Uma uthola inxeba elincane, njengalapho usika isandla sakho ngommese ngenkathi usika imifino, bese ukuphuma kwegazi kuyeka ngemva kwesikhashana, akunjalo? Wake wazibuza ukuthi lokho kwenzeka kanjani? Kuyinqubo emangalisayo ngempela. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngamaqhawe amancane emizimbeni yethu asiza ngalokho. Sibiza laba bantu ngokuthi ama-platelet, noma njengoba besho ngesiNgisi, ama-platelet .
Ngakho-ke ziyini lezi zinhlayiya?
Kalula nje, ama-platelet ayizingcezu ezincane zamaseli egazini lethu. Akuwona amangqamuzana aphelele, kodwa abalulekile emizimbeni yethu. Afana ne-plaster yemvelo emzimbeni wakho. Uma kukhona inxeba endaweni ethile futhi umthambo wegazi wonakele, lawa ma-platelet ayangena ngokushesha futhi asize ekumiseni ukopha.
Cabanga nje, uma uthatha ithonsi legazi lakho, kunamashumi ezinkulungwane zala ma-platelet kulo. Ngakho-ke ungacabanga ukuthi mancane kangakanani lawa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nenani elifanele lala ma-platelet emzimbeni wethu. Uma ephansi , ngisho nesilonda esincane singabangela ukopha okuningi. Futhi, uma ephezulu , ama-blood clots angakheka emithanjeni ngokungadingekile futhi abangele izimo eziyingozi. Ngakho-ke, la ma-platelet kumele alingane ukuze ayeke ukopha futhi avimbele ukwakheka kwama-blood clots angadingeki.
Ama-platelet egazi asebenza kanjani?
Lena inqubo ethakazelisayo kakhulu. Ama-platelet asebenza njengethimba lezokwelapha eziphuthumayo eliqeqeshwe kahle. Lapho nje umthambo wegazi wonakele, leli qembu liqala ukusebenza. Kwezokwelapha, le nqubo siyibiza ngokuthi 'i-hemostasis'. Ake sibone ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.
Cabanga ngembobo enkulu emgwaqweni. Ithimba labasebenzi lizoyilungisa, akunjalo? Yilokho kanye okwenzekayo.
1. Ukunamathela: Okokuqala, ama-platelet, antanta ngokukhululeka egazini, agijimela endaweni lapho umthambo wegazi uqhuma khona bese enamathela odongeni oluphukile. Njengoba nje iqembu labakhi lifika kuqala emgodini emgwaqweni.
2. Ukuqalisa: Okulandelayo, ama-platelet afika lapho "asebenza." Ashintsha isimo sawo, okwenza kube lula ngawo ukunamathela kwamanye ama-platelet. Aphinde akhiphe amakhemikhali. Lawa makhemikhali enza izinto ezimbili. Eyokuqala ukwenza umthambo wegazi owonakele unciphe kancane. Lokhu kusiza ukulawula ukopha kancane. Enye iwukutshela amanye ama-platelet ukuthi, "Kunenkinga lapha, wozani ngokushesha." Kufana nethimba lezisebenzi eliza libeka izivimbelo futhi licela usizo.
3. Ukuhlanganiswa: Manje, ngenxa yaleso siginali, ama-platelet amaningi afika ngokushesha futhi anamathele ndawonye eduze kwesilonda. Ayanamathelana futhi avale imbobo okwesikhashana. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "ipulaki lama-platelet."
Kodwa lokhu kuyisixazululo sesikhashana nje. Kufana nokugcwalisa imbobo emgwaqweni okwesikhashana ngenhlabathi. Kudingeka kwenzeke okunye ukuze kube yinto ehlala njalo.
Yilapho kuqala khona ukujiya kwegazi . Lapho ama-platelet ehlangene khona, olunye uhlobo lweprotheni egazini lethu (izici zokujiya kwegazi) luhlangana ndawonye ukuze lwakhe into ebizwa ngokuthi i-fibrin . Le fibrin ifana ne-mesh eqinile. Le mesh izungeza ama-platelet futhi yakhe i-blood clot eqinile kakhulu, ehlala njalo. Manje ukuphuma kwegazi kuyaphela ngokuphelele.
Akhiwe kuphi la ma-platelet? Atholakalaphi?
Ama-platelet angatholakala ezindaweni ezintathu eziyinhloko emizimbeni yethu.
- Umnkantsha: Umnkantsha wamathambo ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu uyifektri lapho kwenziwa khona amangqamuzana egazi ethu. Kunamangqamuzana amakhulu kakhulu abizwa ngokuthi ama-megakaryocytes . Lawo maseli yiwo enza ama-platelet, okuyizingcezu ezincane ezifakwa egazini. Yingakho ekuqaleni sathi ama-platelet awawona amangqamuzana aphelele, kodwa izingcezu zamaseli.
- Igazi: Uma selibunjiwe, lawa ahamba emzimbeni wethu wonke ngemithambo yegazi. Ama-platelet ayingxenye elula kakhulu yegazi. Yingakho ehamba eduze kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi. Ngaleyo ndlela, kulula ngawo ukufika lapho ngokushesha uma kukhona ukulimala endaweni ethile.
- Ubende: Ubende luyisitho esitholakala ohlangothini olungaphezulu kwesobunxele lwesisu sakho. Lugcina cishe ingxenye yesithathu yama-platelet akhiqizwa emzimbeni wethu. Luphinde lususe ama-platelet amadala nawonakele.
Mangaki ama-platelet okufanele abe segazini ngokujwayelekile?
Umuntu ophilile unama-platelet aphakathi kuka -150,000 no- 450,000 nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi. Lona ububanzi obujwayelekile. Isikhathi sokuphila se-platelet siyizinsuku ezingu-7-10 kuphela. Ngakho-ke imizimba yethu ihlala ikhiqiza ama-platelet amasha. Kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezintathu ukuthi kwenziwe i-platelet entsha.
Ama-platelet abizwa ngokuthi "ama-platelet" ngoba akhiwe njengama-plate. Uma esebenza, anweba imicu efana nemilenze yesicabucabu futhi axhumane namanye ama-platelet ukuze avale inxeba.
Izifo ezinkulu ezihambisana nama-platelet
Ngokuvamile, izinkinga ngama-platelet zenzeka ngenxa yokwehla noma ukwanda kwenani lawo. Ake sihlukanise lezi zimo ezimbili ngokwehlukana.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-Thrombocytopenia | Lesi yisimo lapho inani lama-platelet egazini lehla khona . Lesi simo singase senzeke uma ukukhiqizwa kwama-platelet emzimbeni kwehla noma uma ama-platelet akhiqizwayo ebhujiswa ngokushesha okukhulu. Ingozi enkulu lapha ukopha . |
| I-Thrombocytosis | Lokhu ukwanda kwenani lama-platelet egazini . Ama-platelet angakhiqizwa kakhulu ngenxa yenkinga emnkantsheni wethambo. Noma anganda ngenxa yesinye isimo sezokwelapha. Ingozi enkulu lapha ukujiya kwegazi okungadingekile . |
Ziyini izimpawu zenkinga yama-platelet?
Uma kukhona ushintsho ekubalweni kwama-platelet akho, ungase ube nesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo. Uma uqhubeka nokuba nanoma yisiphi salezi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Amabala esikhumba kanye nemivimbo | Ukuvela kwamabala abomvu ansomi esikhumbeni (purpura, petechiae). Ngisho neqhubu elincane lingaphenduka libe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. |
| Ukopha njalo | Ukopha kwamakhala njalo (epistaxis) noma ukopha kwezinsini lapho uxubha amazinyo akho. |
| Igazi esitulweni noma emchameni | Igazi endle noma emchameni obomvu/onsundu. |
| Ukuya esikhathini okukhulu kwabesifazane | Ukopha esikhathini okuhlala isikhathi eside noma okunzima kunokujwayelekile (i-menorrhagia). |
| Ukuvuvukala kwe-spleen | Ukuzwa isisindo noma ubuhlungu engxenyeni engenhla kwesobunxele yesisu (i-splenomegaly). |
| Ukuba ndikindiki emilenzeni | Ukuzwa ukuqaqamba ezandleni nasezinyaweni (i-paresthesia). |
| Ezinye izici | Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze (i-edema), ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, isiyezi, ubuhlungu bomzimba. |
Uhlola kanjani impilo yama-platelet?
Uma unezimpawu ezingenhla, udokotela wakho angase enze izivivinyo ezithile ukuze ahlole ama-platelet akho.
- Ukubalwa Kwegazi Okuphelele (i-CBC): Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile kakhulu. Kukala inani lamaseli abomvu, amaseli amhlophe, nama-platelet egazini lakho. Kungabona ukuthi ama-platelet akho aphansi, aphezulu, noma ajwayelekile.
- Ukuskena Kwegazi Okungajwayelekile (PBS): Lapha, kuthathwa ithonsi legazi lakho bese libhekwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kungabona ukuthi ukuma nobukhulu bama-platelet akujwayelekile yini.
- Ukuhlolwa kokujiya kwegazi: Kukhona nokuhlolwa okubheka ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi igazi lakho lijiye.
- Ukuhlolwa Komnkantsha Wamathambo: Kwezinye izimo, kungadingeka ukuhlola umnkantsha wamathambo, okuyifektri lapho kwenziwa khona ama-platelet. Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza umuthi wokubulala izinzwa olula kanye nokuthatha isampula encane yomnkantsha wamathambo ethanjeni lenqulu.
- Ukuhlolwa kofuzo: Ezinye izinkinga zama-platelet zingabangelwa ukukhubazeka kofuzo okuzuzwe njengefa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, lokhu kuhlolwa kungadingeka.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izifo ze-platelet?
Ukwelashwa kuncike esimweni sakho (ama-platelet aphansi noma aphezulu) kanye nembangela yaso.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi noma yikuphi kwalokhu kwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngaphansi kweseluleko sikadokotela. Gwema ukuthatha imithi wedwa.
- Imithi:Uma inani lama-platelet liphezulu, imithi inganikezwa ukulawula ukukhiqizwa kwawo. Uma inani lama-platelet eliphansi libangelwa esinye isimo, njengesifo sokuzivikela komzimba, ukwelapha leso simo kungasiza futhi inani lama-platelet libuyele esimweni esijwayelekile.
- Ukumpontshelwa Ama-platelet: Kumuntu onenani eliphansi kakhulu lama-platelet kanye nengozi ephezulu yokopha, ama-platelet atholakala emithonjeni yangaphandle angafakwa emzimbeni ngesisombululo sikasawoti.
- Ukususwa kwe-splenectomy: Ngezinye izikhathi i-spleen yonakaliswa ama-platelet amaningi kakhulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingaphumeleli, odokotela bangase banqume ukususa i-spleen ngokuhlinzwa.
- I-Plateletpheresis: Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha abantu abanezibalo eziphezulu kakhulu zama-platelet. Igazi lakho lixhunywe emshinini okhethekile, osusa ama-platelet angaphezulu, bese ubuyisela igazi elisele emzimbeni wakho.
Uzigcina kanjani ama-platelet akho ephilile?
Uma unesifo se-platelet, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo ngokuvamile nakho kuhle empilweni ye-platelet.
- Nciphisa utshwala.
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele.
- Gwema ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali anobuthi.
- Nciphisa ingozi yokulimala.
Uma ungakwazi, unganikela ngama-platelet kanye negazi . Leso futhi yisenzo esibaluleke kakhulu somusa. Lawa ma-platelet asiza ekusindiseni izimpilo, njengalabo abanomdlavuza noma labo abalimele kakhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-platelet ayingxenyana encane, kodwa ebalulekile yomzimba wethu evimba ukopha.
- Ukwehla kwenani labo (thrombocytopenia) kwandisa ingozi yokopha, kuyilapho ukwanda kwenani labo (thrombocytosis) kwandisa ingozi yokujiya kwegazi okungadingekile.
- Uma unezibazi ezingachazeki, ukopha ekhaleni njalo, noma izinsini eziphuma igazi, kubalulekile ukukunaka lokho bese ukhuluma nodokotela.
- Ungalokothi ungazinaki izimpawu. Ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha kungavimbela izimo ezingathi sína.
- Ukulandela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho nokuphila ngendlela enempilo kuzosiza ekugcineni impilo yama-platelet akho.
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