Masizivikele sonke ndawonye. Ake sifunde nge-Herd Immunity!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi, lapho iqembu elikhulu labantu lihlangene, isibonelo edolobhaneni lakini, noma lapho usebenza khona, sonke sivikelwe kanjani ezifweni ezithile? Ngezinye izikhathi asikuboni, kodwa kukhona okukhulu okwenzekayo ukuze kusivikele sonke. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'ukuzivikela komhlambi' noma '(Ukuzivikela Komhlambi)'. Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu, ake sixoxe ngakho namuhla, kulungile?

Iyini ngempela i-Herd Immunity?

Kalula nje, ukuzivikela komhlambi kwenzeka lapho abantu abaningi emphakathini, kungaba sedolobhaneni noma edolobheni, bengavikelekile esifweni esithathelwanayo, okungukuthi, uma bemelana naleso sifo, amathuba okuthi leso sifo sisabalale kwabanye ancishiswa kakhulu. Cabanga ngakho njengomlilo wehlathi. Ukuze umlilo usabalale, kufanele usabalale usuka kwesinye isihlahla uye kwesinye. Kodwa uma izihlahla eziningi zivikelwe emswakama noma zingashiswa, kunzima ukuthi umlilo usabalale, akunjalo? Yilokho okwenzekayo ngalokhu. Lapho abantu abaningi emphakathini bengavikelekile, zimbalwa izindawo lapho lesi sifo 'singagxuma khona'. Khona-ke ukusabalala kwalesi sifo cishe kuyalawulwa.

Cabanga ukuthi unezingane ezingu-30 ekilasini lakho. Uma ezingu-25 zazo 'zivikelekile' ku-measles, khona-ke noma ngabe othile ongaphandle uza ekilasini ene-measles, lesi sifo ngeke sisabalale kulezo ezingu-25. Khona-ke amathuba okuba izingane ezi-5 ezingavikelekile 'ku-measles' zitheleleke ancishiswe kakhulu, ngoba ababaningi abantu ekilasini abasebenza 'njengebhuloho' ukuze lesi sifo sifinyelele kubo. Lawo amandla '(oMkhuhlane Wokuzivikela)'. Kufana nesivikelo esingabonakali esakha umphakathi wonke.

Ngakho-ke, singaba kanjani abavikelekile kulesi sifo?

Kulungile, manje ake sibheke ukuthi umuntu uba kanjani 'ongavikelekile' esifweni, okungukuthi, othuthukisa ukungavikeleki. Kunezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko zokwenza lokhu. Le nto ebizwa ngokuthi ukungavikeleki emzimbeni wethu isebenza ngendlela emangalisayo kakhulu.

Imithi Yokugoma - Lena yindlela engcono kakhulu nephephile!

Sonke sizwile ngemithi yokugoma kusukela ebuntwaneni. Lena yindlela engcono kakhulu, ephephile futhi ephumelela kakhulu yokwakha amasosha omzimba ngokumelene nesifo. Umuthi wokugoma umane nje uyinani elincane kakhulu lengxenye ebuthaka noma ebulewe yegciwane elibangela isifo emzimbeni wethu. Khona-ke isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, esisebenza 'njengomqaphi' emzimbeni wethu, siyaqaphela ukuthi ubani lo muntu ongamazi. Siyaqaphela futhi senze 'izikhali' ezikhethekile zokulwa naso. Sibiza lezi zikhali ngokuthi ama-antibodies . Lawa "ma-antibodies" ahlakaniphe kakhulu, ayakhumbula lelo gciwane. Khona-ke, uma igciwane elibangela lesi sifo lingena emzimbeni wethu, lawo "ma-antibodies" enziwe ngaphambilini ayaqaphela ngokushesha futhi alibhubhise ngaphambi kokuba lesi sifo sivele. Lokhu kufana nokuqeqeshwa ngaphambi kwempi. Khona-ke ngeke sigule noma sibe nezinkinga.

Kungani le kuyindlela engcono kakhulu? Ngoba singakha isivikelo kulesi sifo ngaphandle kokuthola lesi sifo futhi sibhekane nemiphumela emibi kanye nobuhlungu obuhambisana naso. Ezinye izifo, isibonelo, njenge-polio, zingabangela izinkinga zokuphila konke uma zitholakala. Ukugoma kusivikela kuzo zonke lezo zingozi. Yingakho ngisho nezinhlangano ezifana ne-World Health Organization zikhuthaza kakhulu ukugoma.

Ukugula nokululama - indlela enzima kancane!

Indlela yesibili ukuthi empeleni sithola isifo, okungukuthi, isifo esibangelwa igciwane noma igciwane, bese silulama kuso. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, imizimba yethu ikhiqiza '(Ama-Antibodies)' ashiwo ngenhla. Lokho kusho ukuthi uma lesi sifo sibuya ngesikhathi esizayo, imizimba yethu isilungele. Kodwa-ke, lena indlela enzima futhi ebuhlungu. Ngoba, lapho sithola lesi sifo, kufanele sigule izinsuku, mhlawumbe amasonto. Kufanele sihlupheke ngezinkinga ezahlukahlukene njengomkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba, ukukhwehlela, kanye nokuphelelwa umoya. Ezinye izifo, isibonelo, njenge-masisi, azilulami, futhi kwabanye abantu zingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu njenge-'(Pneumonia)', futhi ngezinye izikhathi zize zibangele nokufa. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola 'amasosha omzimba' ngemva kokuthola lesi sifo akuyona into enhle, ikakhulukazi isifo esinomjovo.

Cabanga nje, indodakazi encane yomngane wakho ithole i-chickenpox. Ayikwazanga ukuya esikoleni cishe amasonto amabili, yayinama-blisters emzimbeni wayo wonke, yayiklwebha, futhi yayingakwazi ukulala kahle. Kwakuyinkinga yangempela emndenini. Ngemva kokuba isilulame, 'yayisivikelekile' ku-chickenpox, kodwa yeka ubuhlungu okwakumelwe ibhekane nabo! Ukube bekukhona umuthi wokugoma, ngabe akukho nkinga enjalo. Ngakho-ke, akuhlakaniphile ukusho ukuthi "uyagula futhi wakha amasosha omzimba", ikakhulukazi ezifweni ezinkulu.

Kuma-antibodies atholwe ngaphandle - okungukuthi (Passive Immunity)

Indlela yesithathu ibizwa ngokuthi i-passive immunity . Kulokhu, esikhundleni sokwenza ama-antibodies emzimbeni wethu, sithola ama-antibodies enziwe ngaphambilini avela ngaphandle. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi ngezindlela ezimbili.

• Okokuqala ukunikeza imijovo ethi `(Antibody)` `(Imijovo ye-Antibody)` eyenziwe ngokumelene namagciwane athile. Le mijovo inikezwa abantu abathile ezimweni ezithile. Isibonelo, igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi `(RSV)` libangela izinkinga zokuphefumula ezinganeni ezincane. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ekuzalweni kuya ezinyangeni ezingaba ngu-8, izingane zinikezwa lo muthi `(Antibody)`, ngaphambi noma phakathi nesizini `(RSV)`. Lokhu kunikeza ingane isivikelo esisheshayo. Kodwa lokhu akuyona into etholakalayo kuzo zonke izifo, zimbalwa kakhulu izifo ezinemijovo ethi `(Antibody)` enjalo.
• Indlela yesibili ukuthi umama adlulisele ama-antibodies enganeni yakhe. Ingane ithola ama-antibodies emzimbeni kamama nge-placenta ngenkathi ingane isesibelethweni, nangobisi lwebele ngemva kokuzalwa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sezingane ezincane asikakhuli kakhulu ezigabeni zokuqala. Lawa ma-antibodies avela kumama ayabavikela ezifweni eziningi, njengoba nje ingane ithola isivikelo esifanayo kumama.

Kodwa kukhona okubalulekile okufanele ukukhumbule lapha.Isivikelo esinikezwa yi-"Antibodies" esitholakala emithonjeni yangaphandle, kungaba ngokugoma noma ekuguleni, asihlali isikhathi eside njenge-"Antibodies" ekhiqizwa yimizimba yethu. Siyanyamalala ngemva kwesikhathi. Yingakho ngisho nezinsana ezincane zidinga ukugonywa ngesikhathi esifanele, ukuze zakhe isivikelo sesikhathi eside emizimbeni yazo.

Ngakho-ke, kungani lokhu kuvikela umhlambi kubaluleke kangaka?

Manje cishe usuyaqonda ukuthi iyini i-`(Herd Immunity)` nokuthi iba kanjani 'i-immune'. Pho kungani lokhu kubaluleke kangaka? Ngoba, i-`(Herd Immunity)` ivikela labo abangakwazi 'i-immune' esifweni esithile, noma abangavikelekile 'ku-immune'. Okusho ukuthi, akubona bonke abantu emphakathini abafanayo. Abanye abantu banekhono eliphansi lokubekezelela izifo ngezizathu ezahlukene, noma abangakwazi ukugonywa. Okwenziwa yi-`(Herd Immunity)` ukunikeza isivikelo kubantu abanjalo.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuba `amasosha omzimba`, noma ubani ovikelwe kakhulu yi-`(Herd Immunity)`?

• Abantu abangakaze babe nalesi sifo: Abanawo ama-antibodies alwa nalesi sifo.
• Abantu abangakwazi ukugonywa: Isibonelo, izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa. Zinganikezwa eminye imigomo ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa. Futhi, abantu abanezinkinga zokungezwani komzimba ezinzima bangase bangakwazi ukugonywa.
• Abantu abagonywayo kodwa abangakhiqizi "ama-antibodies" anele emizimbeni yabo: Lokhu kungenzeka ngezinye izikhathi. Akuwona wonke umuntu ofanayo. Ngisho noma begonywa, inani elincane kakhulu labantu lingase lingakhiqizi isivikelo esanele emizimbeni yabo.
• Abantu abanesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka: Lokhu kungenzeka ngezizathu ezahlukene. Isibonelo, abantu asebekhulile. Isimiso sabo somzimba sokuzivikela siphansi ngokwemvelo. Futhi, abantu abalashelwa izifo ezifana nomdlavuza, labo abaye bafakelwa izitho zomzimba, noma labo abathatha imithi ethile ecindezela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela (ama-immunosuppressants) bangaba nalesi simo. Uma laba bantu begula, kungaba kubi kakhulu.

Cabanga nje, unogogo omdala endlini yakho, naye onesifo esifana ne-Diabetes Mellitus. Ukuthola kunzima ukuphuma abe seduze kwawo wonke umuntu, uyesaba ukuba nesifo. Kodwa, uma egonywa njengabo bonke abantu edolobhaneni futhi eba 'yisivikelo', khona-ke ugogo naye angakhululeka ekwesabeni, akunjalo? Lelo yilona xabiso elikhulu kakhulu le-'(Herd Immunity)'. Ngokuba 'yisivikelo', sivikela omunye umuntu ngokungazi.

Ngokuvamile kuthiwa uma abantu abangu-7 noma abangu-8 kwabayi-10 emphakathini ‘bengavikelekile’ esifweni, umphakathi wonke uvikelekile kakhulu kuleso sifo. Lokho kusho ukuthi amathuba okusabalala kwalesi sifo ancishiswa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ezifweni ezithelelanayo kakhulu, njengesimungumungwane, leli nani kudingeka libe phezulu nakakhulu. Mhlawumbe u-95%, okungukuthi, u-95 kwabayi-100, kudingeka ‘avikeleke’ ukuze ayeke ngokuphelele ukusabalala kwalesi sifo.

Ngakho-ke, imijovo ibaluleke kangakanani ekwakheni amasosha omzimba omhlambi?

Manje ungase ucabange, 'Kulungile, uma ungathola lesi sifo futhi ube 'nomzimba oqinile,' kungani uthola umuthi wokugoma?' Nansi into. Umqondo wokufeza '(umzimba oqinile)' ngaphandle komjovo usho ukuthi inani elikhulu labantu emphakathini kuzodingeka lithole lesi sifo, ligule, lihlupheke kakhulu, futhi lilahlekelwe ngisho nokuphila kwalo ukuze 'livikeleke.' Cabanga ukuthi lokho kungaba yingozi kangakanani? Kufana nokuvumela lesi sifo sisabalale bese uthi, 'Labo abangasinda, abanandaba ukuthi kwenzekani kulabo abangakwazi.'

Kodwa, ngenxa yemithi yokugoma, sikwazile ukudala amasosha omzimba ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kangaka futhi ngaphandle kokugula kwabantu. Namuhla, sikwazile ukulawula futhi cishe siqede ngokuphelele izifo eziningi eziye zahlupha abantu isikhathi eside, njenge-maselese, i-polio, kanye ne-chickenpox. Akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ukuthi zingaki izimpilo ezisindisiwe nokuthi bangaki abantu abasindisiwe ekukhubazekeni okungapheli.

Kodwa, ngeshwa, ngezinye izikhathi, lapho amanye amaqembu enqaba ukugonywa noma engahlanganyeli ezinhlelweni zokugonywa ngendlela efanele, izifo esizilawule ziqala ukukhuphuka futhi. Muva nje, ukuqubuka kwezifo ezifana nesimungumungwane, umphimbo, kanye nokukhwehlela okungapheli/ukukhwehlela okubikiwe kuye kwabikwa ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba. Lokhu kuye kwahlotshaniswa nemiphakathi engazange igonywe ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lapho ukuzivikela komhlambi kuncipha, izifo zinethuba lokusabalala futhi.

Ngakho-ke, ukugonywa kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphepheni kwethu, kanye nokuphepha kwabanye emphakathini wethu, ikakhulukazi labo abasemaqenjini asengozini okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla. Kuphela uma sonke sigonywa ngendlela efanele lapho singagcina khona lolu donga oluvikelayo "lokuzivikela komhlambi" luqinile.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule kule ndaba?

Nakuba umqondo we-"Herd Immunity" esikhulume ngawo ubonakala ulula kakhulu, insizakalo ewunikezayo empilweni yethu yezenhlalo inkulu kakhulu. Ake sizikhumbuze ngalokhu futhi:

• Ukuzivikela komhlambi kwenzeka lapho abantu abaningi emphakathini beba sengozini yokuthola isifo, ukusabalala kwalesi sifo kuyehla, futhi labo abangenayo i-immune bavikelekile. Kufana nesivikelo esakhiwe nxazonke zethu.
• Indlela engcono kakhulu nephephile yokuba `nokuzivikela` esifweni ukugonywa. Ukuba `nokuzivikela` ngemva kokuthola lesi sifo kungaba yingozi futhi kube yingozi.
• Ukuzivikela komzimba emhlambini kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kuvikela izingane ezincane ezingakwazi ukugonywa, abantu abadala abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka, kanye nabantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka ngenxa yezifo ezahlukahlukene. Uma begula, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kube kubi kakhulu.
• Uma sigonywa, asigcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwethu, kodwa futhi sinikela ekuvikeleni imindeni yethu, abangani, omakhelwane, kanye nomphakathi wonke. Kungumthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu, kodwa futhi kuyisibusiso esikhulu.
• Nakuba ukugoma kuyisinqumo somuntu siqu, imiphumela yako ithinta umphakathi wonke.Ngakho-ke, ngokwazi ulwazi olufanele kanye nokugonywa ngokweseluleko sezokwelapha, sonke singakha umphakathi onempilo nophephile.

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi uyaqonda kahle `(Herd Immunity)`. Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, ungabuza udokotela womndeni wakho noma isikhulu sezempilo sendawo. Khumbula, sonke sivikelekile ngokubambisana kwethu!

` Ukungavikeleki Kwezinkomo, Imithi Yokugoma, Ukungavikeleki, Izifo Ezithelelanayo, Impilo Yomphakathi, Ukuphepha