Ingabe ingane yakho encane inenkinga yokuphefumula? Ake sixoxe ngesifo somoya esibangelwa yi-Reactive Airway Disease (RAD)!

Ingabe ukhona ekhaya lakho, mhlawumbe ingane yakho encane, noma ngisho nawe, ovele abe nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula, uzizwe sengathi isifuba sakho siyacinana, futhi ngokuvamile kuyimbangela yokuphefumula? Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela angase athi, "Lokhu kungaba 'Isifo Somoya Esisabelayo' noma 'i-RAD'" lapho ebona lezi zimpawu. Ngakho-ke ungase ucabange, "O, siyini lesi sifo esisha?" Ungakhathazeki, namuhla sizoxoxa ngokuthi iyini i-'RAD', ukuthi ikhula kanjani, yiziphi izimpawu, nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha, ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.

Iyini ngempela i-Reactive Airway Disease (RAD)?

Kalula nje, i-`Reactive Airway Disease (RAD)` akusona isifo esiqinisekisiwe njengesifo, futhi asinikezwa igama elithile. Kuyigama lesikhashana. Odokotela basebenzisa leli gama uma wena noma ingane yakho ninezinkinga zokuphefumula ezifana ne-asthma, kodwa imbangela eqondile ayitholakali.

Cabanga ngakho, amaphaphu ethu anezakhiwo ezincane ezifana nepayipi ezingenisa umoya futhi ziphume (sibiza lawa mapayipi e-bronchial), futhi uma lawo mapayipi evuvukala futhi encipha, kuba nzima ukuphefumula. Yilokhu okwenzekayo ku-RAD.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-'Reactive Airway Disease (RAD)' kanye ne-'Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS)' yizimo ezimbili ezihlukene. Nakuba amagama afana kancane, lezi zimo ezimbili akufanele zididaniswe. I-'RADS' yisimo esivame ukwenzeka ngemva kokuchayeka ngokuzumayo, ezingeni eliphezulu lokungazelelwe kugesi onobuthi.

Ngakho-ke, uma udokotela ethi `RAD`, kusho ukuthi, "Yebo, kukhona okungahambi kahle ngohlelo lwakho lokuphefumula, futhi sidinga ukwenza izivivinyo ezengeziwe ukuze sithole ukuthi kuyini ngempela." Ngezinye izikhathi uzwa odokotela besebenzisa amagama athi `RAD` kanye nelithi `Asthma` ngokushintshana, kodwa awasho into efanayo. `RAD` igama lesikhashana nje elisetshenziswa kuze kube yilapho kutholakala ukuxilongwa okuqondile.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-RAD? Uzizwa kanjani?

Umuntu one-RAD angase abe nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo: Lokhu kukhwehlela kungase kuhambisane ne-phlegm.
• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya): Umuzwa wokungakwazi ukuphefumula futhi kudingeka usebenze kanzima ukuze uphefumule.
• Ukuphefumula: Umsindo "wokuphefumula" noma "wokuphefumula" ovela esifubeni lapho uphefumula.
• Ukuqina kwesifuba: Umuzwa wokusinda, njengokungathi othile ucindezela isifuba sakho.

Lezi zimpawu zingakwenza uzizwe ungakhululekile neze. Izimpawu eziyinhloko ukuqina kwesifuba kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela i-RAD?

Kunezizathu eziningana ezenza odokotela babhekane nobunzima bokuphefumula, okubizwa ngokuthi i-'RAD' okwesikhashana. Ezinye zazo zifaka:

• Ukungezwani komzimba:Ukungezwani nezinto ezifana nothuli, impova, ukudla okuthile, noboya bezilwane. Cabanga nje, ezinye izingane ezincane ziyalunywa ngokuzumayo lapho zizwa uthuli noma zisondela ekatini, akunjalo? Yilokho kanye okwenzekayo.
• Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane noma ngamagciwane: Ukutheleleka okufana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, kanye ne-pneumonia kungabangela ukuthi izindlela zomoya zivuvuke.
• Intuthu yamakhemikhali, amakha, noma intuthu: Izinto ezifana namakha anamandla, intuthu yokubulala izinambuzane, kanye nomhwamuko ovela kuketshezi lokuhlanza.
• Intuthu: Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwentuthu, njengentuthu kagwayi, intuthu yesitofu sokhuni, kanye nentuthu yemoto.
• Ukuzivocavoca: Abanye abantu bangase babe nokuphelelwa umoya ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca.
• Izinguquko zesimo sezulu: Ukuchayeka ngokuzumayo emoyeni obandayo, ukushisa okukhulu, ukuba sendaweni enomswakama, izinguquko zesimo sezulu ezisheshayo.

Lezi yizinto ezibangela kakhulu izimpawu ze-RAD.

I-RAD ihlala isikhathi esingakanani? Ingabe izophulukiswa ngokuphelele?

Lokhu kunzima ukukusho ngokuqinisekile. Isizathu ukuthi igama elithi 'RAD' liyigama lesikhashana, futhi isikhathi sokululama sincike esifweni esiyisisekelo. Uma udokotela esethole imbangela eqondile yezimpawu zakho futhi enikeze imithi efanele, uzokutshela ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi uzizwe ungcono.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilesi simo se-RAD?

Eqinisweni, udokotela angabiza noma ubani onenkinga yokuphefumula, kodwa imbangela ayicaci. Kodwa-ke, leli gama livame ukusetshenziswa ezinsaneni nasezinganeni ezincane kakhulu ukuba zivivinywe ukusebenza kwamaphaphu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingane idinga izinga elithile lokuqonda nokusekelwa ukuze yenze lezi zivivinyo. Ngenxa yokuthi kunzima ezinsaneni ezincane ukwenza lokhu, odokotela bakubiza okwesikhashana ngokuthi 'i-RAD' ngokusekelwe ezimpawini.

I-RAD ihlolwa kanjani?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninenkinga yokuphefumula, noma uma nikhwehlela njalo, qiniseka ukuthi nibonana nodokotela. Udokotela uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha, njengokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nomlando we-asthma.

Ngemuva kwalokho, udokotela uzokuxilonga. Ngokukhethekile, uzolalela amaphaphu akho esebenzisa i-stethoscope (i-auscultation). Lokhu kuzovumela udokotela ukuthi athole umbono wokuthi yimiphi imisindo ezwakalayo ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukuphazamiseka lapho umoya udlula. Ngemva kwalokhu kuhlolwa kokuqala, udokotela uzoncoma ezinye izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Yiziphi izivivinyo zalokhu?

Ukuze athole imbangela eqondile yokuphelelwa umoya, udokotela angenza izivivinyo eziningana, njengokuthi:

• I-Spirometry: Lokhu ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu okuvamile. Kulinganisa ukuthi ungaphefumula uphume nokungena umoya ongakanani ngokushesha. Kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi kukhona yini ukuvaleka kwemigudu yakho yomoya.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe:Lezi izivivinyo ezingenabuhlungu. Zisiza ekubhekeni ingaphakathi lamaphaphu akho, inhliziyo, kanye namathambo.
• I-X-ray yesifuba: Ukuhlola izifo zamaphaphu nezinye izinkinga.
• I-Echocardiogram (echo): Ihlola ukusebenza kwenhliziyo. Ukuphelelwa umoya kungabangelwa yisifo senhliziyo.
• I-CT scan (i-CT scan - I-Computed Tomography scan): Thola izithombe ezicacile nezinemininingwane eminingi zamaphaphu nesifuba.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Kuthathwa igazi elincane enalitini encane bese kuhlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini ukutheleleka, ukungezwani komzimba, noma izimpawu zokuvuvukala emzimbeni.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi une-allergy yini. Inani elincane lezinto ezihlukahlukene ezibangela i-allergy lifakwa endaweni encane yesikhumba bese isikhumba sihlolwa ukuthi sisabela kanjani.
• I-ECG (ECG noma i-EKG - i-Electrocardiogram): Lokhu kuhlola ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo yakho. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni isifo senhliziyo njengembangela yokuphelelwa umoya.
• I-pulse oximetry: Lena idivayisi encane efana ne-clip oyifaka emunweni wakho. Ilinganisa izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini lakho.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuzivocavoca: Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi amazinga akho e-oxygen egazini ayancipha yini uma uzivocavoca.

Zonke lezi zivivinyo zenziwa ukuthola imbangela eqondile yezimpawu zakho.

Iphathwa kanjani i-RAD?

Ngenxa yokuthi i-'RAD' ilebula yesikhashana, yelashwa ngokusekelwe ekuxilongweni okuyisisekelo. Lokho kusho ukuthi udokotela wakho kuzodingeka aqale anqume ukuthi ubunzima bakho bokuphefumula bubangelwa yi-asthma, ukutheleleka, noma esinye isimo.

Kodwa-ke, esimweni esiphuthumayo, okusho ukuthi uma ukuphefumula kuba nzima kakhulu, odokotela bangase basebenzise izindlela zokwelapha ezinjengalezi:

• Ama-Bronchodilator: Lawa yiwo esiwabiza ngokuthi ama-inhaler. Le mithi isebenza ngokwandisa imigudu yomoya emincane, okwenza kube lula ukuphefumula. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni ezifana ne-asthma kanye ne-COPD (Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu).
• Ukwelashwa nge-oxygen: Lokhu kusiza ekuhlinzekeni umzimba ngenani elidingekayo le-oxygen lapho ukuphefumula kunzima.
• Umjovo we-Epinephrine: Lokhu kunikezwa uma kwenzeka ukusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba (i-anaphylaxis) noma ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya okukhulu.
• Ama-Corticosteroids: Le mithi inciphisa ukuvuvukala emaphashini. Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-asthma, i-COPD, kanye nokungezwani komzimba okukhulu.

Ingabe i-Albuterol iyasiza nge-RAD?

I-Albuterol nayo iwuhlobo lwe-bronchodilator. Iwumuthi okhulisa imigudu yomoya. Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-asthma, i-COPD, kanye ne-bronchospasm ebangelwa ukuzilolonga. Kodwa-ke, uma imbangela ye-RAD ihlukile, lokhu kukodwa ngeke kuyiqede. Kubalulekile ukuthola imbangela eqondile bese uyelapha.

Ingabe i-RAD ingavinjelwa?

Ungenza lezi zinto ukunciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola izimpawu ze-RAD:

• Gwema izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba ezaziwa ukuthi ziyingozi kuwe. Isibonelo, uma ungezwani nothuli, hlala ezindaweni ezinothuli oluncane futhi ugcine ikhaya lakho lihlanzekile kahle.
• Sebenzisa imithi evimbela ukuvuvukala komoya (uma udokotela ekunikezile) ngendlela efanele.
• Uma ubhema, yeka ngokuphelele futhi ugweme ukuchitha isikhathi ezindaweni lapho abanye abantu bebhema khona.
• Uma usebenza ngamakhemikhali, gqoka imaski noma ezinye izinto zokuvikela ukuphefumula.

Uma une-RAD, yini okufanele uyilindele? Kuzokwenzekani esikhathini esizayo?

Uma udokotela ekutshela ukuthi une-'RAD', kusho ukuthi unenkinga yokuphefumula, kodwa imbangela eqondile ayaziwa okwamanje . Ungakhathazeki. Udokotela uzokuxilonga, enze izivivinyo ezidingekayo, bese ezama ukuthola imbangela. Kulapho-ke kuphela lapho ukwelashwa okufanele kungaqalwa khona.

Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela womndeni wakho angakudlulisela kuchwepheshe wamaphaphu (i-pulmonologist) .

Ukululama kwakho kanye nokuphathwa kwezifo kuncike ekuxilongweni okunembile. Ezinye izimo zingelapheka ngokuphelele. Ezinye (njenge-COPD) zingaba ezingapheli futhi eziqhubekayo.

Kufanele uye nini kudokotela? Kufanele uye nini kuMnyango Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) ?

Uma unezimpawu ze-RAD (ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula kanzima, ukuqina kwesifuba), noma uma izimpawu zakho zingathuthuki naphezu kokwelashwa, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.

Kodwa-ke, esimweni esinjalo, iya ngokushesha e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) eseduze, noma ushayele u-1990:

• Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula (ngisho noma ukubheka, ungabona ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukuphefumula).
• Uma kungekho mpumuzo naphezu kokusebenzisa imithi yobunzima bokuphefumula (isib. i-inhaler).
• Uma izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini libonakala liphansi (njengezindebe nezinzipho eziphenduka zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka).
• Uma ubonisa izimpawu zokusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba (i-anaphylaxis), lokhu kusho ukuthi:
• Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula.
• Ukwehla okuzumayo komfutho wegazi.
• Ukuvuvukala kwezindebe.
• Ubuthakathaka obungazelelwe.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi (i-syncope) noma ukuquleka.
• Ukudideka (ukungaqondi ukuthi wenzani noma ukuthi ukuphi).

Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, ungalibali. Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Uma uya kudokotela, ungabuza imibuzo efana nale ukuze uqonde kangcono isimo sakho.

• Iyini imbangela yesimo sami 'se-Reactive Airway Disease'?
• Ingabe ikhona ikhambi eliphelele lalesi simo?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze ngiphefumule kalula?
• Yimiphi imithi oyincomayo?
• Lo muthi kufanele usetshenziswe kanjani ngempela? (isib., uma kuyi-inhaler, ungawusebenzisa kanjani ngendlela efanele).
• Ingabe ngidinga ukubona udokotela wamaphaphu?

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-RAD, i-asthma, ne-COPD?

La magama ayadida kancane. Ake sizikhumbuze futhi:

• Isifo Somoya Esisabelayo (i-RAD): Leli igama lesikhashana. Lisho ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngohlelo lokuphefumula, kodwa imbangela eqondile ayaziwa okwamanje.
• Isifuba somoya: Lesi yisifo esithile. Yisimo sesikhathi eside. Sibangela ukuvuvukala nokuncipha kwemigudu yomoya. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kube noketshezi oluningi kakhulu.
• I-COPD (Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu): Leli futhi igama leqembu elithile lezifo. Lihlanganisa izifo eziningana zesikhathi eside ezithinta amaphaphu, zenze kube nzima ukuphefumula, futhi ziqhubeke ziba zimbi kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (isib. i-bronchitis engapheli, i-emphysema).

Ngakho-ke, udokotela angase aqale abize izimpawu ze-'COPD' ngokuthi 'RAD', kuze kube yilapho kutholakala ukuxilongwa okufanele.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Manje usuyaqonda ukuthi i-`Reactive Airway Disease (RAD)` akuyona inkinga ethile. Kodwa-ke, akukubi ukuthi udokotela asebenzise leli gama. Lisho ukuthi imbangela yobunzima bokuphefumula kwakho ayaziwa okwamanje, futhi ukuxilongwa okuqondile akukwazi ukunikezwa kuze kube yilapho ukuhlolwa okudingekayo sekwenziwe ngokuphephile .

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninezinye zalezi zimpawu, ningesabi niyobona udokotela. Uzoninika isiqondiso enisidingayo. Uma udokotela womndeni wakho engakwazi ukuxilonga lesi simo, cela ukudluliselwa kuchwepheshe wamaphaphu (Pulmonologist).

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukuxilongwa okufanele bese uqala ukwelashwa okufanele. Ngemuva kwalokho ungalulama ngokushesha.

Isifo Somoya Esisabelayo , i-RAD, ubunzima bokuphefumula, isifo sokuphefumula, i-asthma, amaphaphu, impilo yezingane, ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula