Ingabe nawe unenkinga yokubona eduze ngemva kokuhlanganisa iminyaka engu-40? Ake sixoxe nge-Presbyopia!

Ingabe ukuthola kunzima ukubheka iphephandaba, ukufunda incwadi, noma ukubona umbhalo omncane ocingweni lwakho? Mhlawumbe kufanele ubambe incwadi kude ukuze uyifunde? Noma ingabe amehlo akho ayabuhlungu futhi uzizwa ukhathele lapho wenza umsebenzi oseduze? Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kungenxa yesimo esikhuluma ngaso namuhla (i-Presbyopia). Akuyona into okufanele uyesabe, akusona isifo, kuyinto eyenzeka kubantu abaningi njengoba bekhula.

Kuyini i-Presbyopia? Masiyiqonde kalula!

Kalula nje, i-presbyopia ukulahlekelwa kancane kancane kwekhono lakho lokugxila ngokucacile ezintweni eziseduze nawe njengoba ukhula. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba ilensi yemvelo engaphakathi kwamehlo ethu ilahlekelwa ukuguquguquka kwayo njengoba siguga.

I-Presbyopia ivame ukuqala cishe eminyakeni engama-40. Ingaqhubeka iba yimbi kancane kancane kuze kube yilapho umuntu eneminyaka engama-60-65. Ungase uthole ukuthi ukwenza imisebenzi eseduze njengokufunda incwadi noma iphephandaba noma ukufaka inaliti enalitini kuba nzima kakhulu kunangaphambili. Kwabanye abantu, lokhu kungabangela ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukukhathala kwamehlo, kanye nokukhathala kwamehlo.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi, i-Presbyopia ayisona isifo. Iyingxenye yemvelo yokuguga. Njengoba nje izinwele zethu ziba mpunga. Kuyiphutha lokubona emehlweni, okuwushintsho oluncane endleleni ukukhanya okugxile ngayo ngaphakathi kweso. Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi ingalungiswa kalula ngezibuko, ama-contact lens, noma ukuhlinzwa.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo (i-Presbyopia)?

I-Presbyopia iyisimo esivame kakhulu. Akusikho wena wedwa, yizigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Kusukela ngo-2015, cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.8 emhlabeni wonke babene-presbyopia. Abacwaningi babikezela ukuthi ngo-2030, leli nani lizofinyelela ku-2.1 billion. Ngakho ungabona ukuthi lokhu kuvame kangakanani.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-presbyopia? Bheka ukuthi nawe unazo lezi!

Bheka ubone ukuthi unazo yini lezi zimpawu:

• Udinga ukukhanya okwengeziwe ukuze ufunde: Ingabe uzizwa sengathi manje udinga ukukhanya okwengeziwe ukuze ufunde izinto owawuzifunda ngokukhanya okuvamile?
• Ukubona okufiphele lapho ufunda ibanga elijwayelekile: Ingabe umbhalo awucacile uma ubambe iphephandaba noma incwadi ngendlela evamile?
• Ukubamba izinto ozifundayo kude: Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abayithola iyinqaba. Ingabe kufanele ubambe ifoni yakho noma ubhukhe kude kangaka?
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda uma wenza umsebenzi oseduze: Ingabe uphathwa yikhanda ngemva kokufunda incwadi noma ukuthunga okuthile?
• Ukucindezeleka kwamehlo: Ingabe amehlo akho abuhlungu, uzizwa sengathi uyadonswa ngaphakathi, noma uzizwa ukhathele?

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa ye-presbyopia.

Kungani sithola i-presbyopia? Iyini imbangela?

Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa kwe-presbyopia izinguquko ezenzeka emehlweni ethu njengoba sikhula. Lapho sisebancane, okungukuthi, emashumini ambalwa okuqala okuphila, ilensi engaphakathi kwamehlo ethu ithambile kakhulu futhi iyaguquguquka. Uma ubheka into ekude bese ubheka into eseduze ngokuzumayo, le lensi ingashintsha isimo sayo ngokushesha okukhulu. Siphinde sibize leli khono ngokuthi "indawo yokuhlala". Lokhu kungenxa yalokhu, imisebe yokukhanya iwela ngqo ku-"retina" futhi sibona ngokucacile.

Cabanga ngeso lakho njengekhamera. Ilensi yekhamera ingagxila ngokuzenzakalelayo ezintweni eziseduze kanye nezinto ezikude. Ilensi yeso lethu, kanye nengxenye ecacile yangaphambili yeso ebizwa ngokuthi i-cornea, inikeza lo mbono ocacile. Ukuze uqonde i-presbyopia, kuyasiza ukwazi okuncane ngale nqubo:

1. I-cornea igoba ngokwemvelo njengoba ukukhanya kungena esweni.

2. Bese kuba khona umsipha omncane omise okwendandatho ozungeze ilensi uyafinyela noma uphumule. Lesi senzo sishintsha ukuma kwelensi futhi sivumele izinto eziseduze noma ezikude ukuthi zigxile. Uma into ikude, umsipha uyaphumula. Uma iseduze, umsipha uyafinyela.

3. Ukukhanya kuwela ku-retina. Lolu ulwelwesi olungemuva kweso . Yilokhu okuguqula ukukhanya kube izimpawu zikagesi.

4. Inzwa yokubona ithwala lezi zimpawu iziyise ebuchosheni. Yilapho-ke sibona khona isithombe.

Njengoba sikhula, ilensi yamehlo ethu iyaqhubeka nokukhula. Njengo-anyanisi, kufakwa izendlalelo ezintsha zamaseli. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ilensi iqine futhi ilahlekelwe ukuguquguquka kwayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhanya akugxili kahle ku-retina. Yilapho izinto eziseduze nathi ziqala ukubonakala zingacacile. Lena imbangela eyinhloko ye-presbyopia.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-presbyopia?

Isici esiyinhloko sengozi ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 ubudala . Kodwa-ke, eminye imithi nezifo kungabangela i-presbyopia kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-40. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "i-presbyopia yangaphambi kwesikhathi" noma "i-presbyopia yangaphambi kwesikhathi".

Izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa i-presbyopia zifaka:

• Ukuba nokubona kude (i-Hyperopia).
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile. Isibonelo, ama-antihistamine okwelapha ukungezwani komzimba kanye nama-antidepressant okwelapha ukucindezeleka.
• Ukuba nezifo ezithile. Izibonelo: Isifo Sikashukela, I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Isifo Senhliziyo Nemithambo Yegazi.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi une-presbyopia?

Udokotela wamehlo, okungukuthi, udokotela ochwepheshe bamehlo, angakwazi ukuxilonga ngokunembile i-presbyopia ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo.

Ingxenye ebalulekile yalolu vivinyo ibizwa ngokuthi "ukuhlolwa kokufiphala." Lolu vivinyo lulinganisa ukuthi ubona kahle kangakanani emabangeni ahlukene. Lolu vivinyo lungatshela udokotela wakho ukuthi une-presbyopia, ezinye izinkinga zokubona ezifana ne-astigmatism, i-nearsightness (Myopia) noma i-dearviewing (Hyperopia).

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-presbyopia?

Kuye ngesimo sakho sempilo, indlela yokuphila, kanye nezintandokazi zakho, udokotela wakho wamehlo angasikisela enye noma ngaphezulu yalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

• Izibuko zamehlo
• Amalensi okuxhumana
• Ukuhlinzwa
• Amaconsi eso

Ake sixoxe ngemininingwane eminingi ngalezi zinto.

Izibuko zamehlo

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wake wasebenzisa izibuko ngenkinga yokubona ngaphambili, manje sekuyisikhathi sokushintshela kohlobo lwezibuko olukhululekile olufanela amehlo akho ashintshayo. Nazi ezinye izinketho:

• Izibuko zokufunda / Abafundi: Lezi zilungele abantu abangaboni kahle (i-Myopia), ababona kude (i-Hyperopia), noma abane-astigmatism. Ungathenga ama-Readers ngaphandle kwekhawunta ekhemisi. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi yimaphi amandla okukhulisa afanele wena. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungathola izibuko zokufunda ezinikezwe udokotela ezenzelwe ukufanelana namehlo womabili.
• Ama-Bifocal: Lezi zibuko, ezivame ukunqunyelwa i-presbyopia, zinemithi emibili eqoshwe ilensi efanayo. Ingxenye ephezulu yelensi iyasiza ekuboneni ibanga, kanti ingxenye encane engezansi iyasiza ekuboneni okuseduze.
• Ama-Trifocal: Lawa anamalensi amathathu: elilodwa lokubona eduze, elinye lokubona okuphakathi nendawo (cishe ngamamitha amathathu ukusuka lapha), kanye nelinye lokubona okukude.
• Ama-Progressives: Lawa amalensi amaningi, njengama-bifocal. Kodwa-ke, ukushintsha kusuka komunye umuthi kuya komunye kwenzeka kancane kancane. Abantu abaningi bakhetha ama-progressives ngoba abawathandi ama-line asezingilazini zabo.
• Ama-progressive asehhovisi: Lezi zibuko zenzelwe ukusebenza eduze ehhovisi. Lokho kusho ukusebenza kukhompyutha, ukubhala, njll. Uma uvuka edeskini lakho, kufanele uzikhumule ukuze ubone kude.

Amalensi Okuxhumana

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-contact lens ezingakusiza ukuthi ubone kangcono uma une-presbyopia. Khetha uhlobo lwelensi olukusiza ukuthi ubone kahle kakhulu:

• Amalensi okuxhumana e-Bifocal: Ilensi yangempela ethi ``bifocal`` isiza ngamaphuzu amabili agxile, ngokuvamile aseduze nakude. Afika ngezinhlobo ``ezithambile`` noma ``ezingena ngegesi``.
• Amalensi okuxhumana amaningi:Amalensi e-``Multifocal`` afana namalensi e-``Bifocal```, futhi la magama amabili avame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana. Kodwa-ke, ilensi ye-``Multifocal``` ingafaka amaphuzu angaphezu kwamabili okugxila, okusho indawo ephakathi cishe ngamamitha amathathu ukusuka lapha. Lawa futhi eza ngezinhlobo ezithambile neziqinile.
• Amalensi okuxhumana e-Monovision: Kusethi yelensi ethi "Monovision", ilensi esweni elilodwa ikusiza ukuthi ubone kude, kanti ilensi esweni elinye ikusiza ukuthi ubone eduze. Ubuchopho bakho buzojwayela kancane kancane lolu hlelo, kodwa kungathatha cishe amasonto amabili ukuthi uzizwe ukhululekile ngalo.
• Amalensi okuxhumana e-monovision aguquliwe: Kule ndlela, ugqoka ilensi yokubona eduze noma kude kwelinye iso, kanye nelensi "eningi" yokubona amabanga onke kwelinye iso.

Ukuhlinzwa

Ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi uzohlinzwa yini, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngempilo yamehlo akho, umlando wezokwelapha womndeni, kanye nendlela yakho yokuphila. Kulabo abasebenzisa kuphela `(Abafundi)`, izingozi zokuhlinzwa zingase zibe zinkulu kunezinzuzo.

Lezi zinqubo ezintathu ze-laser zilungisa i-presbyopia kusetshenziswa indlela ye-monovision (elinye iso likude, elinye iso liseduze):

• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-LASIK: ``Laser in-situ keratomileusis / LASIK'' inqubo yokuhlinzwa ethandwayo esetshenziselwa ukulungisa umbono kubantu abanokubona okuseduze (i-Myopia), ukubona okude (i-Hyperopia), noma i-astigmatism.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-PRK: Uma unezinga eliphakathi noma eliphezulu lokubona eduze (i-Myopia), ukubona kude (i-Hyperopia) kanye/noma i-astigmatism, ukuhlinzwa kwe-Photorefractive keratectomy (i-PRK) kungaba yindlela enhle.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-MOMOTHEKA: Ekuhlinzeni kwe-`(Small-incision lenticule extraction / MOMOTHEKA)`, udokotela ohlinzayo usebenzisa umsebe we-laser omuhle kakhulu ukudala ucezu lwezicubu olufana nediski ngaphakathi kwe-cornea yakho bese elususa ngomsikelo omncane.

Amaconsi amehlo e-presbyopia

Amaconsi amehlo ayindlela enhle kwabanye abantu abane-presbyopia. Amaconsi amehlo aqukethe i-pilocarpine (njenge-Vuity®) anciphisa umfundi wakho, okwandisa ukujula kokugxila kwakho futhi athuthukise ukubona kwakho eduze. Lawa amaconsi amehlo okuqala avunyelwe yi-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ye-presbyopia. Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ukubomvu kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu. Ungase futhi ube nobunzima bokubona ebusuku.

Ezinye izifundo zithole ukuxhumana phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwala maconsi amehlo kanye nokuqhekeka kwe-retinal. Uma uke waba nalesi simo ngaphambili, noma uma unezici eziyingozi zaso, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi lokhu kwelashwa kulungile yini kuwe nokuthi yiziphi izingozi.

Yini ongayilindela uma une-presbyopia?

Khuluma nodokotela wakho wamehlo ngezimpawu zakho nokuthi zithinta kanjani impilo yakho yansuku zonke. Angakusiza ukuthola izindlela zokwelapha ezingcono kakhulu kuwe. Kungase kudingeke uzame izindlela eziningana ezahlukene uze uthole eyodwa esebenza kahle kakhulu ezidingweni zakho nendlela yakho yokuphila.

Singakwazi yini ukuvimbela i-Presbyopia?

Ngeshwa, i-presbyopia iyingxenye yemvelo yokuguga, ngakho-ke ayinakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele. Njengoba nje singenakuyekisa ukuguga, kunezinto ongazenza ukuze uvikele impilo yamehlo akho. Nazi ezinye izeluleko:

• Gqoka izibuko zelanga ukuze uvikele amehlo akho emisebeni ye-UV eyingozi.
• Yidla ukudla okuqukethe izakhamzimba ezinhle empilweni yamehlo, ikakhulukazi ukudla okuqukethe i-vithamini A, i-vithamini C, i-vithamini E, kanye ne-lutein.
• Qaphela i-computer vision syndrome bese wenza izinguquko endleleni yakho yansuku zonke ukuze unciphise ukucindezeleka kwamehlo.

Kufanele ngifune nini iseluleko sezokwelapha?

Uma unezimpawu ze-presbyopia, noma uma unezinye izinkinga ngokubona kwakho, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wamehlo. Ukubona okufiphele kungaba uphawu lwezinye izimo eziningi. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amehlo akho ahlolwe uchwepheshe ukuze uthole ukuthi imbangela iyini ngempela.

Ngisho noma ungenazo izimpawu, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuhlola amehlo akho kanye nombono wakho njalo. Ukuthi kufanele uhlolwe kangaki amehlo akho ngokuvamile kuncike eminyakeni yakho, impilo yamehlo, kanye nanoma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo ongase ube nazo. Iningi labantu abadala lidinga ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo ngonyaka noma emibili. Buza udokotela wakho wamehlo ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi esifanele wena.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-(Presbyopia) kanye ne-(Hyperopia) (ukubona kude)?

Kokubili i-presbyopia kanye ne-hyperopia amaphutha okubheka izinto ngendlela engabonakali abangela ukuthi izinto eziseduze zibonakale zingacacile. Okusho ukuthi, amaphutha ekugxileni kokukhanya. Kodwa-ke, izimbangela eziyisisekelo zalokhu kokubili zihlukile.

• I-Presbyopia yenzeka ngoba ilensi yeso lakho ilahlekelwa ukuguquguquka kwayo.
• I-Hyperopia yenzeka ngoba inhlamvu yeso lakho incane kakhulu, noma i-cornea yakho iyisicaba kakhulu.

Kalula nje, kunzima ukukubona kokubili, ngezizathu ezimbili.

Ingabe i-Presbyopia ne-Myopia zingenzeka ndawonye?

Yebo, kungenzeka ngempela. Futhi kuvame kakhulu. I-Myopia yisimo lapho amehlo akho egxile kakhulu ngokwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, nakuba izinto eziseduze zibonakala zicacile, izinto ezikude zibonakala zingacacile.

Kodwa-ke, uma une-Myopia futhi uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 ubudala, ungase uqale ukuzwa imiphumela ye-Presbyopia ngisho noma ugqoka izibuko noma ama-contact lens. Ungakhathazeki, udokotela wakho wamehlo angakwazi ukulungisa umuthi wakho welensi ukuze uvumelane ne-Presbyopia kanye ne-Myopia.

I-Presbyopia iyingxenye evamile yokuguga. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi kufanele ulinde kuze kube yilapho ithinta imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Uma ubona izinto zingacacile noma okunye ukungakhululeki kwamehlo, bona udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha. I-Presbyopia ayisona isifo, kodwa izimpawu zayo zingafana nezezimo ezimbi ezidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukuthola inkinga futhi akunike ukwelashwa okudingayo.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ake siphinde sixoxe ngezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho:

• I-Presbyopia iwukulahlekelwa umbono oseduze ngemva kweminyaka engu-40. Lokhu akusona isifo, kodwa umphumela welensi yeso eba yinto engaguquguquki njengoba sikhula.
• Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ukubamba iphephandaba noma incwadi ukude, ukudinga ukukhanya okwengeziwe, kanye nobuhlungu bekhanda.
• Lokhu kuvame kakhulu. Akuwena wedwa, abantu abaningi emhlabeni banalokhu.
• Into engcono kakhulu ukuthi kunezixazululo ezilula kulokhu. Lesi simo singalawulwa ngezibuko, ama-contact lens, futhi mhlawumbe nokuhlinzwa noma amaconsi amehlo.
• Uma unalezi zimpawu, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wamehlo. Uzokhetha ikhambi elifanele wena.
• Nakekela amehlo akho. Yidla kahle, gqoka izibuko zelanga, futhi uhlolwe amehlo akho njalo.

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi usunokuqonda okungcono (i-Presbyopia). Ungakwamukela lokhu njengengxenye yempilo yakho, uthathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo, futhi uqhubeke nomsebenzi wakho ngokunethezeka!

I - Presbyopia, ukubona eduze, i-presbyopia, izibuko zamehlo, amalensi okuxhumana, impilo yamehlo, ukukhubazeka kokubona