Ingabe ingane yakho encane inenkinga yokuzwa? Ake sifunde ngokulahlekelwa ukuzwa.

Ngezinye izikhathi ungase uzizwe sengathi ingane yakho encane ayinaki kakhulu uma ukhuluma, noma ayiphenduli kahle emisindweni. Nakuba lokhu kuvame kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi esinye sezizathu zalokhu kungaba ukukhubazeka kokuzwa. Ingabe singakhuluma ngalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Hearing Loss)`, okungukuthi, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ngendlela elula ongayiqonda? Akukho okufanele ukwesabe, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela.

Kusho ukuthini ukuba nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa?

Kalula nje, ingane encane enenkinga yokuzwa, noma lokho esikubiza ngokuthi "Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzwa," inenkinga yokuzwa nokuqonda eminye noma yonke imisindo. Izwa sengathi umsindo womsakazo wehlisiwe. Kunezizathu ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani lokhu kungenzeka:

• Izinkinga ngezingxenye ezahlukene zendlebe: Indlebe yethu iyisitho esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Inezingxenye ezibizwa ngokuthi indlebe yangaphandle, indlebe ephakathi, kanye nendlebe yangaphakathi. Uma kukhona iphutha noma ukuvaleka kwenye yalezi zingxenye noma ngaphezulu, umsindo ungase ungezwakali kahle.
• Inkinga ngezinzwa ezithwala umsindo ziye ebuchosheni: Qonda ukuthi ngemva kokuthola umsindo ovela endlebeni, udinga ukuthwalwa uye ebuchosheni. Uma kukhona ubuthakathaka kulezi zinzwa ezithwala umsindo, umsindo awuyi ebuchosheni ngendlela efanele.
• Inkinga ngengxenye yobuchopho eqonda umsindo: Ngisho nangemva kokuba umsindo usufike ebuchosheni, kukhona ingxenye ekhethekile yobuchopho ewuqonda ngokuthi "leli yizwi likamama," "leli yingoma." Uma kukhona ubuthakathaka kuleyo ngxenye, noma ngabe uzwa umsindo, ngeke ukwazi ukuqonda ukuthi uyini.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa?

Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kungavela ngezindlela eziningi. Ake sibheke ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko.

Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okubangelwa yi-conductor

Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi kukhona okuvimba umsindo ukuthi ungafiki endlebeni. Cabanga nje, uma kukhona okubambeke epayipini lamanzi endlini yakho, amanzi ngeke aphume.

• Kukhona okungahambi kahle ngamathambo amancane endlebeni ephakathi (yilokhu okudlidliza umsindo bese kuwuthumela ngaphakathi).
• Indlebe igcwele izinto eziningi ezifana ne-wax (siyibiza ngokuthi i-earwax).
• Noma, izinto ezifana nokutheleleka kwendlebe okuvamile zingabangela ukuthi lolu hlobo lomsindo luyeke.

Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuhambisana nokucindezeleka." Lolu hlobo lokulahlekelwa ukuzwa ngezinye izikhathi lungalungiswa ngemithi noma ngokuhlinzwa okuncane.

Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwe-sensorineural (SNHL)

Lokhu kuhlukile kancane. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi kukhona umonakalo engxenyeni ezwela kakhulu yendlebe yangaphakathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-cochlea (lena ingxenye emise okwegobolondo lomnenke), noma ezinzwa ezithwala umsindo ziye ebuchosheni.

• Lokhu `(ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa yizinzwa)` noma `(SNHL)` ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yifa (okusho ukuthi umama wakho, ubaba, ugogo, noma umkhulu wakho wayenakho).
• Noma kungaba yingxenye yesifo esithile sezakhi zofuzo.
• Futhi, ezinye izifo (isibonelo, ezinye izifo ezitholwa ngumama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa) kanye neminye imithi enamandla kungalimaza indlebe yangaphakathi noma imizwa. Lolu hlobo lobuthakathaka luvame ukuba khona unomphela.

Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuxubile

Kulesi simo, zombili izimbangela ze-"Conductive" kanye ne-"Sensorineural" okukhulunywe ngazo ngaphambili zingavela ndawonye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kukhona ukuvinjelwa komsindo ongena endlebeni, futhi kukhona nenkinga ngendlebe yangaphakathi noma imizwa.

Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuphakathi

Kulesi simo, inkinga ayikho endlebeni, kodwa ibuchosheni ngqo. Okusho ukuthi, "ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuphakathi" kwenzeka lapho kukhona okonakala engxenyeni yobuchopho elawula futhi eqonda umsindo. Lokhu kuyinto engavamile kakhulu.

Inkinga yokucubungula izindlebe (i-APD)

Lokhu futhi kukhethekile kakhulu. Izingane ezine -`(Auditory Processing Disorder)` noma `(APD)` zinezindlebe nobuchopho obungasebenzi kahle ndawonye. Zingezwa kahle (okusho ukuthi azibonisi izinkinga ekuhlolweni kokuzwa), kodwa ubuchopho bazo bunobunzima bokubona nokuqonda imisindo, ikakhulukazi inkulumo. Kufana nokuthi isignali yomsakazo iphambene futhi umsindo uphukile, noma amagama asemsindweni awacacile.

Yiziphi izimbangela zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa?

Empeleni kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kungenzeka. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi akunakwenzeka ukuthola imbangela eqondile. Kodwa-ke, uma lezi zici zikhona, ingane encane inamathuba amaningi okuba nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa:

• Ukuzalwa unenkinga yokuzwa, noma ukuba nelungu lomndeni (umama, ubaba, izingane zakubo) elalinenkinga yokuzwa lisencane.
• Ingane yazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi (siyibiza ngokuthi ingaphambi kwesikhathi) futhi/noma yathola ukwelashwa eYunithi Yokunakekelwa Okujulile Kwezingane Ezisanda Kuzalwa (i-NICU) .
• I-jaundice ikhula ngesikhathi sokuzalwa komntwana, futhi izinga le -bilirubin egazini liyakhuphuka kuze kube yilapho kudingeka khona ukumpontshelwa igazi.
• Ukutheleleka njalo ezindlebeni, ukuqhekeka kwezindlebe, noma ukuchayeka emisindweni emikhulu. Isibonelo, abanye abazali bavumela izingane zabo ezincane ukuba zilalele umculo ophakeme ngama-headphone noma bazinike amathoyizi amakhulu. Lokhu kungalimaza izindlebe ezithambile zengane.
• Izifo ezifana ne -meningitis (uhlobo lokutheleleka kobuchopho) noma i-cytomegalovirus (uhlobo lokutheleleka ngegciwane) sezivele zikhona.
• Eminye imithi engalimaza ukuzwa (lena ibizwa ngokuthi 'imithi ebulala amagciwane') iphephile ukuthi umama ayithathe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, futhi iphephile ukuthi ingane iyinike. (Odokotela bavame ukuqaphela kakhulu lapho beyinika, kodwa kwezinye izimo ezibalulekile kufanele bayinikwe).

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu? Ukubona kanjani?

Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ukubona ukuthi ingane inenkinga yokuzwa yini, ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane kakhulu. Zingase zingakwazi ukusho ukuthi, "Angizwa." Izingane ezinalolu hlobo lokulahlekelwa ukuzwa zingase zingasabeli kahle emisindweni noma enkulumweni. Ukuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo yazo (ukuthuthukiswa kolimi) kungase kubambezeleke. Uma ingane yakho ingasabeli kahle kulezi zinto ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, kufanele nakanjani ukhulume nodokotela:

Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa (izinyanga ezingu-0-3):

• I-startle reflex (lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'i-startle reflex') lapho uzwa umsindo omkhulu ngokuzumayo.
• Ukuzola nokuyeka ukukhala lapho uzwa izwi likamama nobaba (cishe izinyanga ezintathu).

Cishe ezinyangeni ezingu-4-6:

• Ukuphendulela amehlo noma ikhanda lakho liye kolunye umsindo.
• Ukubonisa ukukhetha amathoyizi abangela umsindo.
• Ukuphindaphinda kuzwakala sengathi "Uh...", "Ah...", "Guh...", njengokungathi ukhuluma wedwa.

Ezinyangeni ezingu-7-12 (unyaka owodwa):

• Ukwenza imisindo ehlukahlukene engenangqondo (siyibiza ngokuthi 'imisindo yokubhuqa', njengokuthi "mina", "bababa").
• Ephendula igama lakhe (ephenduka lapho kushiwo igama lakhe).
• Ukuzama ukuqonda imiyalelo elula efana nokuthi "ta ta" nokuthi "bheka ukuthi umama uyeza yini."
• Ukulingisa amazwi.
• Ukusho amagama ambalwa alula njengokuthi "Mama", "Baba", kanye nokuthi "Sala kahle".

Njengoba ingane ikhula (ngemva konyaka owodwa), izimpawu zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa zingase zihlanganise:

• Inkulumo elinganiselwe, inkulumo engacacile, noma ukwehluleka ukukhuluma ngendlela efanele iminyaka.
• Kubonakala sengathi akakunaki okushiwoyo, akalandeli imiyalelo (ngezinye izikhathi sicabanga ukuthi ingane yenza lokhu "ngenxa yobubi", kodwa empeleni kungenzeka ukuthi ayilaleli).
• Ukungaphenduli uma kukhulunywa ngezwi elivamile, noma ukubuza ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi "Huh?" "Yini?", noma ukunikeza izimpendulo ezingafanele.
• Uma kunomsindo omkhulu nxazonke zakho (isib., endaweni enabantu abaningi, i-TV ivuliwe), kulula ukuphazamiseka, ukuzizwa ungakhululekile, futhi kube nobunzima bokuqonda okushiwoyo.
• Ukwenyusa ivolumu ku-TV noma emsakazweni ukuze ubukele/ulalele.
• Ubunzima ngomsebenzi wesikole nokufunda.
• Ukuphendula imisindo ethile kuphela (isib., ukuzwa imisindo ephezulu kodwa hhayi imisindo ephansi).

Okubalulekile: Ezinye izinkinga zokuzwa zingakhula kancane kancane ngemva kokuzalwa, noma zingakhula kamuva ekuphileni (isib. ngemva kokugula noma ukulimala ekhanda). Uma unenkinga ngokuzwa kwengane yakho, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela. Ingane yakho ingadinga futhi ukudluliselwa kudokotela wezindlebe , udokotela ochwepheshe bezindlebe.

Ukuthola kanjani ngempela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa?

Kungcono ukuthola izinkinga zokuzwa kusenesikhathi. Ngoba ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle kakhulu uma kuqalwa ingane ingakabi nezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala. Yilapho ubuchopho bengane bukhula ngokushesha ukuze bufunde ulimi.

• Ukuhlolwa Kwezindlebe Zezinsana: Yingakho zonke izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zihlolwa ukuhlolwa kwezindlebe ngaphambi kokuphuma esibhedlela. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okungenabuhlungu enganeni futhi kungenziwa ngemizuzu embalwa.
• Uma ungazange ukwazi ukuhlola ingane yakho ngaphambi kokuba uye ekhaya, noma uma ingane yakho yazalelwa ekhaya noma esikhungweni sokubeletha, kufanele nakanjani uhlole ukuzwa kwengane yakho phakathi namasonto amathathu okuqala okuzalwa.
• "Ukwehluleka/ukudluliselwa" kulolu vivinyo lokuzwa akusho ukuthi umntwana uyisithulu. Kodwa-ke, kusho ukuthi kufanele kwenziwe ezinye izivivinyo zokuxilonga i-audiology ngokushesha okukhulu, ngokuvamile phakathi nenyanga noma ezimbili zokuzalwa. Uma kutholakala ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ukwelashwa kungaqalwa ngokushesha.
• Ngisho nezingane ezizwa kahle kufanele zihlolwe izindlebe zazo njalo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwazo okuvamile kwezokwelapha (emtholampilo). Lokhu kuhlolwa kwezindlebe kuvame ukwenziwa lapho zineminyaka engu-4, 5, 6, 8, kanye nengu-10, kanye nasebusheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwezindlebe kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi uma udokotela esola ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle.

Kuphathwa kanjani lokhu?

Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni lokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, imbangela yako, nokuthi kuyingozi kangakanani. Izingane ezilahlekelwe ukuzwa unomphela kufanele zibonwe yithimba lochwepheshe. Leli qembu lingafaka phakathi udokotela wezindlebe (uchwepheshe wezindlebe), udokotela wezindlebe, impumulo, nomphimbo (udokotela we-ENT), uchwepheshe wolimi lokukhuluma, futhi mhlawumbe nochwepheshe wezemfundo.

Izingane ezinezinhlobo ezithile zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa zingasizwa ngokwelashwa (isib. imithi yokutheleleka kwendlebe), ukwelashwa, kanye nokuhlinzwa (isib., ukufaka ipayipi elincane ukuze kukhishwe uketshezi endlebeni). Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha eziyinhloko zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa unomphela:

• Izinsiza zokuzwa: Lezi zikhulisa futhi zicacise imisindo ukuze ingane yakho izwe. Zifana namamakrofoni amancane, azwela kakhulu angena endlebeni yakho. Uma ingane enenkinga yokuzwa engapheli iqala ukusebenzisa izinsiza zokuzwa ngaphambi kwezinyanga eziyi-6 ubudala, inkulumo yayo kanye nokukhula kobuchopho kuyathuthuka kakhulu. Akukho sitayela noma umenzi oyedwa ofanele yonke ingane. Udokotela wakho wezindlebe angakusiza ukhethe usizo lokuzwa olungcono kakhulu oluhambisana nezidingo zengane yakho kanye nosayizi wendlebe. Izingane eziningi ezinenkinga yokuzwa kuzo zombili izindlebe zisebenzisa izinsiza zokuzwa ezimbili.

• Izinhlelo zokushintshashintsha imvamisa (FM):Lolu hlelo "(FM)" lunciphisa umsindo wangemuva ozungeze ingane, luvumela ingane ukuzwa kuphela izwi lomuntu okhulumayo (isib. uthisha, umama) ngokucacile nangokuzwakalayo. Cabanga ngekilasi lesikole. Uthisha ugqoke imakrofoni encane kanye "ne-transmitter". Lo mthumeli uthumela isignali kagesi ku-"wireless receiver" ingane eyifaka endlebeni noma exhunywe ngqo ku-hearing aid. Njengoba ingathwalwa, ingasetshenziswa ekhaya, esikoleni, noma ezindaweni lapho kunomsindo omkhulu khona.

• Ukufakelwa kwe-Cochlear: Ukufakelwa kwe-Cochlear kungaba usizo olukhulu ezinganeni ezinokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okukhulu noma okujulile ezingakwazi ukuzuza ngezinsiza zokuzwa. Lawa ngamadivayisi kagesi ayinkimbinkimbi afakwa ngokuhlinzwa endlebeni. Adlula izingxenye zendlebe ezingasebenzi kahle futhi avuselele ngqo inzwa yokuzwa. Uma sezifakiwe, kanye nokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kanye nokwelashwa kokukhuluma, izingane ezine-cochlear implant zingafunda ukuzwa kangcono nokukhuluma ngokucacile.

• Ukulungiswa/ukuvuselelwa kokuzwa: Lena inqubo yokufundisa izingane ezizalwa zinenkinga yokuzwa ukulalela nokuxhumana. Lokhu kungafaka izinto ezifana nokwelashwa kokuzwa nokukhuluma (AVT) , ukwelashwa kokukhuluma, ukufunda inkulumo/izindebe, noma, uma kudingeka, ukufunda ulimi lwezandla (njengolimi lwezandla lwaseMelika (ASL) noma izilimi zezandla zendawo). Udokotela wakho we-audiologist nodokotela bazosebenza nawe ukusiza ingane yakho ukuthola indlela engcono kakhulu yokuxhumana. Izingane ezindala ezilahlekelwa ukuzwa zifunda la makhono okuxhumana ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukuvuselelwa kokuzwa.

Yini enye engidinga ukuyazi?

Ngisho nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuncane kakhulu, okungukuthi, okuncane, kungabangela izinkinga ngenkulumo yengane, ulimi, ukufunda, kanye namakhono okuxhumana nabantu. Yingakho kuthiwa izinsana nezingane ezincane ezinenkinga yokuzwa kufanele zithunyelwe enkonzweni ebizwa ngokuthi "ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni." Lolu uhlelo oluhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokwelapha zamahhala noma ezingabizi kakhulu ezinganeni ezifanelekile. ESri Lanka, izinsizakalo ezinjalo ziphinde ziqaliswe ngoMnyango Wezempilo kanye nezinhlangano ezahlukene ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni. Ungathola ngakho ngokubuza isikhulu senkonzo yezempilo yomndeni noma udokotela wendawo. Izingane ezindala nazo zingafanelekela "izinsizakalo zemfundo ekhethekile" lapho ziya esikoleni.

Khumbula, awuwedwa.Kunezindawo ongathola kuzo usizo nolwazi uma ubhekene nesimo esifana nalesi. Buza udokotela wakho, udokotela wezindlebe, noma abanye abantu ngakho. Ungathola futhi amandla nolwazi oluningi ngokujoyina amaqembu okusekelana akhiwe nabanye abazali bezingane ezinalesi simo.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ngakho-ke ngithemba ukuthi ungakhumbula amanye amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu kulokho esikhulume ngakho namuhla.

• Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu: Ungaphuthelwa ukuhlolwa kokuzwa kwengane yakho ngemva kokuzalwa. Uma unokungabaza, noma ngabe kuncane, bona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu. Ungalibali.
• Akuzona zonke izinkinga zokuzwa ezifanayo: kunezinhlobo ezahlukene nezimbangela ezahlukene. Ukuthola ukuthi inkinga iyini ngempela kubalulekile ekwelapheni.
• Kunezindlela zokwelapha: Ubuchwepheshe buthuthuke kakhulu kulezi zinsuku. Kunezinto eziningi ezingasiza ingane, njengezinsiza zokuzwa, izimila ze-cochlear, kanye nezindlela zokwelapha ezikhethekile.
• Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kungenza umehluko omkhulu: kusiza inkulumo yengane, ukufunda, kanye nokuxhumana nabantu. Kuvula indlela yokuba ingane iphile impilo evamile njengabanye abantwana.
• Awuwedwa: ​​kukhona odokotela, ochwepheshe, namaqembu okusekela ukukusiza nokukuqondisa kulolu hambo. Thola usizo lwabo.

Ukunakekela ukuzwa kwengane yakho kuyitshalomali elikhulu ekusaseni layo lonke. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo. Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho.

Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ukuzwa, izingane ezincane, ukuhlolwa kokuzwa kwezinsana, izinsiza zokuzwa, izimila ze-cochlear, ukwelashwa kokukhuluma