Ingabe nawe uzizwa udangele futhi ukhathazekile ngemva kokuthola umntwana? Ake sixoxe ngokucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha

Ukuba nomntwana kuyinguquko enkulu empilweni yakho. Nakuba ukuba ngumama noma ubaba kuyinto enhle kakhulu, kungaba yinto eqeda amandla ngezinye izikhathi. Kuvamile ukuba nokwesaba nokungabaza, ikakhulukazi uma kungokokuqala ngqa. Kodwa uma uhlala uzizwa ucindezelekile, unesizungu, uthukuthele, noma ukhala ngaphandle kwesizathu, ungase uhlaselwe ukucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha.

Kuyini i-PPD (Ukucindezeleka Kwangemva Kokubeletha)? Masikuqonde kalula.

Kalula nje, ukucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha, noma i-PPD njengoba sikubiza kanjalo, kuyisimo sokucindezeleka okwenzeka ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana. Lokhu kungathinta hhayi kuphela umama obelethe umntwana, kodwa nabazali abamthathayo. Ngemva kokuthola umntwana, umzimba wethu ubhekana nezinguquko ezinkulu kuma-hormone, kanye nezinguquko eziningi ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo, ngokwezomnotho, kanye nasebudlelwaneni bezenhlalo. Konke lokhu kungaholela ku-PPD.

Uma une-PPD, ungakhathazeki, awuwedwa . Akulona iphutha lakho. Into ebalulekile ukuthi, kukhona usizo olutholakalayo. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi uphathe izimpawu zakho futhi akubuyisele endleleni efanele.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zalesi simo?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha:

1. I-Baby Blues

Lena yinto yokuqala eyenzeka komama abaningi ngemva kokuthola umntwana. Phakathi kuka-50% no-75% omama babhekana nokucindezeleka komntwana . Uma unalokhu, ungase uzwe ukukhala, ukudabuka, ngisho nokukhathazeka ngezinto ezincane. Ngokuvamile kuqala phakathi nesonto lokuqala (usuku lokuqala kuya kolwesine) lokuthola umntwana. Nakuba lokhu kungakhululeki kancane, kuvame ukuphela ngaphandle kokwelashwa ngemva kwamasonto amabili . Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ngalesi sikhathi ukucela usizo kumyeni wakho, emndenini nakubangane.

2. Ukucindezeleka Kwangemva Kokubeletha (PPD)

Lesi yisimo esibucayi kakhulu kune-baby blues. Cishe umama oyedwa kwabayi-7 abasha uzoba ne-PPD. Uma uke waba ne-PPD ngaphambili, ingozi yakho iyanda cishe ngo-30% ngokukhulelwa kwakho okulandelayo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ungase uzizwe ujabule ngokuzumayo, bese uzizwa udabuke ngokuzumayo, ukhale kakhulu, uthukuthele kalula, futhi uzizwe ukhathele. Ungase uzizwe udumele ngawe, wesabe konke ngokungadingekile, futhi uzizwe sengathi awukwazi ukunakekela ingane yakho noma wena ngokwakho. Abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezincane, kanti abanye bangase babe nazo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lezi zimpawu zingase zivele zingakapheli isonto lokuthola umntwana, noma zingase zivele kancane kancane, kuze kube unyaka kamuva. Nakuba izimpawu zingase zihlale izinyanga eziningana,Lokhu kungelashwa ngempumelelo ngokwelashwa kwengqondo noma ngemithi yokucindezeleka.

3. Isifo Sengqondo Sangemva Kokubeletha

Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu kulezi ezintathu futhi sidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo . Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu. Cishe oyedwa kumama abayi-1,000 ababelethile uba nalesi simo (Postpartum Psychosis). Izimpawu zivame ukuvela ngokushesha ngemva kokubeletha, futhi ziba zimbi kakhulu. Lezi zimpawu zingahlala kusukela emasontweni ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ukungaphumuli okukhulu, ukudideka, ukuphelelwa yithemba, amahloni, ukuqwasha, ukwesaba, ukubona/ukuzwa izinto ezingezona ezangempela (Ukukhohlisa noma Ukungaqondi), ukusebenza ngokweqile, ukukhuluma ngokushesha, kanye nokuhlanya. Lesi simo sidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo. Ngoba kunengozi enkulu yokuzilimaza wena noma ingane yakho . Ukwelashwa kuvame ukufaka ukulaliswa esibhedlela, ukwelashwa kwengqondo, kanye nemithi.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilesi simo?

I-PPD ayivamile njengoba ungase ucabange. Cishe u-75% womama uba nenkinga yokuzizwa ukhathele ngemva kokubeletha. Cishe u-15% walaba besifazane bangaba ne-PPD. Isimo esibi kakhulu engikhulume ngaso ekuqaleni, i-postpartum psychosis, sithinta kuphela cishe omama abayi-1 kwabayi-1,000.

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi nginesizungu noma i-PPD?

Kuvamile ukuzwa i-baby blues ngemva kokubeletha umntwana. Izimpawu ze-baby blues kanye ne-PPD zifana kancane. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu ze-baby blues zivame ukuncipha ngemva kwezinsuku ezingaba yi-10, futhi azibi zimbi kangako . Ku-PPD, izimpawu zingahlala amasonto noma izinyanga, futhi zimbi kakhulu.

Uma unalezi zinto, kungaba yizinto ezibangela ukudabuka okuncane:

• Ukukhala ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Konke kuzwakala kusinda.
• Nginesifiso sokudla.
• Angikwazi ukulala kahle.
• Kungazelelwe, ulahlekelwa yinjabulo yakho futhi uzizwe udangele futhi uthukuthele (ukushintsha kwemizwelo).

Kodwa khumbula, akukubi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngezimpawu zakho. Angabe esenquma ukuthi udinga ukwelashwa noma cha.

I-PPD ingahlala isikhathi esingakanani?

I-PPD ingahlala isikhathi esingangonyaka ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane yakho . Kodwa-ke, lokho akusho ukuthi kufanele uzizwe "uselaphekile" ngonyaka. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezimpawu zakho kanye nokwelashwa kwakho. Thembeka ngendlela ozizwa ngayo. Cabanga ngendlela ozizwa ngayo manje uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi owaqala ngaso ukuba nalezi zimpawu. Ngaleyo ndlela, bangaqhubeka nokwelapha izimpawu zakho ngangokunokwenzeka.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa i-PPD?

Ezinye izici zingandisa ingozi yokuthola i-PPD:

• Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho wake waba nokucindezeleka, i-PPD, noma i-premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).
• Ukusekelwa komphakathi okulinganiselwe.
• Uma kunezinkinga emshadweni wakho noma ebudlelwaneni bakho (ingxabano yomshado noma yobudlelwano).
• Uma ubunokungabaza noma ukungabaza ngokukhulelwa.
• Uma ube nezinkinga zokukhulelwa njengezinkinga zempilo, ubunzima bokubeletha, noma ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
• Uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engama-20 ubudala, noma uma ungumama ongayedwa.
• Uma unengane enezidingo ezikhethekile, noma uma unengane ekhala njalo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-PPD?

Ungase uzizwe unamahloni ngezimpawu zakho, noma ungase ucabange ukuthi, "Ngingumama omubi" ngoba uzizwa lezi zinto. Kodwa i-PPD iyisimo esivame kakhulu . Awuwedwa ozwa le mizwa, futhi akusho ukuthi ungumuntu omubi.

Uma unezimpawu eziningana zalezi ezilandelayo, kungaba yi-PPD:

• Uzizwa udabukile, uzizwa ungelutho, uzizwa uphelelwe yithemba, unomuzwa wecala.
• Ngizizwa ngikhathazekile ngokungadingekile ngakho konke, futhi inhliziyo yami ihlala ishaya ngamandla.
• Angisenandaba nezinto engizithandayo nezinto engizithandayo.
• Shintsha isifiso sokudla, ungadli kahle.
• Kuzwakala sengathi umzimba wami awunawo amandla, angifuni ukwenza lutho.
• Angikwazi ukulala kahle, noma ngizizwa sengathi ngilala usuku lonke.
• Ukukhala ngaphandle kwesizathu, noma ngokweqile.
• Kunzima ukucabanga nokugxila.
• Ngike ngacabanga ngokuqeda impilo yami, noma ngike ngacabanga, "Ngifisa sengathi ngabe ngifile."
• Akukho sithakazelo enganeni, futhi ngizizwa ngesaba futhi ngingakhululekile uma ngiseduze nengane.
• Kuvela imizwa efana nokulimaza ingane, noma "Angifuni lo mntwana".

Uma ucabanga ukuthi une-PPD, bona udokotela wakho (udokotela wezifo zokubelethisa, umhlinzeki wezempilo yengqondo noma umhlinzeki wezempilo yengqondo) ngokushesha . Udokotela wezingane wengane yakho naye angakusiza.

Yini ebangela i-PPD?

Ukuxhumana phakathi kokwehla okungazelelwe kwamazinga ama-hormone ngemva kokubeletha kanye nokucindezeleka kusacwaningwa. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, amazinga ama-hormone i-estrogen ne-progesterone anda cishe ngokuphindwe kayishumi, kodwa la mazinga ehla kakhulu ngemva kokubeletha. Ezinsukwini ezintathu ngemva kokubeletha, la mazinga ama-hormone abuyela emazingeni angaphambi kokukhulelwa.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zinguquko zamakhemikhali, izinguquko zomphakathi nezengqondo ezihambisana nokuba nomntwana zingandisa nengozi yakho yokuthola i-PPD. Isibonelo, izinguquko emzimbeni wakho, ukungalali kahle, ukukhathazeka ngokuthi uzomkhulisa kanjani umntwana wakho, kanye nezinguquko ebuhlotsheni bakho nomndeni.

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, sicela utshele udokotela ngokushesha:

* Uzizwa sengathi uzozilimaza, noma uzizwa sengathi uzolimaza ingane.

* Ukucabanga njalo ngokufa noma ukucabanga ngokuzibulala.

* Njengasemavikini amabili edlule, ngizizwa ngidabukile cishe usuku lonke.

* Imizwa yokwesaba, umuzwa wecala, ukuphelelwa yithemba, ukukhathazeka, kanye nokungabi namandla.

* Ubunzima bokucabanga, ukugxila, ukwenza izinqumo, kanye nokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke.

* Njengasemavikini amabili edlule, anginasithakazelo kunoma yini engangiyijabulela kakhulu usuku lonke.

Ingabe i-PPD ingathinta ingane yami?

Yebo, impela. I-PPD ingathinta nengane yakho . Yingakho kubalulekile ukuthola ukwelashwa kwakho nokwengane yakho.

Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi i-PPD ingaba nemiphumela elandelayo enganeni:

• Ubhekene nobunzima bokwakha ubuhlobo obuhle nomntanakho.
• Ingane yakho ingase ibe nezinkinga zokuziphatha noma zokufunda.
• Ungase uphuthelwe ama-aphoyintimenti kadokotela wezingane wengane yakho.
• Ingane yakho ingase ibe nezinkinga zokudla nokulala.
• Ingane yakho isengozini enkulu yokukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukuphazamiseka kokukhula.
• Ungase ungakunaki ukunakekelwa kwengane yakho, noma ungase ungaboni ukuthi ingane yakho igula nini.
• Amakhono okuxhumana nomntwana wakho angase anciphe.

Odokotela bayixilonga kanjani i-PPD?

Akukho ukuhlolwa okuqondile kokuxilonga i-PPD. Udokotela wakho uzokuxilonga ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakho kwangemva kokubeletha. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukubuyekezwa komlando wempilo yakho, indlela ozizwe ngayo ngemva kokubeletha ingane yakho, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, ukuhlolwa kwe-pelvic, kanye nokuhlolwa kwelebhu. Odokotela abaningi bazohlela ukuvakasha okuhlukile emavikini amabili kuya kwamathathu ngemva kokubeletha ukuze kuhlolwe ukucindezeleka. Lokhu kuzokusiza uthole usizo oludingayo ngokushesha okukhulu.

Bangase bahlole ukucindezeleka, noma bakubuze uchungechunge lwemibuzo ukuze bahlole ukuthi une-PPD. Bazokubuza imibuzo mayelana nokuthi uzizwa kanjani nokuthi ingane yakho injani. Tshela udokotela wakho ngokwethembeka ngemizwa nemicabango yakho . Bangabe sebenquma ukuthi imizwa yakho ijwayelekile noma ukuthi iyizimpawu ze-PPD.

Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela angase enze nokuhlolwa kwegazi, njengoba izimpawu zezinye izimo ze-thyroid zingafana neze-PPD.

Khumbula, udokotela wakho ukhona ukukusiza, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphilile. Ngakho-ke ungafihli lutho, khuluma konke ngokwethembeka. Akekho okwahlulelayo, futhi awuwedwa onale mizwa.

Odokotela abaningi basebenzisa uhlu lwemibuzo olubizwa ngokuthi i-Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ukuze baxilonge i-PPD. Lunemibuzo eyi-10 mayelana nezimpawu zokucindezeleka, njengokuzizwa udabuke, wesaba, futhi unecala. Kufanele ukhethe impendulo echaza kangcono indlela ozizwe ngayo ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa ezedlule. Uma amaphuzu ephezulu, kulapho amathuba okuba ne-PPD aphezulu khona.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-PPD?

Ukwelashwa kwe-PPD kuncike ohlotsheni kanye nobukhali bezimpawu zakho. Izinketho zokwelapha zifaka phakathi imithi yokulwa nokukhathazeka noma yokucindezeleka, i-psychotherapy (ukwelashwa ngengxoxo noma ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo), kanye nokubamba iqhaza emaqenjini okusekela.

Isimo esibi kakhulu engikhulume ngaso ekuqaleni (Postpartum Psychosis) selashwa ngemithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, kanye ne-psychosis. Ungase futhi ungeniswe esikhungweni sokwelashwa izinsuku ezimbalwa kuze kube yilapho isimo sakho sizinza. Uma lokhu kwelashwa kungasizi, ukwelashwa nge-electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) kungase kusebenze.

Uma uncelisa, ungacabangi ukuthi awukwazi ukuthatha imithi yokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, noma ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo . Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinketho zakho.

Izinhlobo zemithi engasetshenziswa ye-PPD

Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi yokucindezeleka ukuze akusize ekulawuleni izimpawu ze-PPD. Le mithi isiza ukulinganisela amakhemikhali asebuchosheni bakho athinta isimo sakho sengqondo.

Uma uncelisa, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinzuzo kanye nokubi kokuthatha umuthi wokucindezeleka. Imithi ingadlulela obisini lwakho lwebele. Kodwa-ke, inani elidlulayo livame ukuba lincane kakhulu, futhi iningi lemithi yokucindezeleka libhekwa njengephephile. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukhethe umuthi ofanele wena ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho nokuthi uyancelisa yini.

Amanye ama-antidepressant asetshenziswa kakhulu e-PPD yile:

• Ama-Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) njenge-Sertraline (Zoloft®) kanye ne-Fluoxetine (Prozac®)
• Ama-Serotonin kanye nama-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (ama-SNRI), njenge-Duloxetine (i-Cymbalta®) kanye ne-Desvenlafaxine (i-Pristiq®)
• I-Bupropion (i-Bupropion - i-Wellbutrin® noma i-Zyban®)
• Ama-Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) afana ne-Amitriptyline (Elavil®) noma i-Imipramine (Tofranil®)

Khumbula ukuthi kuthatha okungenani amasonto amathathu kuya kwamane ukuthi imithi yokucindezeleka iqale ukusebenza. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuyeka imithi. Ukuyeka imithi ngokuzumayo kungabangela izimpawu zakho zibuye. Odokotela abaningi batusa ukunciphisa umthamo kancane kancane ngaphambi kokuyeka ngokuphelele.

Uma udokotela wakho ethola i-PPD ngesikhathi usesibhedlela, angase akunikeze umuthi we-IV oqukethe i-brexanolone.

Yini ekusiza ukuthi uphile ngempumelelo ne-PPD?

Kuvamile ukuzizwa ucindezelwe yizo zonke izinto. Ukuba ngumzali kuyintokozo futhi kuyabuhlungu, futhi ukukhulisa umntwana akulula. Uma unesifo sokucindezeleka, awuwedwa. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthola ukwelashwa okufanele.

Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze uphile ngempumelelo ne-PPD:

• Thola umuntu ozokhuluma naye — kungaba uchwepheshe wezokwelapha, umngane, ilungu lomndeni, noma umuntu ozolalela futhi akusize.
• Joyina iqembu lokusekela abazali abasha.
• Zama ukudla ukudla okunempilo futhi uthole isikhathi sokuzivocavoca.
• Zinike isikhathi sokuphumula.
• Phuma nabangani, noma ubashayele ucingo.
• Yenza izinto ozithandayo (ukufunda izincwadi, ezinye izinto ozithandayo), futhi uthole isikhathi sakho (ukuzinakekela).
• Cela usizo ngemisebenzi yasekhaya kanye nemisebenzi yansuku zonke.

Kwenzekani uma i-PPD ishiywa ingelashwa?

I-PPD engelashwanga iyingozi kuwe, enganeni yakho, nakubantu obathandayo . Ingabangela izinto ezinjengalezi:

• Ngizizwa sengathi anginamandla.
• Kuhlala kukhona ukungakhululeki nentukuthelo enhliziyweni yami.
• Uzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukunakekela ingane.
• Ukungakwazi ukugxila nokwenza izinqumo.
• Uzizwa sengathi uzozilimaza.

Ingabe i-PPD ingalapheka ngokuphelele?

Ngosizo lochwepheshe, cishe wonke umuntu obhekene ne-PPD angakwazi ukunqoba izimpawu zakhe.

Ingabe i-PPD ingavinjelwa?

Akunakwenzeka ukuvimbela ngokuphelele i-PPD. Kodwa-ke, kungaba usizo ukuqaphela izimpawu eziyisixwayiso kanye nezici eziyingozi zalesi simo. Nazi ezinye izeluleko ezingasiza ukuvimbela i-PPD:

• Yiba nombono ofanele ngalokho okulindelekile kuwe nakumntanakho.
• Nciphisa inani lezivakashi onazo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya.
• Cela usizo — tshela abanye ukuthi bangasiza kanjani.
• Uma ingane ilele, nawe ulala, noma uphumule.
• Ukuzivocavoca — hambahamba, phuma endlini uyophumula.
• Hlala uxhumene nomndeni wakho nabangani bakho — ungabi wedwa.
• Gcina ubudlelwano obuhle nomlingani wakho — zinikeni isikhathi somunye nomunye.
• Lindela ukuthi ezinye izinsuku zizoba zinhle, ezinye izinsuku zizoba zimbi.

Kunini lapho kudingeka khona ukuthola iseluleko sezokwelapha?

Kufanele nakanjani ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ezimweni ezinjengalezi:

• Uma izimpawu zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili.
• Uma uzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukusebenza kahle noma ukubhekana nezinto zansuku zonke.
• Uma uzizwa sengathi ufuna ukuzilimaza wena noma ingane yakho.
• Uma uzizwa wesaba kakhulu, ukhathazekile, futhi ungakwazi ukwenza lutho cishe usuku lonke.

Uma udinga usizo oluphuthumayo, noma uma uzizwa sengathi ufuna ukuzilimaza noma ukuzilimaza omunye umuntu, iya esibhedlela esiseduze noma ubone udokotela ngokushesha. Ungashayela futhi i-National Mental Health Helpline ku-1926 ukuze uthole usizo lwezempilo yengqondo eSri Lanka.

Ingabe obaba nabo bathola i-PPD?

Yebo, bobabili omama nobaba bangaba nezimpawu ze-PPD. Kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha uma wena nomlingani wakho niba nezimpawu zokucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka ngemva kokuletha ingane yakho ekhaya. Kutholakale ukuthi cishe u-4% wobaba babhekana nokucindezeleka phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokuthola umntwana.

Singamsiza kanjani umuntu one-PPD?

Abantu abane-PPD badinga ukwesekwa okukhulu. Nazi ezinye izindlela ongasiza ngazo:

• Qaphela izimpawu zokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka, bese unxusa umngane wakho noma umlingani wakho ukuba afune usizo lwezokwelapha.
• Yiba isilaleli esihle. Benze bazizwe sengathi ulalele lokho abakushoyo nokuthi ukulungele ukusiza.
• Zinikele ukusiza ngemisebenzi yasekhaya kanye nemisebenzi yansuku zonke.
• Zinikele ukusiza ekunakekeleni umntwana ngenkathi elele futhi ephumula.
• Bakhuthaze ukuthi bafune usizo kudokotela wezokwelapha noma komunye umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo .
• Basize benze i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela, noma ucele ukuhamba nabo ukuze uthole ukwesekwa.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka siyikhumbule ukuthi

I-PPD yisimo esivamile sempilo yengqondo esithinta cishe umama oyedwa kwabayi-7 ngemuva kokuthola umntwana. Akulona iphutha lakho, futhi awenzanga lutho olubangela lokho . Akukwenzi ube ngumzali omubi noma umuntu omubi. Izici zebhayoloji, zomzimba, nezamakhemikhali ezibangela i-PPD zingaphezu kwamandla akho. Imizwa yokudabuka noma ukungabi nalutho, ukulahlekelwa isithakazelo ezintweni obuzijabulela, ukukhala ngokweqile, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo ngokuzumayo kungaba izimpawu ze-PPD. Uma ucabanga ukuthi une-PPD, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Bangakusiza ukuthola indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphatha izimpawu zakho. Ukwelulekwa, imithi, noma ukujoyina iqembu lokusekela kungasiza. Khumbula, awuwedwa, kukhona usizo.

Ukucindezeleka Kwangemva Kokubeletha, i-PPD, ukudabuka kwengane, impilo yengqondo, usizi lukamama, ukucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha