Ingabe unalezi zinkinga ngamaphaphu akho? Ake sixoxe nge-Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa uphelelwa umoya, noma ukhwehlela okungapheli okuhlala izinsuku eziningi? Mhlawumbe uzizwa ukhathele ngaphandle kwesizathu, kanye nobuhlungu besifuba. Lokhu kungaba okungaphezu kokukhathala okuvamile. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo okungenzeka ukuthi awukaze uzwe ngaso, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu ukusazi. Leso yi-pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Kuyini i-Pulmonary Sarcoidosis?

Kalula nje, i-sarcoidosis yisifo esibangela ukuvuvukala , noma ukuvuvukala, ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba wethu. Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi amangqamuzana esimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela aqoqana futhi akhe amaqhubu amancane. Ngokwezokwelapha siwabiza ngokuthi amaqhubu ama-granuloma . Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, lawa angaba mancane njengohlamvu lwelayisi noma abe makhudlwana.

Manje, i-Pulmonary Sarcoidosis yilapho lesi simo sithinta khona amaphaphu ethu ngqo . Kodwa akugcini emaphashini kuphela. Ngezinye izikhathi singathinta isikhumba, amehlo, ama-lymph node, inhliziyo, noma esinye isitho emzimbeni. Esikhathini esiningi, lesi simo se-pulmonary sarcoidosis siba ngcono ngokwaso. Kodwa kwezinye izimo ezingezinhle, lokhu kuvuvukala okuqhubekayo kungabangela izibazi ezingapheli emaphashini. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu kithi sonke ukuba siqaphele lesi simo.

Ingabe lo mdlavuza?

Abantu abaningi, lapho bezwa igama elithi "sarcoidosis", ikakhulukazi lapho bezwa "izigaxa" ezakhayo, bangase bacabange, "O, angazi ukuthi lokhu kungumdlavuza." Cha, ukuze kucace, i-sarcoidosis akuyona umdlavuza. Kuyisimo esihluke ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifundo zezokwelapha zithole ukuthi abantu abane-sarcoidosis bangaba nengozi enkulu kancane yokuthola izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza esikhathini esizayo kunezinye. Kodwa kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi lezi zifo ezimbili azifani.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Pulmonary Sarcoidosis?

Khumbula, akubona bonke abantu abanalesi simo, kodwa ababonisi zimpawu. Abanye abantu bangaba naso ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Kodwa-ke, uma uqhubeka nokubhekana nalezi zinto, kufanele ukhathazeke kancane:

• Ungase uzwe ubuhlungu besifuba . Kungase kuzwakale sengathi kuqinile phakathi kwesifuba sakho, noma kungase kube buhlungu uma uphefumula.
• Ungase ube nokukhwehlela okomile okuqhubekayo okungaphezi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthatha umuthi wokukhwehlela ongakanani.
• Ungase uzizwe ukhathele , ukhathele, umuzwa ojwayelekile wokungaphilile, noma ubuthakathaka . Kufana nokuba nomkhuhlane, futhi umzimba wakho uzizwa usinda.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya), okusho ukuthi uzizwa uphelelwa umoya, njengokungathi unenkinga yokuphefumula. Ungase uzizwe unesiyezi ngisho nangemva kokuhamba ibanga elifushane.
• Ngezinye izikhathi ungase uzwe umsindo wokukhala kwekhwela esifubeni sakho uma uphefumula .

Ngaphezu kwalezi zinto, abantu abaningi abane-pulmonary sarcoidosis balwa nokucindezeleka . Akumangalisi ukuthi uma isifo esingamahlalakhona esinjengalesi siphazamisa impilo yansuku zonke, umsebenzi, kanye nokuxhumana nabantu, kungaba yinto ecindezelayo.

Iyini imbangela yalokhu?

Eqinisweni, odokotela nososayensi abakayazi imbangela eqondile ye-pulmonary sarcoidosis. Kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Kwezinye izimo, kwenzeka emindenini, okusho ukuthi kungase kube nokuxhumana kwezakhi zofuzo . Kwezinye izimo, kucatshangwa ukuthi kubangelwa izici zemvelo, njengebhaktheriya ethile , amagciwane, uthuli, noma ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kumakhemikhali . Kungaba futhi umphumela omubi wemithi ethile . Abacwaningi basakufunda lokhu ukuze bathole ukuthi kwenzekani ngempela.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo? Ngubani onamathuba amaningi okusithola?

Nakuba kungekho zibalo eziqondile ngalokhu eSri Lanka, uma sibheka kwamanye amazwe omhlaba, isibonelo emazweni afana ne-United States of America, kubikwa ukuthi cishe abantu abayi-1.5 kuya kwabayi-200 000 bahlushwa yilesi simo se-sarcoidosis. Ngokwesilinganiso, kuyilapho cishe abantu abayi-11 kwabayi-100,000 abamhlophe bethola lesi simo, kubantu base-Afrika leli nani likhuphuka lifinyelele cishe ku-34 kwabayi-100,000. Ngokuvamile, kunethuba elingamaphesenti angu-2.4 lokuthi umuntu athole lesi simo.

I-Sarcoidosis ivame ukuthinta amaphaphu kuqala.

I-Pulmonary Sarcoidosis ingathinta noma ubani, kungakhathaliseki ubulili, ubudala, noma uhlanga. Kodwa-ke, abantu abalandelayo batholwe besengozini enkulu kancane:

• Abantu abavela e-Afrika noma eNyakatho Yurophu (isib. amazwe afana neDenmark, iNorway, neSweden).
• Abantu abasebenza ezindaweni ezinezibulala-zinambuzane, isikhunta, uthuli, noma ezinye izinto ezingabangela ukuvuvukala.
• Abantu abaphuza imithi ethile isikhathi eside. Isibonelo, eminye imithi yokutheleleka nge-HIV, imithi yokulwa nomdlavuza, noma imithi eyenza amasosha omzimba asebenze ngokweqile.
• Uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba ne-pulmonary sarcoidosis ngaphambili, lokho kusho ukuthi kungase kube nethonya lezakhi zofuzo.
• Abesifazane nabo bathambekele kakhulu kulesi simo kunabesilisa.

Ukubona kanjani lokhu?

Uma udokotela wakho esola i-pulmonary sarcoidosis ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho noma kwezinye izivivinyo, angase acele ukuhlolwa okuningana, okufana nalokhu:

• I-X-ray yesifuba: Lolu ukuhlolwa kokuqala okukhulu okwenziwayo. Kungahlola ukukhubazeka emaphashini kanye nama-lymph node avuvukele.
• I-CT scan: I-CT scan ingaveza izithombe ezicacile, ezihlanganisa izingxenye ezahlukene kune-X-ray. Lokhu kusiza ukubona isimo samaphaphu ngokuningiliziwe.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu: Lokhu kuhilela ukukufaka emshinini ukuze kulinganiswe ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani, ukuthi ungawuthatha futhi uwukhiphe umoya ongakanani, nokuthi ungawumunca kahle kangakanani umoya-mpilo egazini lakho (isib. ukuhlolwa kokusabalalisa igesi) .
• I-Biopsy: Lena yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu emaphashini noma i-lymph node evuvukele bese uyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze ubone ukuthi kukhona yini ama-granuloma. Le sampula yezicubu ingatholakala ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-bronchoscopy (ithubhu elincane elinekhamera efakwe emigudwini yomoya).
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola izinto ezifana namazinga okuvuvukala, amazinga e-calcium, ukusebenza kwezinso nesibindi, njll. Ngezinye izikhathi izinga le-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) liyahlolwa, njengoba lokhu kungakhushulwa ku-sarcoidosis.
• Uma kudingeka, kungenziwa nezinye izikena ezikhethekile ezifana ne -MRI noma i-positron emission tomography (PET) scans .

Yiziphi izigaba ze-Pulmonary Sarcoidosis?

Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwakho, ikakhulukazi lokho okubonayo ku-X-ray yesifuba sakho, kanye nezimpawu zakho, udokotela wakho angase anikeze isigaba salesi sifo. Lezi zigaba ziqala ekungabonakali kwezimpawu kuya ekulimaleni okukhulu kwamaphaphu:

• Isigaba 0: I-X-ray yesifuba ijwayelekile ngokuphelele. Azikho izimpawu ze-granuloma. Izimpawu nazo zingase zingabi khona.
• Isigaba I: Ama-lymph node ase-hilar ohlangothini ngalunye lwesifuba avuvukele, kodwa akukho monakalo obonakalayo ezicutshini zamaphaphu. Ezimweni eziningi, izimpawu zingase zingabi khona.
• Isigaba II: Ama-lymph node avuvukele, futhi kunezimpawu zama-granulomas ezicutshini zamaphaphu. Laba bantu bangase babe nezimpawu.
• Isigaba III: Ama-granuloma asakazeke kuzo zonke izicubu zamaphaphu, kodwa ukuvuvukala kuma-lymph node kungase kunciphe noma kungabikho.
• Isigaba IV: Lesi yisigaba esinzima kakhulu. I-pulmonary sarcoidosis ibangela umonakalo ezicutshini zamaphaphu.Kuke kwaba nezibazi ezingapheli, ezingalungiseki, noma i-pulmonary fibrosis. Lokhu kuphazamisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwamaphaphu.

Khumbula, lezi zigaba azihlali zihlobene ngqo nobunzima besifo. Abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezinzima ngisho nasesigabeni sokuqala.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Kunezindaba ezinhle! Akuwona wonke umuntu one-pulmonary sarcoidosis ozodinga ukwelashwa. Ezimweni eziningi, ikakhulukazi esigabeni soku-1, lesi simo siya ngokuya siphela ngaphandle kokwelashwa . Udokotela wakho uzokuqapha isikhashana.

Kodwa-ke, uma izimpawu zakho zinzima, uma ukusebenza kwamaphaphu akho kuthintekile, noma uma kuthinta isitho esibalulekile njengamehlo noma inhliziyo yakho, kuyadingeka ukwelashwa.

• Umuthi oyinhloko onikezwayo yi -prednisone . Lolu uhlobo lwe -corticosteroid . Lusetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuvuvukala emzimbeni kanye nokusebenza ngokweqile kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi lo muthi ungabangela imiphumela emibi njengokukhuluphala, ingozi eyengeziwe yesifo sikashukela, kanye nokuncipha kwamathambo uma usetshenziswa isikhathi eside, udokotela uzowunikeza ngesilinganiso esiphansi kakhulu futhi ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.
• Kubantu abanobunzima bokubekezelela i-prednisone, noma abadinga ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside, odokotela bangase batuse eminye imithi efana nalokhu:
• Imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba, njenge -methotrexate ne-azathioprine .
• Izithibi ze-Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), njenge -infliximab noma i-adalimumab . Lezi zivame ukusetshenziselwa izimo ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis.
• Ngezinye izikhathi imithi yokulwa nomalaleveva efana ne -hydroxychloroquine isetshenziswa ukwelapha izimpawu zesikhumba namalunga.

Akuvamile kakhulu, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu (isigaba sesi-IV) lapho kube nomonakalo wamaphaphu unomphela futhi kunzima ukuphefumula, okulandelayo kungadingeka:

• Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu: Izinhlelo ezikhethekile zokuzivocavoca kanye nokwelulekwa.
• I-oxygen eyengeziwe .
• Ekugcineni, ukuhlinzwa kokufakelwa amaphaphu .

Ingabe lokhu kungavinjelwa?

Ngeshwa, ososayensi abakaqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi yini ebangela i-pulmonary sarcoidosis, ngakho-ke ayikho indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuyivimbela. Kodwa-ke, amanye amacala ahlotshaniswa nokuchayeka ezintweni zemvelo ezifana nezibulala-zinambuzane, uthuli kanye nesikhunta.Ukuzigcina kude nezinto ezinjalo ngangokunokwenzeka nokuhlala endaweni enomoya ohlanzekile kuzosiza ukugcina amaphaphu akho ephilile. Futhi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugwema ngokuphelele ukubhema.

Ingabe lokhu kusongela impilo? Ingabe kungenzeka futhi?

Iningi lamacala e-pulmonary sarcoidosis, ikakhulukazi uma izimpawu zincane, aphela ngokuzenzakalelayo . Amanye amacala aphela ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa kwesikhashana. Amacala anjalo awasongeli impilo.

Kodwa-ke, uma lesi simo siqhubeka isikhathi eside futhi singasabeli kahle ekwelashweni, kungase kube nezibazi ezihlala njalo (i-fibrosis) zamaphaphu. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kunganciphisa ukusebenza kwamaphaphu, kwandise ubunzima bokuphefumula, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kufinyeze isikhathi sokuphila komuntu.

Abanye abantu bangayithola induduzo yaphakade, okusho ukuthi lesi sifo sesiphelile ngokuphelele futhi asibuyi.

Kodwa-ke, i-pulmonary sarcoidosis ingaphinde ivele ngisho nangemva kokuphumula noma ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo . Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi 'ukuqubuka'. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe lesi sifo siyathuthuka, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuya kokuhlolwa njengoba kunqunywe udokotela wakho.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-Pulmonary Sarcoidosis?

Uma lawo ma-granuloma esikhulume ngawo ngaphambilini engapholi kahle futhi eqhubeka, angabangela izinkinga ezifana nalezi:

• I-pulmonary fibrosis: Lena inkinga ebucayi kakhulu futhi eyingozi kakhulu. Izicubu zamaphaphu ziba nezibazi futhi amaphaphu aqina. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula futhi kubangele umonakalo ongapheli emaphashini.
• I-Bronchiectasis: Lesi yisimo lapho izindlela zomoya (i-bronchi) emigwaqweni yomoya zivuleka futhi zonakale unomphela. Lokhu kungaholela ekuqongeleleni kwamafinyila kanye nokutheleleka kwamaphaphu okuvamile.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wamaphaphu: Lokhu umfutho wegazi ophezulu emithanjeni ethwala igazi emaphashini. Lokhu kungathinta nenhliziyo.
• Izinkinga zamehlo: Uma i-sarcoidosis ithinta amehlo, izimo ezifana ne-uveitis zingase zivele, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kokubona ngisho nokungaboni.
• Isifo senhliziyo: Akuvamile ukuthi sithinte inhliziyo, okubangela izimo ezifana nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile kanye nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
• Imiphumela ezinso: Ukwanda kwamazinga e-calcium egazini kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwamatshe ezinso kanye nokuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwezinso.
• Isifo samaphaphu sesigaba sokugcina: Lesi yisigaba sokugcina sesifo samaphaphu. Kulokhu, amaphaphu akho awasakwazi ukususa i-carbon dioxide emzimbeni wakho noma ukunikeza umoya-mpilo owanele emzimbeni wakho.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani njengomuntu one-Pulmonary Sarcoidosis?

Uma utholakale une-Pulmonary Sarcoidosis, ungesabi. Lawa macebiso angakusiza ukuthi uphathe lesi simo, ululame, futhi uphile impilo enempilo:

• Zigweme izinto eziyingozi emaphashini akho. Zivikele ezintweni ezifana nothuli, amakhemikhali, umusi wopende, izibulala-zinambuzane, kanye nesikhunta. Ungabhemi nhlobo. Ungabi sezindaweni lapho abanye abantu bebhema khona (intuthu ebhemayo).
• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco nokulinganiselayo. Yidla imifino eminingi, izithelo, izinhlanzi ezihlanzekile, kanye nokusanhlamvu okuphelele. Nciphisa ukudla okucutshunguliwe, ushukela, kanye nokudla okunamafutha amaningi.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yikuphi ukuzivocavoca okufanele wena bese ukwenzela kona. Izinto ezifana nokuhamba nokubhukuda zinhle.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kungandisa ingozi yakho yezinkinga zokuphefumula.
• Qiniseka ukuthi uya kuzo zonke izivivinyo ezihleliwe kanye nama-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho ngesikhathi. Ungayeki ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu, noma ama-X-ray.
• Thatha yonke imithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekutshelile, ngesikhathi nangesikhathi ositshelwe. Ungayeki ukuthatha imithi noma ushintshe umthamo ngokwakho.
• Nakekela impilo yakho yengqondo. Ukuphila nesifo esinjengalesi kungaba yinto ekucindezelayo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho, umndeni wakho, nabangani ngemizwa yakho. Funa usizo lwezengqondo uma kudingeka.
• Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha noma uma izimpawu zakho zibonakala ziba zimbi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi izinguquko ezindleleni zokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ukukhwehlela okukhulu, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Kufanele ngifune nini iseluleko sezokwelapha?

Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele ngokukhethekile nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma zenzeka. Lezi zimpawu zingahluka kuye ngokuthi i-sarcoidosis ikuphi. Uma une-pulmonary sarcoidosis, kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ushintsha ngokuzumayo ekuphefumuleni kwakho, ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba, ukuphelelwa umoya, noma i-phlegm enegazi. Futhi, bona udokotela wakho uma unomkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba, noma ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo okuhlala izinsuku eziningana.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke i-pulmonary sarcoidosis esikhulume ngayo namuhla iyisifo esingaziwa imbangela yaso esibangela ukuvuvukala kanye namaqhubu amancane abizwa ngokuthi ama-granuloma emaphashini. Kwabaningi, iyaphela yodwa, noma iba ngcono ngokwelashwa kwesikhashana. Ngakho-ke ungesabi noma ukhathazeke ngokungadingekile ngalokhu.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma unezimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, ukuphelelwa umoya, noma ubuhlungu besifuba, ungamane nje ungakunaki bese ubona udokotela ukuze akuhlole. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kubaluleke kakhulu kulezi zinhlobo zezifo. Ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho, ukuthatha imithi yakho ngendlela efanele, kanye nokuya njalo ekuhlolweni kuzokusiza kakhulu. Ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho noma umndeni wakho nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho. Hlala unethemba, hlala uphilile!

I- Pulmonary Sarcoidosis, i-Sarcoidosis, ama-Granulomas, Isifo samaphaphu, Ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula, Ukukhwehlela, Ukuvuvukala, i-Pulmonary Fibrosis