Wake wazizwa sengathi izinga lokuphefumula kwakho liyakhuphuka ngenxa yokwesaba noma ukukhathazeka, noma ikhanda lakho lizizwa lididekile noma izitho zakho zomzimba zizizwa zingaphilile? Noma ingabe kwenzeka uma unomkhuhlane? Lesi esinye sezici zesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Respiratory Alkalosis esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla. Akukho okufanele ukwesabe, ake sikuqonde kalula lokhu.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Respiratory Alkalosis?
I-Respiratory Alkalosis yilapho inani le-carbon dioxide egazini lakho lehla, okubangela ukuthi ibhalansi ye-acid-base yegazi lakho ishintshe. Ukulinganiswa kwaleli bhalansi kubizwa ngokuthi inani le-pH. Kulesi simo, inani le-pH egazini lakho lenyuka ngaphezu kwamazinga ajwayelekile. Cabanga ngakho, uma siphefumula umoya-mpilo, sithatha i-carbon dioxide, futhi uma sikhipha umoya-mpilo, sikhipha i-carbon dioxide. Kodwa uma uphefumula ngokushesha kakhulu, okungukuthi,
uma uphefumula kakhulu , ukhipha i-carbon dioxide eningi kunalokho umzimba wakho okudingayo. Yilapho izinga le-carbon dioxide egazini lakho lehla khona futhi inani le-pH lenyuka. Ngokuvamile, inani le-pH egazini lakho kufanele libe phakathi kuka-7.35 no-7.45. Uma lenyuka ngaphezu kuka-7.45, silibiza ngokuthi i-Alkalosis.
Umehluko Phakathi kwe-Respiratory Acidosis ne-Alkalosis
Lezi zimo ezimbili eziphikisanayo.
- I-Alkalosis Yokuphefumula: Inani le-pH yegazi elingaphezu kuka -7.45 (igazi liba yi-alkaline).
- I-Acidosis Yokuphefumula: Ukwehla kwenani le-pH yegazi ngaphansi kuka-7.35 (ukwenziwa kwe-asidi egazini).
Yiziphi izimpawu ongase uzibone kulesi simo?
Uma lesi simo senzeka, umuntu ngamunye angase abe nezimpawu ezihlukile. Kodwa kunezinye izimpawu ezivame kakhulu. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.
| Isibonakaliso | Indlela okuzwakala ngayo |
|---|
| Isiyezi/ubuhlungwana | Kungase kuzwakale sengathi akukho sisindo ngaphakathi kwekhanda lakho, futhi kungase kube nzima ukuma. |
| Ukudideka | Ungase uzizwe udidekile ngokuthi ukuphi noma ukuthi wenzani. |
| Ukuba ndikindiki (i-Paresthesia) | Kuzwakala sengathi izitho zakho zilele, njengezintuthwane zigijima nxazonke. Lokhu kungazwakala ikakhulukazi eduze kwezindebe nasezintweni zeminwe. |
| Ukuqina kwesifuba | Kuzwakala sengathi kunzima ukuphefumula, sengathi othile ukucindezela isifuba sakho. |
| Isicanucanu | Ukuzizwa unesicanucanu, sengathi usuzohlanza. |
| Ukukhathala | Ukuzizwa ungenamandla kangangokuthi awukwazi ukwenza lutho. |
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izizathu?
Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuphefumula okusheshayo, okubizwa ngokuthi `(hyperventilation)`. Kodwa umbuzo uwukuthi, kungani siphefumula ngokushesha kangaka? Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zalokhu. Amaphaphu, izinso, nezinye izinhlelo zisebenza ndawonye ukugcina ibhalansi yamakhemikhali emzimbeni wethu. Kufana nokulinganisa ibhuloho le-cork. Ibhalansi phakathi kwe-carbon dioxide `(CO2)`, amanzi `(H2O)`, i-bicarbonate `(HCO3)`, kanye nama-ion e-hydrogen `(H+)` ibalulekile lapha. Uma siphefumula ngokushesha, `CO2` iyakhishwa futhi leli bhalansi liyaphazamiseka. Nazi ezinye zezizathu eziyinhloko ezithinta lesi simo `(hyperventilation)`:
| Isizathu | Kuthinta kanjani? |
|---|
| Izizathu zengqondo | Ngezikhathi zokukhathazeka okukhulu nokuhlaselwa uvalo, izinga lokuphefumula kwethu liyakhuphuka ngaphandle kokuqaphela. |
| Izizathu zomzimba | Ukuphefumula kunganda ngenxa yezinguquko emzimbeni, njengobuhlungu obukhulu, umkhuhlane omkhulu, ukukhulelwa, isifo sesibindi, kanye ne-hyperthyroidism. |
| Izimo zezokwelapha ezingathi sína | Ezifweni ezinzima njenge-sepsis, i-pulmonary embolism, kanye ne-pneumonia, amazinga omoya-mpilo emzimbeni ayehla. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba uzama ukuphefumula ngokushesha. |
| Ezinye izizathu | Lokhu kungabangelwa futhi ukuphuza ngokweqile izidakamizwa ezifana ne-aspirin, ukulimala ekhanda, ukusebenzisa i-nicotine (ukubhema), kanye nokuxhunywa kumshini wokuphefumula owenziwe (umoya womshini). |
Udokotela ukuthola kanjani lokhu?
Uma unalezi zimpawu, into yokuqala udokotela angayenza ukukubuza umbuzo. Ngemuva kwalokho, bangenza izivivinyo ezimbalwa ukuqinisekisa isimo nokuthola imbangela. Ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa
kwe-Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) . Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane yegazi emthanjeni osesihlakaleni sakho bese ulinganisa amazinga e-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide kuwo, kanye ne-pH. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangenza izivivinyo ezilandelayo ukuthola imbangela:
Iphathwa kanjani?
Into ebalulekile okufanele uyiqonde lapha ukuthi odokotela abalaphi lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Respiratory Alkalosis uqobo.
Balapha isimo sezokwelapha esiyisisekelo esibangele lesi sifo. Isibonelo, uma imbangela kuyisifo, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza ama-antibiotic . Uma imbangela kuyi-blood clot emaphashini akho, uzonikezwa ama-anticoagulant ukuze ayincibilikise.
Uma uhlala ubhekene nokukhathazeka futhi izinga lakho lokuphefumula liyakhuphuka, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo. Ukuzivocavoca kokuphefumula kanye nokwelulekwa kungasiza. Abanye abantu bangase badinge nemithi. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngokuphefumulela esikhwameni sephepha uma ukhathazekile. Lokhu kuhilela ukuphefumula emuva ku-carbon dioxide oyikhiphayo. Lokhu kungasiza ekwehliseni amazinga e-CO2 egazini lakho. Kodwa-ke,
kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela ngaphambi kokwenza lokhu. Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela? Kufanele ngiye nini e-ETU?
Lona umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu ngoba ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nesizathu esingathi sína ngemuva kwawo.
Uzobona nini udokotela
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezishiwo kulesi sihloko njalo, noma uma uzizwa sengathi uphefumula ngokushesha njalo,
bona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kuzosiza ekutholeni imbangela futhi kukunikeze ukwelashwa okudingekayo.
Isikhathi sokuya e-ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit) ngokushesha
Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo ezimbi kakhulu, hamba uye
eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Uma kuzwakala sengathi kuyaguguleka (Ukuquleka).
- Uma ingqondo iphazamisekile, uma ungakwazi ukuqonda okwenzekayo eduze kwakho (isimo sengqondo esishintshile).
- Uma izindebe zakho, izinzipho, noma isikhumba sakho siphenduka sibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Uma uzizwa ubuthakathaka kakhulu.
- Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.
Ingabe lesi simo singavinjelwa?
Ngenxa yokuthi kunezimbangela eziningi ze-alkalosis yokuphefumula, akuzona zonke ezingavinjelwa. Kodwa kunezinto ezithile ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho:
- Lawula ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka. Izinto ezifana nokuzindla, i-yoga, kanye nokuzivocavoca ngokuphefumula kungasiza. Funa usizo lochwepheshe uma kudingeka.
- Gwema ukubhema, ukufutha i-vape, noma ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo equkethe i-nicotine.
- Zivikele ezifweni. Geza izandla zakho njalo futhi uthole imijovo yakho ngesikhathi.
Umzimba wethu ufana neqembu le-orchestra. Zonke izitho zixhumene futhi zisebenza ngokuvumelana ukugcina umzimba ulinganisele. Ngezinye izikhathi, ingxenye eyodwa, njengengxenye elawula ukuphefumula, ayisebenzi kahle. Yilapho izimo ezifana ne-alkalosis zenzeka khona. Esikhathini esiningi, i-alkalosis yokuphefumula ayiyona ingozi. Kodwa imbangela ingaba yingozi. Ngakho-ke, uma unezimpawu, kuwukuhlakanipha ukubona udokotela bese uthola imbangela ngaphandle kokuzishaya indiva.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-alkalosis yokuphefumula yisimo lapho ukuphefumula okusheshayo kubangela ukwehla kwamazinga e-carbon dioxide egazini kanye nokwanda kwe-pH yegazi.
- Izimpawu ezifana nokuzungeza, ukungazweli ezithweni zomzimba, kanye nokuba nekhanda elikhanyayo zivamile.
- Nakuba lesi simo singeyona ingozi, isifo esibangela lokhu (isib. ukutheleleka, ukuqhekeka kwegazi emaphashini) singaba sibi kakhulu.
- Ukwelashwa akusikho kwesimo se-alkalosis, kodwa kwesifo esiyisisekelo esibangele lokhu.
- Uma lezi zimpawu zivela njalo, bona udokotela. Uma unezimpawu ezinkulu njengokulahlekelwa yingqondo noma ukuquleka, iya ku-ETU ngokushesha.
I-Alkalosis Yokuphefumula, ukuphefumula ngokweqile, izinga lokuphefumula elikhuphukile, isiyezi, ukungazweli kwamalungu, i-pH yegazi, i-carbon dioxide, i-alkalosis yokuphefumula
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