Sonke siyazi ngezitho ezinkulu emzimbeni wethu. Sihlala sikhuluma ngezinto ezifana nenhliziyo, amaphaphu, izinso, nesibindi. Kodwa kungakanani esikwaziyo ngezingxenye ezincane, kodwa ezinamandla kakhulu ngaphakathi kobuchopho ezilawula konke lokhu, ezilawula umzimba wethu wonke? Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yobuchopho, naphezu kwegama layo elincane, eyenza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile ezimpilweni zethu buthule. Le ngxenye siyibiza ngokuthi ama-pons .
Kalula nje, iyini le Pons?
Cabanga ngobuchopho bakho njengomuzi omkhulu. Kumelwe kube nemigwaqo namabhuloho okuthutha ulwazi oluya nokubuya engxenyeni ngayinye yalo muzi. Ngokufanayo, ama-pons ayibhuloho elikhulu elidlulisela ulwazi phakathi kwengxenye engenhla yobuchopho bakho kanye nomgogodla ongaphansi kwawo. Eqinisweni, igama lesiLatini elithi 'pons' lisho 'ibhuloho'.
Itholakala engxenyeni yesibili kuya kwengezansi yesiqu sethu sobuchopho. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, ngaphezu nje kwe-medulla oblongata. Le ngxenye encane isebenza njengesikhungo esikhulu esisiza ukuthwala izimpawu ezivela engxenyeni engenhla yobuchopho bethu ziye ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zomzimba wethu, kanye nezimpawu ezivela emzimbeni ziye ebuchosheni.
Futhi, kukhona inethiwekhi ekhethekile yezinzwa ezixhunywe ngqo ebuchosheni bethu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'i-Cranial Nerves' . Ama-pons asebenza futhi njengendawo enkulu yokuhlangana futhi ayeke eziningana zalezi zinzwa. Ngakho-ke, inokuxhumana nezinto eziningi ezifana nokubukeka kobuso bethu, ukunyakaza kwamehlo, ukuzwa, kanye nokulinganisela.
Yimiphi imisebenzi eyinhloko yama-pons?
Leli bhuloho elincane lenza umsebenzi omningi. Njengendawo enkulu yokushintshana emgwaqweni omkhulu, libalulekile ekudlulisweni kwezimpawu ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa. Ama-pons aqukethe namakhemikhali akhethekile amaningana, abizwa ngokuthi ama-neurotransmitters , asiza kulokhu kudluliselwa kwezimpawu. Lawa abaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni ukulala kwethu.
Ithebula elingezansi libonisa imisebenzi eyinhloko yama-pons.
| Umsebenzi oyinhloko | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukulawula ukulala nokuvuka | Lokhu kusiza ukulawula umjikelezo wethu wokulala. Ama-pons anquma ukuthi umzimba wethu kufanele uqaphe kangakanani lapho sivuka ekuseni. Kuphinde kuhileleke esigabeni sokulala se-REM, lapho siphupha khona. |
| Ukuphathwa kwesignali yobuhlungu | Ama-pons alawula indlela yezibonakaliso zobuhlungu ezivela noma kuphi emzimbeni wethu ngaphansi kwentamo kuya ebuchosheni, futhi alawula lezo zibonakaliso. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuthinta nobukhulu bobuhlungu esibuzwayo. |
| Ukusebenza ngokubambisana nezinye izingxenye zobuchopho | Ama-pons awasebenzi wodwa. Asebenza eduze ne-cerebellum, elawula ibhalansi nokunyakaza kwemizimba yethu. Asebenza futhi ngokubambisana nezinye izingxenye ze-brainstem, ezilawula ukuphefumula kwethu okungazikhetheli. |
Ubudlelwano nezinzwa zekhanda ezixhumene ngqo nobuchopho
Kunezimbili zezinzwa ezinkulu ezixhuma ngqo ebuchosheni bethu futhi zilawula imisebenzi yobuso, ikhanda, nentamo. Lezi yizo esizibiza ngokuthi i-Cranial Nerves. Izimpande eziyinhloko (i-nuclei) zezine zalezi eziyi-12 zitholakala ngaphakathi kwama-pons. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-pons afana nehhovisi elikhulu lalezi zinzwa ezine.
| Igama Lemizwa | Umsebenzi oyinhloko walo |
|---|---|
| I-Trigeminal nerve (i-Trigeminal nerve - V) | Lo mthambo uthumela imiyalezo ebuchosheni bakho mayelana nokuthinta, ubuhlungu, kanye nokushisa kobuso bakho. Uphinde ulawule imisipha esebenza lapho sihlafuna ukudla. |
| I-Abducens nerve (i-Abducens nerve - VI) | Lo mthambo ulawula imisipha esisiza siphendule amehlo ethu kusukela kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye (ngaphandle). Uma wonakele, singabona kabili (diplopia) . |
| Inzwa yobuso (Inzwa yobuso - VII) | Lo mzwelo ulawula zonke izimo zobuso, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siyahleka, siyakhala, noma simangele. Akukhona lokho kuphela, futhi kusiza ingaphambili lolimi lwethu ukunambitha. |
| I-Vestibulocochlear nerve (i-Vestibulocochlear nerve - VIII) | Inezingxenye ezimbili. Ingxenye ye-vestibular ilawula ibhalansi yomzimba wethu. Ingxenye ye-cochlear isinika ikhono lokuzwa imisindo . |
Indawo, ukubukeka, kanye nosayizi wama-pons
Indawo: Lokhu kutholakala phansi kwekhanda lethu, njengenye yezingxenye eziphansi kakhulu zobuchopho.
Ukubukeka: Kubukeka njengesiqu phezulu kwembali yekhabishi. Kunombala okhanyayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe.
Usayizi: Lokhu akukukhulu njengoba ungase ucabange.
- Ukuphakama: Cishe yi-intshi eli-1 (amamilimitha angu-27).
- Ububanzi: Cishe amasentimitha angu-1.5 (amamilimitha angu-38).
- Ukujula: Cishe i-intshi eli-1 (amamilimitha angu-25).
Zenziwe ngani lezi ziponi?
Njengayo yonke ingxenye yobuchopho bethu, ama-pons akhiwe ngokuyinhloko ngezinhlobo zamaseli ezinzwa. Lawa angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko.
1. Ama-Neuron
Lawa ngamaseli asebenzayo ayinhloko ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa. Lawa maseli athumela futhi amukele izimpawu zikagesi nezamakhemikhali. Kunezingxenye eziningana eziyinhloko ze-neuron:
- Umzimba weseli: Lena yingxenye eyinhloko yeseli.
- I-Axon: Ingxenye ende, efana nengalo esukela emzimbeni weseli. Isetshenziselwa ukuthwala izimpawu kwamanye amaseli.
- Ama-dendrite: Izakhiwo ezincane, ezinamagatsha ezinwebeka njengamagatsha esihlahla. Lezi zakhiwo zithola izimpawu ezivela kwamanye ama-neuron.
- I-Myelin: Igobolondo lamafutha elivikelayo elizungeze i-axon. Lokhu kusiza izimpawu ukuthi zihambe ngokushesha.
2. Amaseli e-Glial
Laba bafana nethimba labasebenzi abasekelayo abasiza ama-neuron. Nakuba bengathumeli izimpawu, la maseli asiza ukugcina ama-neuron ephilile, awavikele, awondle, futhi awavikele ekuthelelekeni. Eqinisweni, kunama-glial cells angaphezu kweshumi kunama-neuron ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa.
Yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha ezivamile ezingathinta ama-pons?
Njenganoma yisiphi isifo esithinta ubuchopho, ama-pons angathinteka yizifo ezahlukahlukene ngoba atholakala endaweni ebucayi kakhulu futhi ebaluleke kakhulu.
- Isifo sohlangothi: Umonakalo obangelwa ukuvaleka noma ukuqhekeka komthambo wegazi ohlinzeka ngegazi kuma-pons.
- Izimila zobuchopho: Izimila, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zinomdlavuza noma azinawo umdlavuza, zingavela ngaphakathi noma eduze kwazo.
- Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu: Ukulimala ekhanda ngenxa yezingozi nakho kungalimaza ama-pons.
- I-Multiple sclerosis: Isifo sesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esilimaza i-myelin emboze imizwa.
- I-Central pontine myelinolysis: Isimo esibi esibangelwa ukulimala kwe-myelin sheath kuma-pons ngenxa yokulungiswa okusheshayo kwamazinga e-sodium emzimbeni.
- I-Locked-in syndrome: Isimo esidabukisayo kakhulu esibangelwa umonakalo omkhulu kuma-pons. Kulesi simo, isiguli siyaphaphama kodwa asikwazi ukuhambisa noma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba ngaphandle kwamehlo.
- Ukutheleleka: Ukutheleleka okufana namagciwane namagciwane kungathinta ama-pons ngokusabalala ebuchosheni.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ofanelekayo ngokushesha okukhulu uma usola isimo esinjengalesi, ngoba isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu ezindabeni ezihlobene nobuchopho.
Izimpawu ezingase zivele uma kunenkinga ngama-pons
Izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yama-pons eyonakele, ngoba njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, yenza imisebenzi ehlukene.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Ataxia | Ukuthuthumela komzimba okungalawuleki ngenkathi uhamba futhi uhamba. |
| I-Diplopia | Ukubona okubili nokubili. |
| I-Vertigo | Isiyezi esikhulu, uzizwa sengathi wena noma indawo okuzungezile iyajikeleza. |
| I-Nystagmus | Ukunyakaza okusheshayo nokungalawuleki kwamehlo kusuka ohlangothini olulodwa kuya kolunye noma phezulu naphansi. |
| Ukukhubazeka kobuso noma komzimba | Ukuba ndikindiki noma ukuqaqamba engxenyeni yobuso noma ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba. |
| I-tinnitus | Ukuzwa umsindo oqhubekayo ofana 'nokukhala' ngaphakathi ezindlebeni. |
| Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa (Ukungezwa) | Ukwehla noma ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa ngokuzumayo noma kancane kancane. |
Ukuhlolwa okuhlola impilo yama-pons
Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, udokotela wakho angase akuhlole futhi akuthumelele izivivinyo ezahlukene ukuze athole imbangela yokugula kwakho.
- Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kwesimiso sezinzwa: Udokotela uzohlola izinto ezifana nokulinganisela kwakho, ukunyakaza kwamehlo, kanye nokusebenza kwemisipha yobuso.
- I-MRI scan: Lena yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola izithombe ezicacile zobuchopho nama-pons.
- I-CT scan: Lokhu kungathatha nezithombe zobuchopho, ikakhulukazi ezimweni eziphuthumayo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kusiza ekutholeni izifo, izinkinga zesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba, noma ubuthi emzimbeni.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-EEG: Ukuhlolwa okulinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wobuchopho.
- Ukuhlolwa kofuzo: Uma usola ukuthi ezinye izifo ezingavamile zidluliselwa ngofuzo, ungathunyelwa kulolu vivinyo.
Izinkinga ezisemaphonsini ziphathwa kanjani?
Akukho ukwelashwa okukodwa okuqondile kwalokhu. Ukwelashwa kuncike ngokuphelele embangela yesifo.
- Uma umuntu ekhubazekile, ukwelashwa kunikezwa ukuze kuncibilikiswe noma kususwe ihlule legazi.
- Uma kuyisifo somdlavuza wobuchopho, kungadingeka ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, noma ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, kuye ngohlobo.
- Uma kukhona ukutheleleka, kuzonikezwa ama-antibiotic noma eminye imithi yokwelapha.
- Esimweni esifana ne-multiple sclerosis, kungase kudingeke ukuthi uthathe imithi yokulawula lesi sifo impilo yakho yonke.
- Kwezinye izimo ezingelapheki, ukwelashwa okufana nokwelashwa nge-physiotherapy kunikezwa ukulawula izimpawu nokugcina ikhwalithi yempilo yesiguli.
Yini esingayenza ukuze sivikele impilo yama-pons?
Asikwazi ukuvimbela ezinye izifo ezithinta ama-pons, njengezifo zofuzo. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi yethu.
- Yidla ukudla okunomsoco: Ukudla okucebile ngamavithamini nezakhamzimba kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yesimiso sakho sezinzwa.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo nokuzivocavoca: Lezi zinto zingasiza ekulawuleni izifo ezandisa ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi, njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela kanye ne-cholesterol.
- Gqoka imishini yokuphepha: Uma ugibela amabhayisikili, izithuthuthu, noma wenza umsebenzi oyingozi, qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka isigqoko sekhanda esivikelayo njengesigqoko sokuzivikela. Ukulimala ekhanda kungaba yingozi empilweni.
- Phatha izifo zakho ezingamahlalakhona ngendlela efanele: Uma unezifo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme nesifo sikashukela, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho bese uthatha imithi oyinikeziwe . Uma lokhu kungalawulwa, ukulimala kobuchopho kungaba kubi kakhulu.
Ekugcineni, ama-pons ayingxenye encane, kodwa enamandla, futhi ebalulekile yomzimba wethu. Ngisho noma singase singazi ngakho, leli bhuloho elincane lisebenza buthule ngokuphefumula ngakunye esikuthathayo, umzuzwana ngamunye lapho silala, futhi umzuzu ngamunye lapho sigcina ibhalansi yomzimba wethu. Ngakho-ke, ukunakekela impilo yethu yonke yobuchopho kuyindlela enhle yokuvikela le ngxenye encane.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-pons ayingxenye encane yesistimu yethu yobuchopho elawula izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu njengokuphefumula, ukulala, ukulinganisela, kanye nokunyakaza kobuso.
- Ukulimala kwalokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezinkulu ezifana nokungazweli kobuso, ukubona kabili, ubunzima bokuhamba, kanye nesiyezi.
- Uma wena noma othile omaziyo eba nezimpawu ezinjengalezi ngokuzumayo, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha, ngoba kungaba uphawu lwesifo sohlangothi.
- Ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, ukuvikelwa ekulimaleni ekhanda, kanye nokuphathwa kahle kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona (umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela) kungavikela impilo yobuchopho bonke, okuhlanganisa nama-pons.
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