Ake sixoxe nge-pterygium. Ingabe lokhu kuyinkinga nakuwe?

Wake waphawula iqhubu elincane elinomzimba eliphuma ekhoneni lenhlamvu yeso lakho liye phakathi kweso lakho? Lingaba pink, noma lingaba nemithambo yegazi emincane. Yilokhu okhokho bethu abakubiza ngokuthi "i-papillary" kanti odokotela bakubiza ngokuthi "i-Pterygium". Abanye abantu bakubiza nangokuthi "Iso LikaSurfer" ngoba livame ukubonakala kubasurfing. Ake sixoxe ngakho ngokuningiliziwe namuhla, ngoba nakuba lokhu kungaba yinkinga encane kwabanye abantu, kungaba yinkinga enkulu uma uyayazi.

Iyini le pterygium?

Kalula nje, i-"Pterygium" iyi-membrane ephakanyisiwe, enenyama eyakheka engxenyeni emhlophe yeso lakho (esiyibiza ngezokwelapha ngokuthi "i-Conjunctiva"). Cabanga ngayo njengengcezu encane ye-membrane ephume esweni lakho. Ingaba mhlophe noma ibe pinki. Ngezinye izikhathi inemithambo yegazi emincane, yingakho ngezinye izikhathi ibukeka ibomvu.

Ngokuvamile iqala ekhoneni leso, ngokuvamile ohlangothini lwekhala. Bese ikhula iye e-iris (ingxenye enombala yeso - odokotela bayibiza ngokuthi `(Iris)`). Esikhathini esiningi, inesimo esingunxantathu, njengephiko lenyoni. Igama elithi `(Pterygium)` livela emagameni amabili esiGreki; elilodwa `(pteryx)` elisho `iphiko'', kanti elinye `(pterygion)` lisho `ogwini''. Ngakho igama ngokwalo linikeza umbono omncane ngesimo.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa lolu hlobo lwe-membrane?

Njengoba igama elithi "Iso Lomsubathi" lisikisela, lesi simo sivame kakhulu kubasubathi. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi bahlala bechayeke ezintweni ezingabangela ukuthi le filimu yakheke - njengokukhanya kwelanga okunamandla, imimoya enamandla, isihlabathi solwandle, namanzi anosawoti .

Kodwa, akusikho kwabasubathi kuphela. Noma ubani ochitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphandle ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kwamehlo angakuthola lokhu. Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu kubantu ezweni lethu njengabalimi, abadobi, abasebenzi bomgwaqo, kanye nabasebenzi bokwakha. Ngoba imisebenzi yabo idinga ukuthi bachithe iningi losuku bengaphandle, bechayeke kulezi zici zemvelo.

Lesi simo sivame kakhulu njengoba abantu bekhula (ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka engama-60) ngenxa yokuchayeka isikhathi eside kulezi zici zemvelo. Sivame kakhulu nakubantu abahlala emazweni aseduze nenkabazwe, lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kunamandla kakhulu khona.

Ingabe lokhu kuyingozi?

Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi lokhu kuyinto eyingozi njengomdlavuza. Cha, le `(Pterygium)` ayiyona `(umdlavuza`). Lokho kusho ukuthi ayisabalali kwezinye izicubu ezingaphakathi kweso, futhi ayihambi kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Kodwa-ke, inkinga ukuthi ingaqhubeka nokukhula ebusweni beso. Uma ngandlela-thile ifinyelela engxenyeni ecacile yeso lakho (esiyibiza ngokuthi "i-cornea") ngaphezu kwendandatho emnyama, okungukuthi, uma ifinyelela enkabeni yeso, ingalimaza umbono wakho.Kungabangela ukungaboni kahle futhi kwenze kube nzima ukubona kahle. Uma lokho kwenzeka, kungadingeka ukuthi kususwe ngokuhlinzwa.

Kungani lolu lwelwesi lwakheka? Ziyini izimbangela?

I-Pterygium empeleni iwukukhula okungafuneki kwezicubu ze-conjunctiva esweni lakho. Izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu yilezi:

• Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emisebeni ye-ultraviolet eyingozi (`(Ultraviolet - UV light)`) evela elangeni. Lokhu kubhekwa njengembangela eyinhloko. Siyazi ukuthi imisebe ye-UV ayilungile emehlweni.
• Ukucasuka kwamehlo okungapheli okubangelwa izinto ezifana nesimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile, imimoya enamandla, nothuli . Cabanga nje, uma uthuli lungena emehlweni njalo, uma amehlo oma, luzohlala lubangela izinkinga emehlweni.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kungase kube nezinye izici eziningana eziyingozi:

• Ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 ubudala (njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili).
• Izakhi zofuzo: Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma othile emndenini wakho enayo, nawe unethuba elincane lokuba nayo.
• Ukuntuleka kwevithamini A.
• Ukutheleleka kwe-Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). (Lokhu kusesesigabeni socwaningo futhi akukaqinisekiswa.)

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?

Ekuqaleni, ungase ungaqapheli nokuthi une-pterygium. Ungase ubone nje iqhubu eliphakanyisiwe, elinomzimba, elinomumo ofana nowesigaxa ekhoneni leso lakho. Kungenzeka kungabi yinkinga nhlobo.

Kodwa uma kuvela izimpawu, zingaba yinkinga kancane. Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zifaka:

• Ukuvuvukala nokubomvu kwamehlo (ngezinye izikhathi isimo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Conjunctivitis)` singaba khona).
• Amehlo abomvu, imithambo yegazi ibonakala kahle.
• Ukuzwa kwamehlo omile (`(Iso elomile)`).
• Amehlo anamanzi (kungenzeka ukuthi abangelwa amehlo omile).
• Umuzwa sengathi kukhona okuthile ngaphakathi kweso, njengothuli, uthuli, noma uhlamvu lwesihlabathi.
• Amehlo alumayo.
• Ukucasuka kwamehlo.
• Ngezinye izikhathi amehlo ayabuhlungu.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba lolu lwelwesi lukhula, kungase kuvele ezinye izimpawu:

• Ungayibona leyo membrane ikhula ngobukhulu futhi isakazeka kulo lonke iso.
• Uma ugqoka ama-contact lens, ungase ube nezinkinga ezifana nobunzima bokuwafaka, ubuhlungu, noma ama-lens angalingani kahle.
• Umbono uyashintsha. Isibonelo, umbono ofiphele, ngezinye izikhathi umbono ophindwe kabili.

Khumbula, akuwona wonke umuntu ozoba nazo zonke lezi zimpawu. Izindwangu zabanye abantu zikhula ngokushesha kunabanye, kanti ezabanye abantu zihamba kancane kakhulu.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-pterygium ne-pinguecula?

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nge-`(Pinguecula)` (pin-ge-ku-la). Futhi uhlobo oluhlukile lweqhubu elakheka engxenyeni emhlophe yeso. Izimbangela zifana kakhulu ne-`(Pterygium)` – okuyizinto zemvelo, ikakhulukazi ukuchayeka isikhathi eside elangeni. Kodwa-ke, i-`(Pinguecula)` ivame kakhulu kune-`(Pterygium)`. Ngezinye izikhathi i-`(Pinguecula)` iqala njenge-`(Pinguecula)` bese kamuva iba yi-`(Pterygium)`.

Manje ake sibone ukuthi yimiphi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-`(Pinguecula)` kanye ne-`(Pterygium)`:

• I-pinguecula iyiqhubu elincane, elinomumo ofana ne-blister. I-pterygium isakazeka njengephiko.
• I-pinguecula ayisabalali ngaphezu kwe-cornea. Itholakala engxenyeni emhlophe yeso.
• Umbala we-`(Pinguecula)` nawo umhlophe ophuzi kunokuba upinki.
• Ayinazo izicubu noma imithambo yegazi enenyama. Ingase iqukathe izinto ezifana namaprotheni, amafutha, i-calcium, njll. `(Pterygium)` inezicubu nemithambo yegazi enenyama.
• I-Pinguecula ivame ukubangela izimpawu noma izinkinga zamehlo ezimbalwa kakhulu.
• Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi kudingeke ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe.

Udokotela ukubona kanjani lokhu?

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwamehlo angayibona kalula i-pterygium ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamehlo. Ngokuvamile basebenzisa ukuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwesibani esinqunyiwe. Isibani esinqunyiwe siyi-microscope ekhethekile ekhanyisa ukukhanya okukhanyayo (njengesibani esinqunyiwe) esweni lakho ukuze ibuke ngaphambili nangaphakathi kweso lakho. Lokhu kuyingxenye yokuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile. Udokotela wakho angabona ngokushesha ukuthi yi-pterygium. Azikho ezinye izivivinyo ezivame ukudingeka.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Ukwelashwa kwe-pterygium kuncike ekutheni ikuthinta kangakanani.

• Uma kungekho zimpawu: Cishe ngeke udinge ukwelashwa. Kodwa udokotela wakho wamehlo uzokuqapha. Bazokucela ukuthi uze uzohlolwa amehlo njalo ngezikhathi ezithile (mhlawumbe kanye ngonyaka) ukuze babone ukuthi i-cataract ikhula kanjani nokuthi ingabe iyakuthinta yini ukubona kwakho.
• Uma unezinkinga zamehlo: Uma i-pterygium icasula amehlo akho, njengokubomvu, ukulunywa, noma ukusha, udokotela wakho angase akunike lokhu:
• Amaconsi amehlo noma amafutha okugcoba amehlo athengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela angathengwa ekhemisi ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela. Lokhu kungasiza ekunciphiseni amehlo omile nokuvuvukala.
• Uma izimpawu zinzima, amaconsi amehlo e-steroid anganikezwa isikhathi esifushane. Lawa anganciphisa ngokushesha ukuvuvukala nokubomvu. Kodwa-ke, lawa kufanele asetshenziswe kuphela ngaphansi kweseluleko sikadokotela.

Futhi, odokotela batusa ukugqoka isigqoko nezibuko zelanga ezinezivikelo ze-UV ezimboza amehlo womabili.Lokhu kungavimbela umonakalo owengeziwe we-`(UV)` emehlweni. Lokhu kungasiza i-`(Pterygium)` yakho ukuthi ikhule ibe nkulu, noma kuyivimbe ukuthi ikhule ngokushesha.

Ingabe ngidinga ukuhlinzwa?

Akuwona wonke ama-pterygium adinga ukuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho angancoma ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Uma unenkinga yamehlo engenakulawuleka ngezinto ezifana namaconsi amehlo (ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, ukubomvu).
• Uma i-`(Pterygium)` ikhula ngokushesha, isondela ku-cornea, futhi ivimba noma isizovimba ukubona.
• Uma isimo seso sishintshile ngenxa ye-pterygium kanye nezinkinga zokubona ezifana ne-astigmatism.
• Abanye abantu banquma ukuyisusa ngenxa yezizathu zobuhle, ngoba kwabanye abantu, ukuba neso elibomvu kanye nokukhishwa kwamanzi kungabathinta ngokwengqondo.

Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa kanjani?

Udokotela wamehlo (udokotela wamehlo) angasusa i-pterygium. Uma ungenayo, udokotela wakho wamehlo angakudlulisela kwenye.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwe-`(Pterygium)`, udokotela wakho wamehlo uzokwenza okulandelayo:

1. Ukuba ndikindiki: Okokuqala, uzonikezwa umuthi wokuqeda izinzwa (`(i-Anesthesia)`). Lokhu kungaba ngesimo samaconsi amehlo noma umjovo omncane. Ngakho ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu.

2. Ukususa ulwelwesi: Udokotela ohlinzayo ube esesusa ngokucophelela izicubu ezingavamile (i-pterygium) ebusweni beso.

3. Ukuvala isikhala: Ngemva kokususwa kwe-membrane, kusala isikhala esincane ku-`(Conjunctiva)`. Odokotela abahlinzayo basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene ukuvala lesi sikhala. Lokhu kubalulekile ukunciphisa ingozi yokwakheka kwe-`(Pterygium)` futhi.

• Ukufakelwa kwe-Conjunctival Autograft: Lena inqubo ephumelela kakhulu. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uthatha ingxenye yezicubu kwenye ingxenye enempilo yeso lakho (ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwejwabu elingaphezulu, lapho izicubu zingcono khona) bese evala isikhala. Lokhu kufana nokufaka i-patch. Le nqubo idala inxeba elincane ngaphansi kwejwabu, kodwa livikelwe kahle lapho futhi liphola lodwa.
• Ukufakelwa kwezicubu ze-Amniotic: Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa izicubu ezikhethekile (`(izicubu ze-Amniotic membrane)`) ezithathwe ezingxeni ze-fetus ezinikelwe (okungukuthi, i-placenta) ukuvala igebe lize liphole. Lesi zicubu sisebenza njengebhandeji lemvelo, sivikela igebe kuze kube yilapho `(Conjunctiva)` likhula futhi livaleka. Le ndlela iwusizo uma igebe likhulu kune-`(autograft)`, noma uma `(autograft)` kunzima ukulithola.

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Pterygium kuvame ukuthatha cishe ihora. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kuzodingeka ufake i-eye patch izinsuku ezimbalwa. Kuzothatha cishe amasonto amane kuya kwayisithupha ukuze iso liphole ngokuphelele. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, iso lingase libe bomvu futhi lingase lizizwe lingakhululekile.

Udokotela uzokunikeza imithi ongayithatha uye nayo ekhaya. Lokhu kungafaka amaconsi noma amafutha okubulala amagciwane ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kanye namaconsi wamehlo e-steroid ukuvimbela i-pterygium ukuthi ingabuyi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa lo muthi ngendlela efanele nangesikhathi esinqunyiwe.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi kulo msebenzi?

Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kungase kube nezingozi ezithile ezihilelekile ekusebenzeni kwe-``(Pterygium)``.

• Ingozi enkulu ukuphinda kuvele - okungukuthi, i-pterygium iyabuya ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Uma lokho kwenzeka, kungase kudingeke olunye ukuhlinzwa. Ngenhlanhla, ngamasu amasha futhi athuthukisiwe okuhlinzwa njenge-conjunctival autograft, izinga lokuphinda kuvele i-pterygium lehle kakhulu. Ngokusho kocwaningo lwamanje, ingozi yokuphinda kuvele iphakathi kuka-2% no-15% nodokotela ohlinzayo omuhle kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhle.
• Uma ungasebenzisi amaconsi amehlo anqunyiwe ngendlela efanele, noma uma amehlo akho evezwa elangeni eliqondile ngemva kokuhlinzwa, amathuba okuphinde avele maningi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo. Ungaphuma ngaphandle, kodwa uma wenza kanjalo, ungakhohlwa ukusebenzisa isivikelo njengesigqoko nezibuko zelanga.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, imithi esetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukuphinda kuvele ingabangela nemiphumela emibi. Isibonelo, ama-antimetabolites afana ne-Mitomycin C (ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukuphinda kuvele) angabangela i-sclera ukuba ibe mncane (i-scleromalacia) ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-pterygium. Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwamaconsi amehlo e-steroid kungandisa ukucindezeleka kwamehlo noma kubangele ama-cataract. Yingakho kufanele asetshenziswe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngudokotela.

Kwenzekani uma lolu lwelwesi lungasuswa?

Iningi elithi `(Pterygia)` (lokho kuyisibalo esikhulu segama elithi `(Pterygium)`) liyaqhubeka nokukhula, kodwa amanye akhula kakhulu kunezinye. Igama elithi `(Pterygium)` lakho lingase lingakubangela izinkinga ezinkulu. Odokotela abancomi ukuhlinzwa kwe-`(Pterygium)` encane, engenazimpawu ngenxa yengozi yokuphinda ivele.

Kodwa-ke, i-pterygium eqhubeka nokusabalala kulo lonke iso ingabangela izinkinga.

• Lokhu kungabangela ukungakhululeki kwamehlo njalo, ukubomvu, kanye nokuvuvukala okwandisiwe.
• Umbono ungase ungacaci noma ungabonakali.
• Uma ngandlela thile ingena ku-cornea, inganweba i-cornea, ishintshe ukuma kwayo, futhi ibangele isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-astigmatism. Lokhu kungalimaza kakhulu ukubona.
• Kungabangela nezibazi ze-cornea, okungaba nomthelela ohlala njalo ekuboneni ngisho nangemva kokuba ulwelwesi lususiwe.

Yini engenziwa ukunciphisa ukwenzeka kwalokhu?

"Ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha." Ngakho-ke, ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuba ne-`(Pterygium)`, futhi uvimbele ukuthi ingakhuli uma unayo, ungenza okulandelayo:

• Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuzivikela elangeni. Uma uselangeni, ikakhulukazi phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-4 ntambama, gqoka izibuko zelanga ezigoqekile ezinezivikelo ezinhle ze-UV.
• Gqoka isigqoko noma ikepisi. Lokhu kuzonciphisa nenani lokukhanya kwelanga okushaya amehlo akho.
• Uma usebenza endaweni eyomile, enomoya, noma enothuli, gqoka izibuko zokuvikela amehlo.
• Uma amehlo akho ezwa omile, sebenzisa amaconsi amehlo (njengezinyembezi zokwenziwa) (njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela) ukuze ugcine amehlo akho emanzi.

I-pterygium ihlala isikhathi esingakanani? Ingabe izobuya uma isusiwe?

I-"(Pterygium)" ngeke ilulame ngokwayo ngaphandle kokuthi isuswe udokotela ohlinzayo. Ingaqhubeka ikhula impilo yakho yonke. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akwenzeki kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi abanye abantu bangaba nosayizi owodwa kuphela isikhashana.

Iningi labantu alidingi ukwelashwa nge-"(Pterygium)". Uma kubangela ukungakhululeki kwamehlo, ngokuvamile ungalawula izimpawu ngemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela. Uma kungaphezu kokuphazamiseka okuncane, ungakususa.

Kunethuba elincane lokuthi i-`(Pterygium)` yakho izobuya ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Uma ibuya, ngokuvamile izoqala ukuvela zingakapheli izinyanga ezine zokuhlinzwa, futhi kungakapheli izinyanga ezingu-12. Uma kudingeka wenze okunye ukuhlinzwa, udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzothatha izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuvimbela i-`(Pterygium)` ukuthi ingabuyi.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi une-`(Pterygium)`, noma uma ubona into entsha ekhoneni leso lakho, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukubona udokotela wamehlo. Khona-ke ungazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ngabe yi-`(Pterygium)` noma okunye.

Udokotela wakho uzofuna ukukubona njalo, ahlole i-pterygium yakho, futhi alinganise ukukhula kwayo – ngokuvamile kanye ngonyaka, ngaphandle uma ikhula ngokushesha noma inkulu kunokujwayelekile.

Ezimweni ezinjengalezi, ungakhohlwa ukubona udokotela kuqala:

• Uma izimpawu ezintsha ziqala ukuvela (isib., ukushintsha kombono, ubuhlungu bamehlo).
• Uma izimpawu zakho zamanje ziba zimbi kakhulu.
• Uma imithi oyithathayo njengamanje ibonakala ingasebenzi kahle.

I-`(Pterygium)` ingaba yinto eyesabekayo uma uqala ukuyibona, kodwa uzobona maduze ukuthi ayiyona into embi kangako. Ungase ungadingi ukwelashwa ngayo. Uma ibangela izimpawu, ungazilawula ngemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela noma amaconsi amehlo. Udokotela wakho uzoyibheka futhi akwazise uma encoma ukuyisusa.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Kulungile, ngakho-ke nazi ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho:

• I-pterygium iwukukhula okufana nenyama okungenawo umdlavuza okwakheka engxenyeni emhlophe yeso.
• Imbangela eyinhloko ukuchayeka isikhathi eside elangeni (imisebe ye-UV), othulini nasemoyeni.
• Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ukubomvu, ukulunywa, ukusha, umuzwa wokuthi kukhona okubhajwe esweni, kanye nokungaboni kahle.
• Akuzona zonke ezidinga ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, uma zithinta umbono noma ziphazamisa kakhulu iso, zingasuswa ngokuhlinzwa.
• Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa izibuko zelanga, ukugqoka isigqoko, nokunakekela amehlo akho. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuthi akheke futhi alawule ukukhula kwamehlo akhona.
• Uma unalezi zimpawu, ungesabi ukubona udokotela wamehlo bese uthola iseluleko. Ngemuva kwalokho ungathola ukuthi yini engcono kakhulu kuwe.

Ngakho-ke, amehlo ayigugu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kungumthwalo wethu ukuwanakekela kahle.

I- Papilloma, i-Conjunctiva, i-Pterygium, Iso likaSurfer, Izifo Zamehlo, Ukubona Kwamehlo, Ukukhanya Kwelanga