Ingabe unezinkinga ze-platelet egazini lakho? Ake sifunde ngezinkinga ze-Platelet ngendlela elula!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uthola imihuzuko emzimbeni wakho? Noma kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthi ukopha kume ngemva kokusikeka okuncane? Mhlawumbe izinsini zakho ziphuma igazi njalo? Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungaba uphawu lwenkinga ngama-platelet, uhlobo lweseli elincane egazini lethu. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngokuthi yiziphi lezi zinkinga zama-platelet.

Yiziphi lezi zinkinga zama-platelet?

Kalula nje, izinkinga ze-platelet yizimo ezithinta inani lama-platelet egazini lakho noma indlela asebenza ngayo. Kulungile, manje cishe uyazibuza, "Yini lawa ma-platelet?" Ake sichaze nalokho futhi.

Ayini ama-platelet?

Cabanga ukuthi unenxeba elincane. Ukopha kuyayeka ngemva kwesikhashana, akunjalo? Lawa ma-platelet ayasiza ngalokho. Ama-platelet ayizingcezu ezincane kakhulu zamaseli (njengezingcezu zamaseli) egazini lethu. Akhiqizwa emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo. Uma kwenzeka ukulimala, lawa ma-platelet ayahlangana, avale inxeba futhi amise ukopha. Kufana neplasta yemvelo emzimbeni wethu! Ayanamathelana futhi akhe ihlule legazi. Lena inqubo eyinhloko emisa ukopha.

Ngakho-ke ziyini izinkinga ze-platelet?

Ngakho-ke, ukuphazamiseka kwe-platelet kuyinto engalungile ngala ma-platelet. Lokho kusho ukuthi, inani lama-platelet akho lingase libe phansi, noma libe phezulu, noma noma unenani elifanele lama-platelet, angase angasebenzi kahle. Noma ngabe yikuphi, kungabangela izinkinga zokopha.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezinkinga ze-platelet?

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezinkinga ze-platelet:

1. I-Thrombocytosis: Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani lama-platelet egazini lakho liphezulu kakhulu kunejwayelekile .

2. I-Thrombocytopenia: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho inani lama-platelet egazini lakho liphansi kakhulu kunejwayelekile .

3. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwama-platelet: Lapha, yize inani lama-platelet egazini lakho lijwayelekile, awasebenzi kahle. Kufana nokuba namathayi amane emotweni, kodwa elinye lawo liphambukile.

Esikhathini esiningi, izimpawu zalezi zinkinga ze-platelet azibi zimbi kakhulu. Abanye abantu bangase bangakhombisi ngisho nezimpawu. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi uma ama-platelet ephansi noma engasebenzi kahle, kungase kube nengozi eyengeziwe yokopha. Futhi, uma inani lama-platelet liphezulu kakhulu, kungase kube nengozi eyengeziwe yokwakheka kwama-clot egazi (i-blood clot eyingozi) .

Udokotela wakho angachaza lezi zingozi futhi ancome ukwelashwa okudingekayo ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.

Ziyini lezi zimpawu?

Ezinye zezimpawu ezingabonakala ezinkingeni ze-platelet yilezi:

• Izimpawu zokopha ngaphansi kwesikhumba:
• Imivimbo ivele nje ezindaweni ezithile emzimbeni. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi i-purpura.
• Amabala amancane abomvu, afana ne-pin-point (petechiae) avela esikhumbeni. Lawa ngokuvamile amabala angaluki angaphenduki abe mhlophe ngokwawo.
• Abesifazane bazwa ukopha okukhulu ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini (kuthatha isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile, ukopha kakhulu).
• Ukopha igazi njalo.
• Izinsini eziphuma igazi uma uxubha amazinyo.
• Igazi esithweni sakho (esingaba mnyama) noma igazi emchameni wakho (esingaba bomvu/pinki).
• Ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka, udidekile, noma ubuthakathaka (ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka ukulahleka kwegazi).
• Ngezinye izikhathi, amahlule egazi angavela ngendlela engavamile (ikakhulukazi uma inani lama-platelet liphezulu).

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izizathu?

Izinkinga ze-platelet zingavela ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Ngezinye izikhathi, zingabangelwa esinye isimo sezokwelapha onaso noma imithi oyiphuzayo. Ngezinye izikhathi, zingabangelwa isimo sezakhi zofuzo osizuza kubazali bakho.

Izimbangela zama-platelet aphezulu

Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani ama-platelet anda:

• I-Essential thrombocythemia: Lesi yisimo esingavamile lapho umongo wakho wethambo ukhiqiza ama-platelet amaningi kunalokho okufanele ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo.
• I-Reactive thrombocytosis: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Kwenzeka lapho umzimba ukhiqiza ama-platelet amaningi kakhulu ngenxa yesinye isimo. Isibonelo:
• I-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi.
• Izimo zokuvuvukala emzimbeni (isib. umdlavuza, izifo).
• Ukulimala.
• Eminye imithi.

Izimbangela zama-platelet aphansi

Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani inani lama-platelet akho lingase libe phansi:

• Umzimba awukhiqizi ama-platelet anele: Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yenkinga ngomnkantsha wamathambo.
• Ukubhujiswa kwama-platelet ngenxa yesifo: Isibonelo, ku-`(Izifo ze-Autoimmune)` (izifo zesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba), isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela komzimba sibhubhisa ama-platelet aso. `(I-immune thrombocytopenia - ITP)` yisimo esinjalo.
• Ubende lugcina ama-platelet engeziwe: Ngokuvamile, ubende lugcina cishe ingxenye yesithathu yama-platelet ethu. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izifo, leli nani liyakhula.
• Ezinye izizathu:
• Umdlavuza wegazi (obangelwa ukugcwala komnkantsha ngamangqamuzana omdlavuza).
• Ezinye izifo zegazi, isibonelo `(Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - TPP)` kanye `(Disseminated intravascular coagulation - DIC)`.
• Ukutheleleka okukhulu.
• Eminye imithi kanye nokwelashwa komdlavuza (i-Chemotherapy, i-Radiation therapy).

Izimbangela zokungasebenzi kahle kweplatelet

Ngezinye izikhathi, noma ngabe inani lama-platelet lijwayelekile, kungaba nenkinga ethile ngomsebenzi wawo. Kukhona nezizathu zalokhu:

• Izimo zokuzalwa (zofuzo): Lezi azivamile kakhulu. Izibonelo: `(Bernard Soulier syndrome)`, `(Glanzman thrombasthenia)`, `(Von Willebrand disease)` (ethinta ukusebenza kwamaplatelet kanye nezinye izici ezihilelekile ekuqineni kwegazi), `(Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome)`.
• Izimo ezitholakale: Izifo ezifana nokwehluleka kwezinso, isifo sesibindi, kanye ne-lupus zingathinta indlela ama-platelet asebenza ngayo.
• Imithi: Eminye imithi, ikakhulukazi imithi yokucindezeleka ye-SSRI kanye ne-NSAID, ingaphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-platelet. Eqinisweni, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-platelet okubangelwa imithi kuyimbangela evame kakhulu.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lezi zifo?

Kunezici eziningana ezandisa ingozi yokuthola isifo se-platelet:

• Ubudala: Ezinye izinkinga ze-platelet zingase zenzeke kakhulu emaqenjini athile eminyaka.
• Ubulili: Nakuba noma ubani engaba nayo, abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okubhekana nezimpawu ngesikhathi sokuphuma kwegazi, njengokuya esikhathini nokubeletha.
• Umlando womndeni: Ezinye izifo ze-platelet zofuzo zingadluliselwa kusuka esizukulwaneni kuya kwesinye.
• Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha: Izifo eziningi, njengezifo zokuzivikela komzimba, izifo ezithathelwanayo, izifo zezinso nezesibindi, kanye nomdlavuza, zingabangela izinkinga zama-platelet.
• Ukwelashwa ngomdlavuza: Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe kunganciphisa inani lama-platelet.
• Imithi: Ama-antibiotic kanye neminye imithi yesifo sokuwa ingathinta nama-platelet.
• Indlela Yokuphila: Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile kanye nokusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi kungathinta ukukhiqizwa kwama-platelet egazini.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingavela kulesi simo?

Uma izinkinga ze-platelet zingaphathwa kahle, ezinye izinkinga zingavela:

• Ukopha: Ngisho nesilonda esincane singabangela ukopha okuningi.
• Ukopha okukhulu kokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane (i-Menorrhagia).
• Ukopha kwamathumbu.
• Ezimweni ezifana ne-'essential thrombocytosis', izimo eziyingozi ezifana nokugoba kwegazi emithanjeni yemilenze (deep vein thrombosis) noma ukugoba kwegazi emaphashini (pulmonary embolism) kungenzeka.
• Ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi (ikakhulukazi uma amahlule egazi akheka kalula).

Kodwa khumbula,Ngokusebenza nodokotela nokulandela uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele, eziningi zalezi zinkinga zingagwenywa.

Ukuthola kanjani lokhu? (Ukuxilongwa)

Uma unezimpawu zesifo se-platelet, udokotela uzoqala ngokukuhlola ngokomzimba. Bazokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, imithi oyiphuzayo, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho oye waba nezinkinga ezifanayo. Bazophinde babhale nomlando wezokwelapha. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazokwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola ama-platelet akho.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuyinhloko yile:

• Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC): Lokhu kulinganisa inani lamaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet egazini lakho.
• I-Peripheral blood smear (PBS): Kulolu vivinyo, kuthathwa ithonsi lesampula yakho yegazi bese lihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ama-platelet abukeka ejwayelekile yini nokuthi kukhona yini izinguquko esimweni noma usayizi wawo.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwama-platelet: Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola ukuthi ama-platelet akho akha kahle kangakanani ama-blood clots nokuthi asebenza kahle yini.

Uma lezi zivivinyo ziqinisekisa ukuthi unesifo se-platelet, kungadingeka ukuthi wenze ezinye izivivinyo ukuze uthole ukuthi yini ebangela lokhu. Isibonelo:

• Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wethambo: Kulokhu, kuthathwa isampula encane yomnkantsha wethambo bese kuhlolwa amaseli angajwayelekile (izimpawu zesifo segazi noma umdlavuza).
• Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo: Njengoba ezinye izinkinga zama-platelet zibangelwa izici zofuzo, lokhu kuhlolwa kubheka izinguquko zezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene nazo.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga ze-platelet kuncike embangela. Ezinye izimo zingezesikhashana futhi ziyaxazululeka uma imbangela isihambile. Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo se-platelet esingamahlalakhona (sesikhathi eside), kuzodingeka ubone udokotela we-hematologist bese uthola ukwelashwa ukuze amazinga e-platelet akho aphephe.

Lokhu okulandelayo kungenziwa njengokwelashwa:

• Ukulinda ngokuqapha: Uma izimpawu zakho zingezimbi kakhulu, ungase ungadingi ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Kunalokho, udokotela wakho uzoqapha amazinga e-platelet yakho ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile.
• Imithi: Uma inani lama-platelet akho liphezulu kakhulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenxa yesimo esifana ne-`essential thrombocytosis` noma omunye umdlavuza wegazi (njenge-`(isifo se-myeloproliferative)`), unganikwa imithi yokwehlisa. Ngokufanayo, uma inani lama-platelet akho liphansi, unganikwa imithi yokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwawo noma yokunciphisa ukubhujiswa kwawo.
• Ukuncipha kwama-platelet: Lokhu kwenziwa kaningi kakhulu. Inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-apheresis isusa ama-platelet angaphezulu egazini.
• Ukumpontshelwa kwama-platelet:Uma inani lama-platelet akho liphansi kakhulu (ikakhulukazi uma uphuma igazi), unganikezwa ama-platelet ngaphandle.
• Ukwelashwa nge-plasma / ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma: Lokhu kwelashwa kungadingeka ezimweni zesifo esifana ne-TPP. Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka esikhundleni sengxenye yegazi elahlekile ebizwa ngokuthi (ADAMTS13).

Uphila kanjani nalesi simo? Uzinakekela kanjani?

Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kuzoncika ohlotsheni lwesifo se-platelet onaso kanye nembangela. Ezimweni eziningi, inani lama-platelet akho lizobuyela esimweni esijwayelekile uma imbangela isilashiwe. Noma, isimo sakho singase singabe sisongela ukuphila kuze kube yilapho ulimale. Kuleso simo, kuzodingeka uthathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yokulimala. Uma wenza okuthile okufana nokuhlinzwa, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha kuzodingeka liqaphele ngokukhethekile ukuvimbela ukuphuma kwegazi.

Ezimweni ezibucayi kakhulu, kungadingeka uqhubeke uthatha imithi, welashwe njalo, futhi wenziwe izivivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unama-platelet anele anempilo emzimbeni wakho.

Uma kufanele uphile nesifo se-platelet, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuqonda kahle ukuthi ungayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yokopha noma amahlule egazi ayingozi. Kubalulekile ukwazi lezi zinto:

• Imisebenzi Okufanele Uyigweme: Ezinye izinkinga ze-platelet zingabangela ukopha okukhulu uma ulimala. Ngakho-ke, imisebenzi esengozini enkulu yokulimala (isb., imidlalo yokuxhumana) kufanele igwenywe.
• Indlela yokunakekela inxeba: Uma kunengozi yokopha, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungalicindezela kanjani inxeba ukuze umise ukopha. Udokotela wakho angakufundisa ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu.
• Imithi okufanele uyithathe (nokungafanele uyithathe): Kungase kudingeke uqhubeke uthatha imithi yokulawula ukuphazamiseka kwe-platelet. Kungase kudingeke futhi ugweme imithi ethile (njenge-NSAID njenge-aspirin) ephazamisa ukusebenza kwe-platelet futhi yandise ingozi yokopha.
• Izithasiselo Okufanele Uzigweme: Ezinye izithasiselo zingandisa ingozi yokopha kubantu abanezinkinga ze-platelet. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ziyini lezi.
• Indlela yokuxhumana nodokotela bakho: Uma uhlela ukwenza noma yini engabangela ukopha, kungaba inqubo encane njengokukhishwa kwezinyo noma ukuhlinzwa okukhulu, kufanele wazise odokotela bakho ngakho.

Funa iseluleko ngakho konke lokhu kudokotela wakho we-hematologist noma kudokotela ophethe isimo sakho.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Uma ubona izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwe-platelet, njengokulunywa okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo (ikakhulukazi imivimbo emikhulu kunemali yama-rupee amahlanu ongakhumbuli) , bona udokotela.

Uma unezimpawu zokopha okukhulu (isib. ukopha okungapheli, isiyezi esikhulu, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi) noma izimpawu zokuqhekeka kwegazi (isib. ubuhlungu besifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukungakhululeki engalweni noma emlenzeni - lokhu kungaba izimpawu "zokushaya kwenhliziyo" noma "ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo"), iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma ubona udokotela, ungangabazi ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Isimo sami sibi kangakanani?
• Ingabe lokhu kungelapheka ngokuphelele?
• Hlobo luni lokwelashwa oluzongisiza?
• Kufanele ngihlolwe kangaki amazinga e-platelet ami?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze ngivimbele ukopha okuyingozi noma amahlule egazi?

Umyalezo wokugcina okufanele uwuthathe uye ekhaya

Kunezinto eziningi ezingathinta ama-platelet, futhi ngisho nokwelashwa okuthile kungenza. Ngakho-ke, ungacabangi ukuthi okubi kakhulu uma uthola ukuthi inani lama-platelet akho alijwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela inkinga. Yilapho-ke kuphela lapho uzokwazi khona ukuthi ubhekene nani.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwe-platelet, bona udokotela. Angancoma ukwelashwa okuzosiza ukubuyisela amazinga akho e-platelet esimweni esijwayelekile noma ukuphatha isimo sakho. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlala uphilile ukuvuleleka, ubuze imibuzo, futhi uqonde kahle isimo sakho.

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