Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabona othile emndenini wakho, mhlawumbe ubaba noma umalume wakho, ethatha umuthi wesifo senhliziyo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma ukungasebenzi kahle kokuchama. Ngokufanayo, odokotela banikeza imithi ehlukahlukene yezifo zesikhumba, izifo zokuphefumula ezifana ne-asthma, njll. Ubuwazi ukuthi kukhona uhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lwemithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha eziningi zalezi zimo? Leyo mithi, okuyi-Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors, yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho kulesi sihloko namuhla, kalula nangendlela enesizotha.
Kalula nje, ziyini lezi Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors?
Lokhu kungase kuzwakale njengegama eliyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa empeleni kulula kakhulu. Lezi yizinhlobo zemithi ezisiza ukuphumula nokwandisa imithambo yegazi emizimbeni yethu, okwenza kube lula ukujikeleza kwegazi. Lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuthuthuka, umfutho wegazi nawo uyalawulwa. Yingakho le mithi isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo eziningi ezahlukene, kusukela ezinkingeni zesikhumba, amalunga, inhliziyo, namaphaphu kuya ekungasebenzi kahle kocansi.
Lo muthi usebenza kanjani emzimbeni?
Imizimba yethu iqukethe uhlobo lwe-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) . Kalula nje, ama-enzyme afana nabasizi abancane abasheshisa izinqubo zamakhemikhali emizimbeni yethu. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zala ma-enzyme e-PDE. Ayabalwa futhi ahlukaniswe. Okukhethekile ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lwe-enzyme ye-PDE lutholakala ezindaweni ezithile emzimbeni.
| Uhlobo lwe-enzyme ye-PDE | Ngokuvamile kutholakala futhi kuyasebenza |
|---|---|
| I-PDE-3 | Lezi zitholakala ikakhulukazi enhliziyweni yakho kanye nasesimisweni sakho sokujikeleza kwegazi . Ziphinde zihileleke ekujiyeni kwegazi. |
| I-PDE-4 | Lokhu kutholakala emaphashini . Kubangela ukuba imisipha yendlela yokuphefumula iqine futhi ifinyele. |
| I-PDE-5 | Lokhu kutholakala emaphashini nasesithweni sabesilisa. |
Ama-Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors (ama-PDE Inhibitors) asebenza ngokuvimbela umsebenzi wama-enzyme e-PDE ashiwo ngenhla. Kufana nokuvala umnyango. Amanye ama-PDE Inhibitors ahlose uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwe-enzyme (ekhethayo), kanti amanye angathinta ama-enzyme e-PDE ngokujwayelekile (angakhethiyo).
Yiziphi izimo eziyinhloko eziphathwa ngalo muthi?
Le mithi ivunyelwe ukwelapha izimo ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili ezahlukene. Ake sibheke ezinye zezigaba eziyinhloko.
Izifo zenhliziyo kanye nesistimu yokujikeleza kwegazi
- Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okuncishisiwe: Lapho inhliziyo iba buthakathaka futhi ingakwazi ukupompa igazi emzimbeni njengoba kudingeka.
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wamaphaphu: Umfutho wegazi ophezulu emithanjeni yegazi emaphashini.
- Ukuncipha kokugeleza kwegazi ezithweni (Isifo semithambo yegazi engaphandle - i-PAD): Ukuntuleka kwegazi okwanele, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni.
- Ukuvimbela amahlule egazi ngemva kokuhlinzwa: Amahlule egazi ngemva kokuhlinzwa angaholela ezimweni eziyingozi ezifana nesifo sohlangothi, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kanye ne-pulmonary embolism. Zivimbele.
- I-Thrombocythemia: Ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwama-platelet, okusiza ukugoba kwegazi.
Izifo zokuvuvukala kwesikhumba nasemalungeni
- I-Eczema (i-Atopic dermatitis): Ukuvuvukala, ukubomvu kwesikhumba okulumelayo.
- I-Psoriasis: Isimo sokuvuvukala kwesikhumba esibangelwa uhlelo lokuzivikela olusebenza ngokweqile.
- I-Psoriatic arthritis: Ukuvuvukala kwamalunga okwenzeka nge-psoriasis.
Izifo ezihlobene nohlelo lokuzala lwabesilisa
- I-Benign prostatic hyperplasia: Ukuvuvukala kwendlala ye-prostate ngenxa yezimbangela ezingezona umdlavuza.
- Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Erectile: Ubunzima bokuthola ukuqina.
Izifo zesistimu yokuphefumula
- Isifo samaphaphu esingapheli (i-COPD): Iqembu lezifo ezibangela ubunzima bokuphefumula.
- I-apnea yezingane ezisanda kuzalwa: Ubunzima bokuphefumula obuvela ezinganeni ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi , ikakhulukazi lezo ezizalwa ngaphambi kwamasonto ayi-7.
Ziyini izinzuzo zalo muthi?
Kunezinzuzo eziningana zokusebenzisa le mithi.
- Izinhlobo ezilula: Lezi ziza ngesimo samaphilisi omlomo, okhilimu bokugcotshwa, kanye nemijovo ye-IV. Eminye imithi idinga ukuthathwa nsuku zonke, kanti eminye ingathathwa kuphela uma kudingeka.
- Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe:Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, njengoba ukwelashwa kungaqondiswa kuphela kuhlobo oluthile lwe-enzyme ye-PDE, imiphumela emibi engafuneki ingancishiswa kakhulu.
- Izinzuzo eziningana zomuthi owodwa: Ngezinye izikhathi izifo ezimbili ezenzeka ndawonye zingelashwa ngomuthi owodwa. Isibonelo, umuntu onenkinga yokuvuvukala kwe-prostate kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile anganikwa i-PDE-5 inhibitor tadalafil . Ngokufanayo, i-Apremilast isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-psoriasis kanye ne-psoriatic arthritis.
Masiqaphele nemiphumela emibi kanye nezingozi.
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, lokhu kungabangela imiphumela emibi. Le miphumela emibi incike kakhulu ohlotsheni lwe-PDE inhibitor oyithathayo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Uma uthatha i-PDE-5 inhibitor (isib. iSildenafil, iTadalafil) bese uba nobuhlungu esifubeni zingakapheli amahora angama-24, bese uthatha iphilisi le -nitroglycerin elingaphansi kolimi, hamba uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha. Ukuhlanganiswa kwale mithi emibili kungabangela umfutho wegazi ophansi ngendlela eyingozi.
Ngezansi kuneminye imiphumela emibi engaba khona ehlobene nezinhlobo eziyinhloko zemithi.
| Isigaba sezidakamizwa | Imiphumela emibi emincane nephakathi | Imiphumela emibi ebalulekile/eyingozi |
|---|---|---|
| Izithibi ze-PDE-3 (Kunikezwe enhliziyweni) | Ikhanda elibuhlungu, ubuthakathaka, ukuvuvukala, isisu esibuhlungu (isicanucanu, ukuhlanza), uhudo. | Ukungalingani kwesigqi senhliziyo (i-arrhythmia), ubuhlungu besifuba, ukopha okungavamile, ama-platelet egazi aphansi. |
| Izithibi ze-PDE-4 (Kunikezwa izifo zokuphefumula/zesikhumba) | Ukwehlisa isisindo, isicanucanu, isifo sohudo, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukungakwazi ukulala, ukuvuvukala lapho kusetshenziswe khona ukhilimu. | Ukucindezeleka okwandayo, imicabango yokuzibulala, ukusabela kwe-hypersensitivity (ukulunywa okukhulu, ukuvuvukala). |
| Izithibi ze-PDE-5 (Kunikezwe ngenxa yobuthakathaka bobulili) | Ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukushaqeka, isisu esibuhlungu, ikhala elicijile, ubuhlungu bemisipha, isiyezi. | I-Priapism: Ukuqina kobulili okubuhlungu okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora ama-4 ngaphandle kokukhuthazwa ngokocansi. Yiya ku-ETU ngokushesha. Izinguquko ekuboneni, ukuncipha noma ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa. |
| Ama-PDE Inhibitors angakhethi (isib. i-Caffeine, i-Theophylline) | Ukungaphumuli, ukuqwasha, ukuthuthumela, isisu esibuhlungu, ikhanda elibuhlungu. | Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, ukuxhuzula. |
Kunini lapho kungafanele uphuze khona lo muthi?
Lo muthi ungaba yingozi kwabanye abantu. Uma unezinye zezimo ezilandelayo, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha lo muthi.
- Kunoma yimuphi umuthi ovimbela i-PDE: Uma uke waba nokusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba (ukuzwela ngokweqile) kunoma yimuphi umuthi noma into ethile.
- I-Cilostazol (PDE-3): Lokhu akukhuthazwa uma unesimo senhliziyo esibuhlungu.
- Izithibi ze-PDE-5: Kufanele uzigweme ukuzithatha uma unesifo senhliziyo esibi kakhulu, usanda kuba nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi, noma une-angina engazinzile.
- Uma uthatha ama-nitrate , ukuthatha ama-PDE-5 inhibitors kungabangela ukwehla komfutho wegazi lakho.
- Amanye ama-PDE inhibitors (isib. i-Cilostazol) awafaneleki uma unesifo sokopha.
Sebenzisa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa, kungaba ukuhlakanipha ukugwema ukuthatha izinhlobo ezithile zemithi yokuvimbela i-PDE. Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.
Kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha nini?
Kungcono ukutshela udokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile ngenkathi usebenzisa lo muthi. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka noma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo:Izinto ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba, ukuqina, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukujuluka, isiyezi, isicanucanu.
- Ukuma kwendoda ngaphambi komshado: Ukuqina kwendoda okubuhlungu okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora amane ngaphandle kokushukunyiswa ngokocansi. Lesi yisimo esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
- Ukulahlekelwa/ukuncipha kokubona noma ukuzwa ngokuzumayo: Lokhu kufanele kuphathwe ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke umonakalo ongapheli.
Le mithi ibaluleke kakhulu, isindisa impilo futhi ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo. Kodwa kufanele ithathwe kuphela ngokunconywa udokotela kanye nomthamo onqunyiwe.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-phosphodiesterase inhibitors ayiqembu elinamandla lemithi elapha izifo eziningi ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa isifo senhliziyo, ukungasebenzi kahle kocansi, izifo zesikhumba, kanye nezifo zokuphefumula.
- Njalo thatha le mithi kuphela uma uceliwe udokotela . Gwema ukubuza kubangani noma ukucela ekhemisi bese uyisebenzisa wedwa.
- Yazisa udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi eminye imithi oyithathayo kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izifo onazo.
- Uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi kakhulu njengobuhlungu besifuba, ukucindezeleka kwengqondo okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora ama-4, noma ukubona ngokuzumayo noma ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, hamba ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU).
- Ungalokothi wabelane ngomuthi wakho nanoma ubani omunye. Umuthi ofanele umuntu oyedwa ungaba yingozi kakhulu komunye umuntu.
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