Ingabe ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo okuhambisana nesifo sikaParkinson? Ake sixoxe ngesifo sikaParkinson i-Dementia!

Ingabe umndeni wakho, mhlawumbe umama wakho, ubaba wakho, noma othile oseduze nawe unesifo sikaParkinson? Ingabe umuntu onjalo uke wakhohlwa izinto kancane kancane, wakuthola kunzima ukwenza izinto ezazilula, noma uke waphawula ushintsho endleleni abacabanga ngayo? Eqinisweni, kukhona isimo sokukhumbula nokuhlakanipha esingahambisana nesifo sikaParkinson. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Parkinson's Disease Dementia)`. Ungesabi, masiqonde lokhu kalula.

Kuyini i-Parkinson's Disease Dementia?

Kalula nje, i-Parkinson's Disease Dementia (PDD) ukwehla kwamakhono okucabanga nokucabanga okwenzeka kumuntu onesifo sikaParkinson, okungenani ngonyaka ngemuva kokutholakala kwalesi sifo (ngokuvamile isikhathi eside kakhulu).

Abanye abantu bayesaba uma bezwa igama elithi "Dementia." Kodwa ake siqonde ukuthi liyini. I-Dementia yisimo lapho ukusebenza kwengqondo yomuntu kuncipha khona njengoba kwakunjalo ngaphambili, okwenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Ukuze lokhu kusebenza kwengqondo kuphazamiseke, okungenani okubili kwalokhu okulandelayo kumele kuphazamiseke:

• Inkumbulo
• Ukucabanga ngokunengqondo
• Ulimi (ukukhuluma, ukuqonda)
• Ukuhlanganisa izinto
• Ukuziphatha

Ngokuvamile, ngaphambi kokuba lokhu kukhohlwa okukhulu kwenzeke, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi ``Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)`` singavela, esibonakala ngezinkinga ezincane zenkumbulo noma ukwehla okuncane kwejubane lokucabanga. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inkumbulo iphazamiseka kancane, yize ingaphazamisi kakhulu imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke amacala ``MCI`` aqhubekela ku-``Dementia``. Phakathi kuka-10% no-20% wabantu abanesifo sikaParkinson bangase babe ne-``MCI`` kuphela kuyo yonke impilo yabo.

Njengoba wazi, isifo sikaParkinson siyisifo esiwohloka ngenxa yemizwa, noma isifo sobuchopho esiwohloza kancane kancane amangqamuzana ezinzwa. Sithinta kakhulu ukunyakaza komzimba. Izimpawu ezifana nokuxhawula izandla kanye nokuhamba kancane (bradykinesia) yizo eziqala ukubonakala. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lesi sifo singathinta nezingxenye zobuchopho ezilawula ukucabanga nezenzo. Yilapho-ke kuvela khona i-dementia.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Ingozi yokuthola i-Parkinson's dementia iyahlukahluka ngokweminyaka kanye nobude besikhathi osube naso. Isibonelo:

• Abantu abaphakathi kuka -16% no-20% abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-60 no-75 sebebe nesifo sikaParkinson iminyaka ephakathi kwemi-5 neyi-10.
• Abantu abaphakathi kuka -20% no-30% abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-60 no-75 sebebe nesifo sikaParkinson iminyaka eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15.
• Lesi simo singaba khona kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-50 kuya ku-60% abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-75 asebenesifo sikaParkinson iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Parkinson's Dementia?

Indlela lesi simo esithinta ngayo umuntu ngamunye ingahluka, kodwa kunezimpawu ezithile ezivamile:

• Ubunzima bokugxila: Ubunzima bokugxila entweni eyodwa, ukuphazamiseka kalula.
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo: Ubunzima bokukhumbula izinto ezintsha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokukhohlwa izinto ezindala.
• Izinkinga zokuqonda ulwazi olubonakalayo: Isibonelo, ukuba nobunzima bokuthola into eyodwa endaweni egcwele abantu.
• Ngisho nomsebenzi olula kungaba nzima ukuwuhlela, ukuwuqala, nokuqeda.
• Ubunzima bolimi: Amagama ayaxutshwa, amagama ezinto ayalibaleka, futhi imisho eyinkimbinkimbi iba nzima ukuyiqonda.
• Inkulumo ayicaci, njengokungingiza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko zokuziphatha zingase zenzeke:

• Izinguquko esimweni sengqondo: ukudabuka okwandayo (ukucindezeleka), ukucasuka okuvamile (ukucasuka), kanye nokukhathazeka.
• Ukunganaki: Ukungafuni ukwenza lutho, ukuzizwa unesithukuthezi ngakho konke.
• I-Psychosis: Ukubona izinto ezingezona ezangempela (ikakhulukazi ukubona izinto ezingekho), noma ukukholelwa ezintweni ezingezona ezangempela (ikakhulukazi ukucabanga okungenangqondo).

Uma wena noma othandekayo wakho enalezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko. Ungasiqonda isimo futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo ngaphandle kokwethuka.

Kungani i-Parkinson's dementia ikhula?

Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuqongelela kwamaprotheni angajwayelekile abizwa ngokuthi `(Lewy bodies)` ebuchosheni. Lawa `(Lewy bodies)` ayizicucu ezincane ezenziwe ngeprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi `(alpha-synuclein)`. Lapho lawa eqongelela ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa `(neurons)` ebuchosheni, lawo maseli ayalimala futhi afe.

Esifweni sikaParkinson, lezi `(Lewy bodies)` ziqala ukufakwa ezingxenyeni zobuchopho ezilawula ukunyakaza, ikakhulukazi endaweni ye-`(basal ganglia)`. Yingakho ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza okufana nokuthuthumela nokuhamba kancane kuqala kwenzeka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi `(Lewy bodies)` zingasakazekela ezingxenyeni eziphakeme zobuchopho ezilawula izinto ezifana nokucabanga, inkumbulo, kanye nolimi. Yilapho-ke `(Parkinson's Disease Dementia)` zenzeka khona.

Lesi simo sifana kakhulu nolunye uhlobo lwe-dementia olubizwa ngokuthi i-Lewy body dementia (LBD). Eqinisweni, abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi zombili lezi zifo zibangelwa uhlobo olufanayo loshintsho lobuchopho oluhilela iphrotheni i-alpha-synuclein. Umehluko omkhulu usekulandeleni kwezimpawu. Sizoxoxa ngalokho maduze.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo?

Izici ezimbili eziyinhloko ezibangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kukaParkinson yilezi:

1. Ukukhula kweminyaka: Le ngozi iyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula.

2. Ukwanda kwesikhathi sesifo sikaParkinson: Uma lesi sifo sihlala isikhathi eside, kulapho ingozi yokuba nesifo sokulahlekelwa yingqondo iba nkulu khona.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo luthole ukuthi abantu abanezimpawu ezithile zesifo sikaParkinson banamathuba amaningi okuthola isifo sokulahlekelwa yingqondo. Izimpawu ezinjalo zifaka:

• Ukuba nezimpawu ezinzima zemisipha: Uma unezimpawu ezinzima njengokuthuthumela nobunzima bokuhamba.
• Ekuqaleni kwesifo sikaParkinson , kungase kube nezinkinga ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluzimele (isibonelo, ukwehla kwamandla omzimba emzimbeni, ukungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo).
• Ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza kuthinta izinhlangothi zombili zomzimba ngokulinganayo (izimpawu zokunyakaza ezilinganayo).
• Imithi equkethe i-dopamine yesifo sikaParkinson ayisebenzi kahle njengoba bekulindelekile.
• Ukuba nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-REM sleep behavior disorder" (lapho empeleni udlala khona lokho okuphuphayo).

Ukubona kanjani lokhu ngqo?

Ngeshwa, akukho ukuhlolwa okuqondile okungaqinisekisa ngokushesha ukuba khona kwe-Parkinson's Disease Dementia. Udokotela wenza ukuxilongwa ngokucabangela izici eziningana:

• Babuza ukuthi izimpawu zakho ziqale nini nokuthi zishintshe kanjani.
• Buza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha ophelele.
• Ngizobheka ukuthi imiphi imithi oyithathayo njengamanje.
• Buza ukuthi kukhona yini emndenini wakho onalezi zifo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izivivinyo zingenziwa ukusiza ekuxilongweni. Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuhlolwa kokubona ubuchopho (njenge-CT scans, i-MRI scans), kanye nokuhlolwa kwengqondo okuhlola amakhono okucabanga.

Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, izimpawu nezimbangela ze-Parkinson's Disease Dementia (PDD) kanye ne-Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) zifana kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kunendlela encane odokotela abayisebenzisayo ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalokhu okubili:

• Uma izimpawu ze-dementia (njengokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo) zivela okungenani ngonyaka (ngokuvamile iminyaka eminingana) ngemva kokuqala kwezinkinga zokunyakaza kwesifo sikaParkinson (njengokuthuthumela, ukuhamba kancane), kubizwa ngokuthi i-Parkinson's Disease Dementia (PDD).
• Uma izimpawu ze-dementia zivela ngaphambi, phakathi, noma phakathi nonyaka wokuqala kwezinkinga zokunyakaza ze-Parkinson, zibizwa ngokuthi `(Lewy body dementia - LBD)`. Ezinye iziguli `(LBD)` zingase zingabi nezinkinga zokunyakaza ze-Parkinson.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo ukuthi ngabe ikhona yini ikhambi lalokhu, noma ingabe ingelapheka. Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, asikho ikhambi elingamisa noma libuyisele emuva ukuqhubeka kwesifo sikaParkinson's Disease Dementia. Lokho kuyiqiniso elidabukisayo.

Kodwa ungalilahli ithemba! Kunemithi kanye nokwelashwa okungasiza ekulawuleni noma ekunciphiseni ezinye zezimpawu. Isibonelo:

• `(Izithibi ze-Cholinesterase)`:Imithi ekulesi sigaba, njenge-donepezil (Aricept®), i-rivastigmine (Exelon®), kanye ne-galantamine (Razadyne®), inganikeza impumuzo kwezinye izimpawu, ikakhulukazi ukubona izinto ezingekho, izinguquko ekucabangeni, kanye nezinguquko zokuziphatha.
• Ama-Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) kanye nama-serotonin kanye ne-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): Le yimithi evame ukunqunyelwa ukucindezeleka. Ingasiza ekulawuleni ukushintshashintsha kwemizwelo njengokudabuka, intukuthelo, nokwesaba.
• Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT): Lolu uhlobo lwe-psychotherapy, oluyindlela yokwelapha ngokukhuluma. Lungasiza ekuphatheni izinto ezifana nezinkinga zokuziphatha kanye nokucindezeleka.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokhuluma nawe futhi linqume ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe. Kodwa khumbula into eyodwa. Eminye imithi ingenza izimpawu ze-dementia zibe zimbi kakhulu. Isibonelo, i-carbidopa-levodopa, umuthi ovame ukusetshenziswa ukwelapha ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza kwesifo sikaParkinson, ungandisa ukubona izinto ezingekho kanye nokudideka kwabanye abantu abane-dementia yesifo sikaParkinson. Ngakho-ke, ungaqali noma uyeke ukuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho.

Kungase kube nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuqhubekayo kokwelashwa okusha kwe-Parkinson's Disease Dementia. Ungabuza udokotela wakho ngalokho futhi.

Lesi simo siqhubeka kanjani? (Isibikezelo)

Ukubikezela komuntu onalesi simo kuncike ezintweni eziningana. Kodwa-ke, njengesifo sikaParkinson, isifo sikaParkinson i-Dementia sivame ukuba sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nakuba ukwelashwa kunganikeza impumuzo ethile ezimpawini, ikhwalithi yokuphila ingancishiswa.

Lokhu kungakhula ngokushesha kangakanani?

Izinga lokugula kwesifo sikaParkinson's Disease Dementia liba libi kakhulu kuye ngomuntu nomuntu, njengoba nje isifo sikaParkinson siqhubeka. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingakunikeza wena nomndeni wakho umbono wokuthi yini ongayilindela ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.

Ingabe lokhu akunakuvinjelwa ukuthi kwenzeke?

Ngeshwa, okwamanje akukho okungenziwa ukuvimbela i-Parkinson's Disease Dementia ukuthi ingakhuli. Futhi, ayikho indlela yokunciphisa ingozi yokuyithola.

Singamsiza kanjani umuntu onesifo sokuwohloka komqondo sikaParkinson?

Uma othandekayo wakho enalesi simo, ngaphezu kokusebenza nethimba lezokwelapha ukuze umnikeze ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu, kunezinye izinto eziningana ongazenza:

• Funda okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka nge- Parkinson's Disease Dementia: Uma wazi okwengeziwe ngayo, kuzoba lula ngawe ukubhekana nalokho okuzayo. Futhi, uzokwazi ukummelela kangcono othandekayo wakho.
• Yenza indawo yakhe ibe lula:Susa izinto ezingadingekile endlini bese uzigcina zihlelekile. Lokhu kunganciphisa ukudideka kwengqondo ababhekana nakho. Ukukhanya okuncane ebusuku kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukubona okungalungile.
• Yenza isimiso esivamile: Ukuba nesimiso esivamile, njengokudla, ukugeza, nokulala ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke, kungasiza abantu abane-Parkinson's Disease Dementia bazizwe bekhululekile futhi bephephile.
• Joyina iqembu lokusekela: Hlanganisa othandekayo wakho kanye nawe uqobo emaqenjini okusekela iziguli ze-Parkinson kanye nemindeni yazo. La maqembu anganikeza ulwazi olubalulekile, iseluleko, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho. Lokhu kungaba amandla amakhulu phakathi nalolu hambo.

Ingabe isifo sikaParkinson's dementia sihlukile kwezinye izimo ezivamile ze-dementia?

Kunezimbangela eziningi ze-dementia, futhi izimpawu ziyahlukahluka. Isifo se-Alzheimer uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-dementia. Ngokusho kososayensi, izimpawu ze-Parkinson's disease dementia zihlukile kancane kulezo ze-Alzheimer's disease dementia. Isibonelo:

• Abantu abane-Parkinson's Disease Dementia banamathuba amaningi okuba nokungabi nandaba nobunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo kunalabo abane-Alzheimer's.
• Abantu abane-Alzheimer's disease dementia bangase babe nezinkinga zolimi ngaphambilini kunalabo abane-Parkinson's disease dementia. Futhi, abantu abane-Alzheimer's banenkinga enkulu yokukhumbula izinto ezintsha kunalabo abane-Parkinson's disease dementia.

Ingabe kunezigaba ezahlukene zesifo sikaParkinson's dementia?

Odokotela baye bamukela izindlela zokuhlukanisa isifo sikaParkinson ngezigaba ezahlukene. Kodwa-ke, ayikho indlela ethile yokuhlukanisa isifo sikaParkinson's Dementia. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi indlela esithinta ngayo wonke umuntu kanye nezinga esiba sibi ngayo kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kunzima kososayensi nodokotela ukusihlukanisa ngezigaba ezithile.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Akulula ukufunda ukuthi unesifo sikaParkinson, isimo esithinta inkumbulo yakho futhi esingathinta ikhono lakho lokusebenza. Kuvamile ukuzizwa udangele, ukhungathekile, futhi wesaba ukuthi ikusasa liphetheni. Khumbula ukuthi awuwedwa kulesi sikhathi. Thola ukwesekwa okudingayo kwabathandekayo bakho, umndeni, abangane, ikakhulukazi ithimba lakho lezokwelapha.

Khumbula, nakuba ukwelashwa kungeke kuphulukise lesi simo ngokuphelele, kungasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu nasekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yokuphila ngezinga elithile. Ngakho-ke, ungalilahli ithemba futhi uqhubeke nalolu hambo ngokusekelwa okutholayo.

Isifo sikaParkinson , i-dementia, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, izifo zobuchopho, imizimba kaLewy, izifo zezinzwa, ukunakekelwa kwabantu asebekhulile