Ingabe amaseli akho e-plasma nawo aphelile? Ingabe le leukemia yamaseli e-plasma iyingozi?

Wake wezwa ngesifo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Plasma Cell Leukemia'? Igama lingase lizwakale liyesabeka kancane. Kodwa empeleni umdlavuza onzima, ongavamile othinta uhlobo lweseli emzimbeni wethu olubizwa ngamaseli e-plasma. Ungakhathazeki, sizochaza konke ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.

Kuyini i-Plasma Cell Leukemia?

Kulungile, ake siqale sibheke ukuthi iyini i-Plasma Cell Leukemia. Kalula nje, iwuhlobo lomdlavuza olunamandla kakhulu, olusakazeka ngokushesha kolunye uhlobo lomdlavuza olubizwa nge-Multiple Myeloma.

Sonke sinohlobo olukhethekile lweseli elibizwa ngokuthi amaseli e-plasma emizimbeni yethu. Lawa amaseli akhiqiza ama-antibodies, okuyizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezisiza imizimba yethu ukulwa nezifo, njengokutheleleka. Lawa maseli e-plasma afana nonogada bomzimba wethu.

Kodwa, ngezinye izikhathi la maseli e-plasma, ngeshwa, aqala ukuziphatha ngendlela engajwayelekile, njengamaseli omdlavuza . Yilapho izinkinga ziqala khona. Ngokuvamile, esimweni se-'Multiple Myeloma', la maseli e-plasma angajwayelekile, amabi avame ukufakwa emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo . Umnkantshe uyingxenye ethambile, ethambile emathanjeni ethu.

Kodwa-ke, ku-Plasma Cell Leukemia, kwenzeka into ehlukile kancane. Lapha, lawo maseli e-plasma angajwayelekile, anomdlavuza aphuma emnkantsheni, angene egazini lethu, okungukuthi, egazini, bese eqala ukuhamba emzimbeni wonke. Cabanga nje, okwenzeka lapha kufana nezigebengu ezimbalwa eziyingozi ezibaleka ejele futhi zibangele inkathazo kulo lonke idolobha.

Lona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-'Multiple Myeloma' kanye ne-'Plasma Cell Leukemia'. Yingakho i-Plasma Cell Leukemia (PCL) ibhekwa njengesifo esinolaka kakhulu nesisakazeka ngokushesha.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi sifo?

Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi ubani ongase abe nalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Plasma Cell Leukemia. Njengoba kubonakala ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sivame kakhulu kwabesilisa abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-55 no-65. Futhi, ezinye izifundo zithole ukuthi kunezinga eliphezulu lalesi sifo kubantu abamnyama .

Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, ngokuvamile, lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu . Eqinisweni, i-plasma cell leukemia (PCL) uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu lweqembu lomdlavuza elibizwa ngokuthi i-multiple myeloma. Kubikwa ukuthi libangela iphesenti elincane kakhulu, cishe u-2% kuya ku-3% wazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza wamaseli e-plasma. Ngakho-ke akusona isifo abantu abaningi abasitholayo.

Kukhona ukwelashwa kwalokhu. Lokhu kwelashwa kungasiza ekulawuleni ukukhula komdlavuza, kunciphise izimpawu futhi kwenze impilo ibe lula, futhi kwandise isikhathi ongasiphila ngezinga elithile. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, kunzima ukwelapha lesi sifo ngokuphelele . Kodwa akukuhle ukulahla ithemba. Ngenxa yokwelashwa okusha, odokotela manje sebekwazile ukwandisa impilo yeziguli ezine-Plasma Cell Leukemia. Kodwa-ke, kuningi okusazotholakala kulo mkhakha ngocwaningo olwengeziwe.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ze-plasma cell leukemia (PCL)?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-plasma cell leukemia (PCL). Ake sifunde ngazo zombili.

• I-PCL Eyinhloko: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umuntu eba ne-plasma cell leukemia (PCL) ngaphandle kokuba ne-multiple myeloma ngaphambili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaseli e-plasma angajwayelekile ajikeleza egazini ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa. Yilokhu okubonakala ezigulini eziningi ze-PCL ( cishe ama-60%) . Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayisigidi emphakathini jikelele uthintwa yilesi simo se-PCL esiyinhloko.

• I-PCL yesibili: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umuntu esevele ene-multiple myeloma, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lesi sifo siba sibi kakhulu futhi siguquke sibe yi-plasma cell leukemia (PCL). Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-PCL ikhula njengohlobo olubi lwe-myeloma. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi phakathi kuka-0.5% no-4% weziguli eziningi ze-myeloma ziba ne-secondary PCL. Cishe u-40% weziguli ze-PCL ziwela kulesi sigaba.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-plasma cell leukemia (PCL)?

Izimpawu ze-plasma cell leukemia (PCL) zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izimpawu ezivamile esizozibheka:

• Ukukhathala: Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi, uzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukwenza lutho.
• I-anemia: Kalula nje, lokhu kuwukuntuleka kwegazi. Umzimba uba mhlophe, uyakhathala, futhi uzizwa ukhathele ngisho nalapho ukhuphuka izitebhisi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo kuvinjelwa yilawo maseli e-plasma amabi.
• Ukopha okwandayo: Ngisho nesilonda esincane singathatha isikhathi eside ukuyeka ukopha, okungenzeka kubangele ukopha kwezinsini noma ukuklwebheka esikhumbeni.
• Ubuhlungu bamathambo: Ubuhlungu bamathambo bungavela, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana nomgogodla, izimbambo kanye nezinqe.
• Ukuphuka kwethambo: Ngezinye izikhathi, amathambo aba buthakathaka kangangokuthi ithambo lingaphuka ngisho noma liwile nje, ngisho noma kungekho ukulimala okukhulu.
• Ukwanda kwamazinga e-calcium egazini (i-Hypercalcemia):Lesi yisimo esibucayi ngandlela thile. Lapho amazinga e-calcium egazini ekhuphuka, kungase kube nezimpawu ezifana nokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza, umlomo owomile, ukudideka, kanye nokoma ngokweqile.
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile: Njengoba amasosha omzimba ehla, izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nomkhuhlane ziyenzeka njalo, futhi uma sezivele, zithatha isikhathi eside ukululama.
• Ukulimala kwezinso: Amaprotheni akhiqizwa yilawo maseli e-plasma angalimaza izinso.

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, ungesabi, ngoba zingaba izimpawu zezinye izimo. Kodwa-ke, uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka, kuhlale kungumqondo omuhle ukubona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko.

Yini ebangela i-plasma cell leukemia (PCL)?

Eqinisweni, abacwaningi abakayitholi imbangela eqondile ye-plasma cell leukemia (PCL). Kodwa okwaziwayo ukuthi ibangelwa izinguquko zezakhi zofuzo ezitholakala kuma-genes amaseli e-plasma njengoba ekhula. Kalula nje, kuneziphambeko ku-DNA yamaseli e-plasma.

Kodwa-ke, ukuthi kungani lezi zinguquko zofuzo zenzeka kuseyimfihlakalo . Kunzima ukusho ngqo ukuthi yiziphi izici zemvelo, amathonya endlela yokuphila, noma ezinye izimbangela ezibangela lokhu. Njengoba lesi kuyisifo esingavamile, ukucwaninga ngaso nakho kuyinselele kancane.

Itholakala kanjani i-plasma cell leukemia (PCL)?

Ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi umuntu une-plasma cell leukemia (PCL), udokotela kuzodingeka enze izivivinyo eziningana.

1. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lesi yisinyathelo esiyisisekelo kakhulu. Kuthathwa isampula yegazi lakho bese kulinganiswa inani lamaseli e-plasma angajwayelekile kulo. Ku-PCL, ngaphezu kuka-5% wamaseli akho amhlophe egazi aphelele akhiwa yilawa maseli e-plasma angajwayelekile.

2. Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wethambo: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane yomnkantsha wakho wethambo bese uyihlola ukuze kutholakale amaseli e-plasma angajwayelekile. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ethanjeni lesinqe. Nakuba kungaba buhlungu kancane, kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongweni.

3. Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ukuhlolwa okufana ne-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan) noma i-MRI (i-Magnetic Resonance Imaging) nakho kwenziwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi lesi sifo silimaze amathambo.

Kungemva kokwenza zonke lezi zivivinyo kuphela lapho udokotela angakutshela khona ngqo ukuthi une-PCL noma cha, futhi uma kunjalo, ukuthi isimo siyini.

Ilashwa kanjani i-plasma cell leukemia (PCL)?

I-plasma cell leukemia (PCL) yelashwa ngokomuntu ngamunye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu onikezwa ukwelashwa okufanayo. Ithimba lezokwelapha lizohlola isimo sakho ngokucophelela futhi lincome indlela yokwelapha noma inhlanganisela yokwelashwa efaneleka kakhulu kuwe.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezifanayo zivame ukusetshenziswa kwi-PCL njengeze-multiple myeloma. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza imithi enamandla yokubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-'Doxorubicin (Adriamycin®), i-'Cisplatin' kanye ne-'Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®).'
• Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy: Lokhu kuhilela ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba wakho ukuze alwe namaseli omdlavuza. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwelashwa okusha okufana nama-antibodies e-monoclonal (isb., i-Daratumumab (i-Darzalex®)), ama-antibodies e-bispecific (isb., i-Teclistamab (i-Tecvayli®)), kanye nokwelashwa kwe-chimeric antigen receptor (i-CAR) T-cell.
• Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe: Le mithi isebenza ngokugxila kuma-molecule athile asiza amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuba akhule futhi asinde, iwavimbe ekusebenzeni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-proteasome inhibitors (isib., i-Bortezomib (i-Velcade®), i-Carfilzomib (i-Kyprolis®), i-Ixazomib (i-Ninlaro®)) kanye nama-immunomodulators (isib., i-Lenalidomide (i-Revlimid®), i-Pomalidomide (i-Pomalyst®).
• Ukufakelwa Kweseli Le-Autologous Stem: Lokhu kuhilela ukufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem aphilile athathwe esigulini ngokwaso ngemva kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu ofanelekela lokhu kwelashwa. Udokotela unquma.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zindlela zokwelapha, udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome izinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kobuhlungu ukusiza ukuphatha izimpawu zakho, ukunciphisa ubuhlungu, nokukunikeza induduzo yengqondo neyomzimba phakathi nalolu hambo olunzima.

Okubalulekile: Ukufunda ngalezi zindlela zokwelapha kanye nemithi kungakwenza uzizwe udidekile kancane. Kodwa-ke, konke lokhu kunqunywa yithimba lakho lezokwelapha. Bazokuchazela konke. Ungesabi ukubabuza noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo.

Iyini isikhathi sokuphila kwabantu abane-plasma cell leukemia (PCL)?

Lesi yisihloko esinzima kakhulu ukukhuluma ngaso. I-Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) iyisifo esinolaka kakhulu, esisakazeka ngokushesha, futhi sivame ukubulala . Abantu abangaphansi kuka-10% abanalo mdlavuza baphila iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu ngemva kokuxilongwa. Ngokuvamile, abantu abane-PCL yokuqala baphila isikhathi eside kancane kunalabo abane-PCL yesibili.

Isikhathi sokuphila sincike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa nobukhulu besifo, uhlobo lokwelashwa olutholayo, kanye nendlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo kulezo zindlela zokwelapha.

Labo abafanelekela ukufakelwa i-stem cell kuthiwa baphila iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine ngokwesilinganiso. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase baphile isikhathi eside nakakhulu. Ucwaningo olulodwa lubike ukuthi isiguli se-PCL sase siphumule iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye ngaphambi kokuba lesi sifo siphinde sibuye.

Namuhla, isikhathi sokuphila salezi ziguli sandiswe ngenani elincane uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka embalwa edlule. Ngisho noma kuyintuthuko encane, kuseyinkinga enkulu. Abacwaningi basasebenza kulokhu ngentshisekelo enkulu.

Ingabe i-plasma cell leukemia (PCL) ingavinjelwa?

Ngeshwa, ayikho indlela yokuvimbela i-plasma cell leukemia (PCL). Ngenxa yokuthi asikwazi ukulawula izinguquko zofuzo ezibangela lokhu, futhi akuvamile kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukutadisha nokuthola izindlela zokukuvimbela. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi bayaqhubeka nokuthola izindlela zokuthola lesi sifo kusenesikhathi.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Uma utholakala unesifo esifana ne-plasma cell leukemia (PCL), kuvamile ukuzizwa ungaqiniseki ngekusasa, futhi ube nemizwa eyahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukwesaba, intukuthelo, ukudabuka, ukukhungatheka, kanye nomuzwa wecala. Akukho lutho olubi ngokuzwa le mizwa. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma ngemizwa yakho nothile. Khuluma nomuntu omethembayo, ilungu lomndeni, umngane, noma udokotela wakho mayelana nezinsizakalo zokusekela. Bangakusiza ukuthi ugcine izinga lakho lempilo ngemuva kokuxilongwa kwakho nangesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uzohlala uxhumene nethimba lakho lezokwelapha phakathi nokwelashwa kwakho. Kodwa-ke, uma uba nezimpawu ezintsha noma uma izimpawu zakho zibonakala ziba zimbi kakhulu, kufanele wazise udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma une-plasma cell leukemia (PCL), ungase ube nemibuzo eminingi. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho:

• Umdlavuza ususabalale kangakanani? (Usuthuthuke kangakanani umdlavuza?)
• Yiziphi izindlela zami zokwelapha?
• Ingabe ngiyafaneleka ukufakelwa i-stem cell?
• Ngingaphila isikhathi esingakanani ngokwelashwa?
• Yiziphi izinsiza ezitholakalayo kimi?

Noma yimuphi umdlavuza uyisenzakalo esishintsha impilo. Kodwa uma unesifo esingavamile nesingathi sína njenge-plasma cell leukemia (PCL), kungaba nesizungu kakhulu futhi kuqede amandla. Ungase uzizwe sengathi akekho oqondayo ukuthi ubhekene nani. Uma kungenzeka, joyina iqembu lokusekelana.. Khona-ke ungahlangana futhi ukhulume nabanye abadlula kokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo nawe. Themba abathandekayo bakho, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha. Bonke bakhona ukukusiza, ukukusekela ekugcineni izinga lempilo yakho ngemva kokuxilongwa kanye nangesikhathi sokwelashwa. Akudingeki ukuthi udlule kulolu hambo wedwa.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

I-Plasma Cell Leukemia (PCL) uhlobo olubi nolungavamile lwe-multiple myeloma. Kulolu hlobo lomdlavuza, amaseli e-plasma angajwayelekile ajikeleza egazini. Izimpawu zingahluka, okuhlanganisa ukukhathala, i-anemia, kanye nobuhlungu bamathambo. Nakuba kucatshangwa ukuthi izinguquko zofuzo ziyimbangela, imbangela eqondile ayaziwa.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi, i-bone marrow biopsy, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-imaging. Izinketho zokwelapha zifaka phakathi i-chemotherapy, i-immunotherapy, ukwelashwa okuqondiwe, kanye nokufakelwa kwe-stem cell.

Nakuba lesi kuyisifo esibi kakhulu, isikhathi sokuphila sikhuphuke kancane ngokwelashwa okusha. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha kusenesikhathi uma unezimpawu, uthole ukwelashwa okufanele, futhi uhlale uqinile engqondweni. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha kanye nabathandekayo bakho bazoba umthombo omkhulu wamandla kuwe kulolu hambo.

I- Leukemia Yamaseli E-Plasma, Umdlavuza, I-Multiple Myeloma, Umdlavuza Wegazi, Umnkantsha Wamathambo, Izimpawu Zomdlavuza, Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza