Ingabe amaphaphu akho avuvukele? Lokhu kungaba yi-pneumonia!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa uphelelwa umoya? Noma uzizwa umuzwa ongavamile, obuhlungu esifubeni sakho? Mhlawumbe kuqale njengomkhuhlane, kodwa usenenkinga yokuphefumula? Uma kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uqaphele lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-pneumonitis", esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla. Ungakhathazeki, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Kuyini i-pneumonia? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, i-pneumonitis yisimo lapho amasaka amancane omoya (abizwa ngokuthi i-alveoli) emaphashini akho evuvukala, noma evuvukala, ngenxa yesinye isizathu, kunokuba kube ukutheleleka . Cabanga ngakho, njengoba nje lapho sithola ukulimala, into efana nalokhu ingenzeka emaphashini ethu. Lokhu kuvuvukala kungenza kube nzima ngawe ukuphefumula kahle, futhi kungabangela nezinye izinkinga emzimbeni wakho.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-pneumonia:

• Isimo esibuhlungu: Kulesi simo, ukuvuvukala kwenzeka ngokuzumayo futhi kuphele ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane.
• Isigaba se-subacute: Lapha, ukuvuvukala kukhula kancane kancane.
• Isimo esingamahlalakhona: Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu. Ukuvuvukala kuhlala isikhathi eside, futhi kungase kube yinto engapheli.

Ingabe i-pneumonia iyisimo esiyingozi?

Yebo, i-pneumonia yisimo esidinga ukuthathwa ngokungathi sína . Ngoba ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezintweni ezibangela lokhu kungabangela umonakalo ongapheli emaphashini akho. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-pneumonia?

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-pneumonia kuye ngembangela. Ake sibheke ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko:

• I-Acute Interstitial Pneumonitis: Lokhu kuqala ngokuzumayo futhi izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu ngokushesha okukhulu. Odokotela abasazi imbangela eqondile.
• I-Chemical Pneumonitis: Lokhu kubangelwa ukuphefumula amakhemikhali (`(ama-inhalants)`) esiwasebenzisa nsuku zonke, noma esiwabona emsebenzini. Isibonelo, amakhemikhali asetshenziswa kwezinye izivivinyo, igesi ye-chlorine, izibulala-zinambuzane, uphethiloli, kanye nentuthu.
• I-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Lokhu kufana nokungezwani komzimba. Kubangelwa ukuphefumula ama-antigen, njengebhaktheriya, uthuli, isikhunta, kanye nezinhlayiya ezincane (i-dander) ezivela esikhumbeni sesilwane, uboya, noma izimpaphe.
• I-Pneumonitis Yokushiswa Kwemisebe:Lesi simo singase senzeke ngemva kokwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-pneumonia?

Ezigabeni zokuqala, izimpawu ze-pneumonia zingase zifane nezomkhuhlane ovamile. Lezi zimpawu zifaka:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea). Ungase uzizwe uphelelwa umoya kancane.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Ukukhwehlela okomile okungenamafinyila.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kungase kuvele ezinye izimpawu:

• Ukukhathala.
• Imfiva.
• Ukubomvu kwesikhumba.
• Ukujuluka.

Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka i-pneumonia engapheli, izimpawu ezinjengalezi zingabonakala:

• Ukuphefumula okufushane, okungajulile.
• Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-Cyanosis). Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umzimba ungatholi umoya-mpilo owanele.
• Ukwehlisa isisindo ngokungahlosile.

Ziyini izimbangela ze-pneumonia?

Kunezimbangela eziningi ezingaba khona ze-pneumonia. Ake sibheke ezinye zezimbangela ezivame kakhulu:

• Izilwane: Ama-allergen atholakala eboyeni bezilwane, ezimpapheni nasesikhumbeni angabangela ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu. Abantu abasebenza emapulazini, kanye nodokotela bezilwane kanye nabagcini bezilwane, basengozini.
• Amabhaktheriya: Ezinye izinhlobo zamabhaktheriya, ikakhulukazi lawo atholakala ezindaweni lapho umswakama uqongelela khona, njengezinhlelo zokupholisa umoya, izinto zomswakama, kanye nama-hot tub, angakhula futhi angene emoyeni esiwuphefumulayo.
• Imithi nemithi: Eminye imithi ingabangela lokhu. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-aspirin, eminye imithi elwa namagciwane (isb., ama-sulfonamides, i-nitrofurantoin), eminye imithi yenhliziyo (isb., i-amiodarone), kanye nemithi ye-chemotherapy.
• Isikhunta: Lesi simo singabangelwa futhi ukuphefumula isikhunta esikhula ezintweni ezifana notshani, okusanhlamvu okomile, ushizi, amakhowe, kanye nezihlahla zomoba. Lezi sikhunta zingatholakala ezindlini ezindala, ezimanzi nasezindaweni lapho izincwadi zinqwabelana khona.
• Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe: Lesi simo singavela ngemva kokwelashwa ngemisebe okunikezwe umzimba wonke noma indawo yesifuba ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, njengomdlavuza webele nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ingabe le pneumonia iyathelelana?

Cha, i-pneumonia ayisona isifo esithathelwanayo . Kodwa-ke, amanye amagciwane noma amabhaktheriya abangela lokhu angasakazeka kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye. Kodwa-ke, ukuvuvukala okwenzeka emaphashini akuthelelani.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola i-pneumonia?

Noma ubani angathola i-pneumonia, kodwa usengozini enkulu kancane uma usebenza ezindaweni ezilandelayo:

• Abantu abasebenza nezilwane (abalimi, odokotela bezilwane, abagcini bezilwane, abathengisi bezilwane).
• Abantu abasebenza emapulazini aphatha izibulala-zinambuzane noma okusanhlamvu okukhuntile kanye notshani.
• Abantu abasebenza ezigayweni zikafulawa, emafektri ephepha, kanye nasezigayweni zokusaha.

Futhi, uma usebenzisa umshini wokushisa umoya ekhaya noma uchitha isikhathi kumabhavu ashisayo, uma engahlanzwa kahle, isikhunta namagciwane kungakhula futhi ukuphefumula umusi ovela kuwo kwandisa ingozi yokuthola i-pneumonia.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-pneumonia?

Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezimbangela ze-pneumonia kungaholela ekulimaleni okukhulu kwamaphaphu, okungenakuguqulwa . Okuyinhloko yile:

• I-Pulmonary Fibrosis: Lesi yisimo lapho amaphaphu eba nezibazi futhi kancane kancane abe makhulu. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuphefumula futhi kungaholela ngisho nasekufeni.
• Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme Emaphashini: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umfutho wegazi (umfutho wegazi ophakeme) emithanjeni yegazi (imithambo yegazi yamaphaphu) ethwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni yakho liye emaphashini akho ukhuphuka.

Khumbula: Lezi zinkinga zingaba yingozi empilweni, yingakho kubalulekile ukuxilonga nokwelapha lesi sifo kusenesikhathi.

Itholakala kanjani i-pneumonia?

Udokotela angakwazi ukuxilonga i-pneumonia. Uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho, athathe umlando wakho wezokwelapha, futhi alalele amaphaphu akho nge-stethoscope (`(auscultation)`). Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangenza ezinye izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ngalokhu?

Ukuqinisekisa i-pneumonia, udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi Lokungezwani Nomzimba: Kuthathwa isampula yegazi lakho bese lihlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi liyasabela yini ezintweni ezithile ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Unikezwa umuthi wokudambisa bese kufakwa ithuluzi elincane neliguquguqukayo (i-bronchoscope) elinekhamera ngomlomo noma ekhaleni lakho ukuze kuhlolwe amaphaphu akho.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okungenabuhlungu. Kungenziwa i-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwamaphaphu: Inqubo yokuhlinzwa yokususa amasampula amancane ezicutshini emaphashini ukuze kuhlolwe.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwamaphaphu: Lokhu kukala inani lokuphefumula okuthathayo ngomzuzu (isilinganiso sokuphefumula), inani lomoya ongena futhi ophuma emaphashini akho.
• I-Pulse Oximetry (I-Pulse Ox):Idivayisi encane enamathela emunweni wakho ilinganisa inani lomoya-mpilo egazini lakho.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-pneumonia?

Uma une-pneumonia, ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu ukugwema izinto ezibangela lokhu . Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wakho angase ancome imithi noma ukwelashwa okufana nalokhu:

• Ama-Corticosteroids noma ama-immunosuppressants: Le mithi inciphisa ukuvuvukala emaphashini. Isibonelo, imithi efana ne-`(prednisone)`, `(mycophenolate)`, noma `(azathioprine)` inganikezwa.
• Imithi yokulwa ne-fibrotic: Le mithi inciphisa ukwakheka kwezibazi emaphashini. Imithi efana ne-`(pirfenidone)` noma i-`(nintedanib)` inganikezwa.
• Ukuvuselelwa Kwemiphunga: Kulokhu, usebenzisana nodokotela ukudala uhlelo lokuzivocavoca ukuze wandise amandla amaphaphu akho.
• Ukwelashwa Nge-Oxygen: Lokhu kusiza ekuhlinzekeni nge-oxygen emzimbeni lapho ukuphefumula kunzima. I-oxygen inganikezwa ngaso sonke isikhathi, noma ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela, njengasekuvivinyweni noma lapho ulele.
• Ukufakelwa Amaphaphu: Uma i-pneumonia iba nzima futhi iqhubekela ezimweni ezifana ne-pulmonary fibrosis, odokotela bangase batuse ukususa iphaphu elilodwa noma womabili alimele bese ufaka iphaphu eliphilile.

Ngizozizwa ngingcono ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokwelashwa?

Kuncike kakhulu embangweni we-pneumonia yakho nokuthi inzima kangakanani. Kungathatha izinyanga eziningana ukuthi amaphaphu akho alulame. Kwezinye izimo, umonakalo emaphashini akho ungaba unomphela .

Ingabe i-Pneumonitis ingavinjelwa?

Yebo, indlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola i-pneumonia ukugwema izinto ezibangela ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu ngangokunokwenzeka . Uma kufanele uvezwe ezintweni ezinjalo, ungenza lezi zinto:

• Gqoka Izinto Zokuzivikela Zomuntu Siqu (i-PPE) , ikakhulukazi imaski yohlobo lwe-N95, ukuze uvimbele ukuphefumula izinhlayiya eziyingozi emoyeni.
• Hlanza futhi ubulale amagciwane ezintweni ezifana nezinhlelo zokupholisa umoya, ama-hot tub, kanye nama-humidifier njalo .
• Hlanza amakhaphethi nama-tape njalo nge-vacuum cleaner ukuze ususe uthuli noboya bezilwane.
• Ukusebenzisa isihlungi somoya osebenza kahle kakhulu (i-HEPA) ekhaya kungasiza ekususeni izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba emoyeni.

Kwenzekani uma une-pneumonia?

Uma itholakale kusenesikhathi futhi yelashwa kahle, i-pneumonia ingabuyiselwa emuva kakhulu. Uma une-pneumonia ebukhali, izimpawu zakho zingase ziphele zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva kokususa imbangela endaweni okuyo.

Izimo ze-subacute zivame ukubangelwa ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emazingeni aphansi ezinto eziyingozi. Izimpawu zingase zihlale izinyanga eziningana futhi zidinga ukwelashwa.

Kodwa-ke, umonakalo obangelwa yi-pneumonia engapheli uvame ukuba ngowaphakade . Kodwa-ke, imithi kanye nokwelashwa kunganciphisa ubukhulu bezimpawu.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Pneumonitis ne-Pneumonia?

Lokhu kuyinto edida abantu abaningi. Ake sibone ukuthi umehluko uyini phakathi kwalokhu okubili:

• I-Pneumonitis: Lokhu ukuvuvukala kwezicubu zamaphaphu ngaphandle kokutheleleka . Lokhu kuvuvukala kuthinta izindonga ze-alveoli, kodwa akukho ukunqwabelana koketshezi noma ubomvu. I-Pneumonitis ibangela ukukhwehlela okomile .
• I-pneumonia: Lokhu kungukutheleleka kwamaphaphu okubangelwa yibhaktheriya, igciwane, noma isikhunta . Lokhu futhi uhlobo lwe-pneumonia, kodwa kulokhu, kanye nokuvuvukala, uketshezi noma ubomvu kuyaqoqana ezicutshini zamaphaphu. Lokhu kungabangela ukukhwehlela okukhiqiza i-phlegm ephuzi, eluhlaza, noma enegazi (ukukhwehlela okumanzi) .

Okokugcina, izinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Pneumonitis ukuvuvukala kwezicubu zamaphaphu. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezintweni eziyibangela kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu wamaphaphu. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu . Lokhu kungavimbela umonakalo ongenakulungiseka. Udokotela wakho angenza izivivinyo, anqume ubukhulu besimo sakho, futhi akusize unciphise izimpawu zakho futhi kwenze kube lula ukuphefumula.

Uma uthola ukuthi une-pneumonia, ungakhohlwa ukugwema izinto ezibangela lokhu, uphuze imithi oyinikezwe udokotela, futhi wenze izivivinyo zokuphefumula njengoba udokotela wakho ekutshela. Buza udokotela wakho ngalezi zinto:

• Kungani ngithole i-pneumonia?
• Ingabe nginesifo esibi noma esingamahlalakhona?
• Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokuziqhelelanisa nezinto ezibangela lokhu?
• Ingabe amaphaphu ami onakele unomphela?
• Hlobo luni lomuthi oluncomayo?
• Kuzongithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ngizizwe ngingcono?
• Kufanele ngibuye nini ukuzohlolwa?
• Ingabe kufanele ngibone udokotela wezifo zamaphaphu?

Uma uzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukuphefumula, iya esibhedlela esiseduze noma ushayele inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha .

I- Pneumonitis, i-Pneumonitis, Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu, Ubunzima bokuphefumula, Isifo sokuphefumula, Ukungezwani komzimba, Isifo samaphaphu