Ingabe kukhona ukopha ngaphakathi kweso lakho? Ake sifunde ngokuphuma kwegazi esweni!

Wake wacabanga ukuthi imithambo yegazi emincane engaphakathi kwamehlo ethu ingaqhuma futhi yophe igazi? Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungenzeka singaqapheli. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esinjalo, okuwukuvuza kwegazi e-retinal, noma njengoba sikubiza ngamagama ezokwelapha, `(Ukuphuma kwegazi e-retinal)`. Ungakhathazeki, sizochaza konke ngalokhu ngamagama alula.

Kuyini Ukopha Okubangelwa Yi-Retinal?

Kalula nje, ukuphuma kwegazi e-retina kuwukuphuma kwegazi e-retina, ingxenye yeso lakho. I-retina ifana nefilimu ekhamera, lapho izithombe esizibonayo ziqoshwa khona. Lokhu kuphuma kwegazi kwenzeka lapho imithambo yegazi ebucayi e-retina yonakele.

Lokhu kungenzeka uma ushaya ikhanda lakho kanzima, noma kungabangelwa izifo ezithile ezithinta amehlo, noma izifo ezithinta imithambo yegazi. Ngokuvamile, lesi simo sithinta iso elilodwa kuphela (sikubiza ngokuthi 'ukuvuza kwegazi kwe-retinal okuyingxenye eyodwa'). Kodwa-ke, akuvamile, ukuthi kwenzeke kuwo womabili amehlo ngesikhathi esisodwa (sikubiza ngokuthi 'ukuvuza kwegazi kwe-retinal okungxenyeni ezimbili').

Cabanga nje, abanye abantu baphuma igazi emehlweni abo kanje futhi abanazo izimpawu. Abazi nokuthi sekwenzekile. Kodwa-ke, abanye bangalahlekelwa umbono wabo. Ukuthi lo monakalo uhlala unomphela noma cha kuncike embangela yokopha kwegazi nokuthi kulahleke igazi elingakanani.

Ukwelashwa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngembangela. Ezimweni eziningi, ukopha okuncane akudingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Kodwa-ke, uma umbono wakho uthintekile noma kunengozi yokuba yimpumputhe unomphela, kungadingeka imijovo, ukwelashwa nge-laser, noma ukuhlinzwa.

Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko emehlweni akho noma ekuboneni, bonana nochwepheshe wamehlo ngokushesha. Uma ulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo kwelinye noma kuwo womabili amehlo, kufanele uye ngqo egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuphuma kwegazi e-retinal?

Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzohlukanisa lokhu kopha ngokusekelwe ekutheni kwenzeke kuphi ku-retina. Ngezinye izikhathi kungahlukaniswa ngesimo sakho. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kopha kungathinta izendlalelo eziningana ze-retina (`i-multilayered retinal hemorrhage`).

Lezi ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko ezibonwayo:

• Ukopha ngaphakathi kweretinal: Lokhu kuwukudabuka noma ukuphuka ngaphakathi kwezicubu ze-retinal. Ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi "ukopha okunamachashazi nokuqhekeka" ngoba kubukeka njengamachashazi noma amabala.
• Ukopha kwegazi kwengqimba ye-retinal nerve fiber:Ingqimba ye-optic nerve fiber (RNFL) iyiqoqo lamaseli ezinzwa axhumanisa i-retina ne-optic nerve. Izinhlobo zokopha ezithinta i-RNFL zifaka phakathi ukopha kwelangabi (okubukeka njengamalangabi), ukopha kwama-disc (okubukeka njengezingcezu zokhuni), kanye nokopha kwama-splinter (okubukeka njengezingcezu zokhuni).
• Ukopha kwegazi ngaphambi kokubeletha: Lokhu kubangelwa ukudabuka kwe-membrane ehlukanisa i-vitreous cavity ne-retina. Ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi isimo sesikebhe noma isimo se-D ngoba kubonakala ngesimo "sesikebhe" noma "se-D".
• Ukopha kwegazi nge-vitreous: Ingaphakathi lamehlo ethu ligcwele into efana nejeli eyenziwe ngamanzi ne-collagen. Ibizwa ngokuthi ijeli ye-vitreous. Lesi simo senzeka lapho igazi liphuma ku-retina lingena emgodini oqukethe le vitreous.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola ukopha kwe-retinal?

Lesi simo singenzeka kunoma ubani. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanezinkinga ezithile zempilo banamathuba amaningi okuba naso. Isibonelo:

• Amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol egazini (i-hyperlipidemia)
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme)
• Ukuncipha nokuqina kwemithambo yegazi (i-atherosclerosis)
• Isifo Sikashukela (`Isifo Sikashukela`)
• Ukonakala kwe-Macular

Le ngozi iphakeme nakubantu abasebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa igazi (isib. i-aspirin noma i-warfarin).

Ungamangali, izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa nazo zingaba nalesi simo ngezinye izikhathi. Cishe ingxenye yezingane ezizalwa ngezindlela zokubeletha ezisizwayo, njengokukhipha i-vacuum noma ukulethwa kwe-forceps, zingase zibe nokopha kwe-retina lapho zizalwa.

Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 banamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi simo ngenxa yezinkinga zamehlo ezivamile ezihambisana nokuguga.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuphuma kwegazi e-retina?

Abantu abaningi banalesi simo kodwa abanazo izimpawu.

Kodwa-ke, uma uba nezimpawu, cishe uzobona izinguquko embonweni wakho. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo.
• Ukuwohloka kancane kancane noma ukufiphala kombono.
• Ukubonakala kwamabala angaboni emehlweni.
• Amabala amnyama noma amabala amnyama embonweni.
• Ukubona izibani (ukukhanya) noma ukuzizwa sengathi izinto (ezintantayo) phambi kwamehlo.

Yiziphi izimbangela zokuphuma kwegazi e-retina?

Lokhu kubangelwa kakhulu ukulimala kwamehlo noma kwemithambo yegazi isikhathi eside, noma ukulimala okungazelelwe (ukuhlukumezeka). Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ukulimala.
• Isifo semithambo yegazi (izimo ezithinta imithambo yegazi yakho).
• Izinkinga zokuzivikela komzimba.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo ezifana ne-leukemia kanye nezifo ezifana ne-bacterial endocarditis nazo zingadala lokhu. Kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40, lesi simo singabangelwa nezifo zamehlo ezihlobene nokuguga njengokonakala kwe-macular.

Ngisho noma wazi ukuthi unesinye salezi zimo, ungacabangi ukuthi uzoqala ukopha kwe-retina. Futhi, lesi simo singavela ngisho noma ungazi ukuthi unesinye salezi zimo.

Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha ukuze ukwazi ukubona izimpawu zokuqala zesimo esingaholela ekopheni kwe-retina esikhathini esizayo.

Kwenzekani ngenxa yokulimala?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokulimala ezibangela lokhu:

• Ukulimala kwamehlo: Noma yikuphi ukulimala ekhanda noma emehlweni kungalimaza imithambo yegazi ku-retina.
• I-Shaken Baby Syndrome: Ukunyakazisa ingane noma ingane encane kungabangela ukuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni bayo kanye ne-retina. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu, ngakho gwema ukunyakazisa izingane ezincane.
• Ukugula Kokuphakama: Uma ngokuzumayo uye endaweni ephakeme, ingcindezi engaphakathi kwamehlo akho ingashintsha futhi ibangele ukopha ku-retina yakho. Lokhu kungenzeka nakubantu ababhukuda nge-scuba abavele emanzini ajulile ngokuzumayo.
• Ubuthi be-carbon monoxide (CO): Lokhu kwenzeka uma uphefumula umusi oqukethe i-carbon monoxide (CO). Ukuphefumula amazinga aphezulu e-CO, ngisho noma imizuzu embalwa, kungakwenza ugule kakhulu noma ufe.

Kwenzekani ngenxa yesifo semithambo yegazi?

Ukopha kwegazi emithanjeni kungabangelwa nezifo ezonakalisa noma ezivimba imithambo yegazi yakho. Lezi zifo ziyingozi kakhulu ngoba zivame ukungabonakali izimpawu kuze kube yilapho kuvela izinkinga. Izifo ezivame kakhulu zemithambo yegazi ezibangela ukopha kwegazi emithanjeni yilezi:

• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension)
• I-cholesterol ephezulu
• Ukuvaleka Kwemithambo Ye-Retinal (ama-RVO)
• I-Preeclampsia yangemva kokubeletha
• I-anemia

Kwenzekani ngenxa yezifo ezibangelwa yi-autoimmune?

Izifo ezizenzakalelayo yilapho amasosha omzimba wakho ehlasela ngephutha umzimba wakho esikhundleni sokukuvikela. Akucaci kahle ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka. Ezinye izinhlobo zezifo ezizenzakalelayo zingalimaza i-retina yakho futhi zibangele ukopha. Izibonelo:

• Isifo Sikashukela (`Isifo Sikashukela`)
• I-Lupus
• I-Vasculitis (ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi)

Ungayibona kanjani i-retinal blood coating?

Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwamehlo.Yilokhu okutholakalayo. Uzobheka amehlo akho (kufaka phakathi nangaphakathi) bese enza ukuhlolwa kokubona .

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenziwa ezinye izivivinyo eziningana ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela ukuphuma kwegazi noma ukubona ukuthi umonakalo ongakanani owenzekile ku-retina. Izivivinyo ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola izifo kanye namazinga e-cholesterol.
• I-Angiography ( ukuhlolwa okuthatha izithombe zemithambo yegazi).
• Isithombe Sokuzwakala Kwe-Magnetic (MRI) .

Ukwelashwa kokuphuma kwegazi e-retina kuphathwa kanjani?

Indlela lokhu okuphathwa ngayo incike ezintweni eziningana:

• Iyini imbangela?
• Umbono wakho uthinteke kangakanani?
• Kuyingozi kangakanani ukopha kwe-retina?

Iningi labantu alidingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Uma unomopho omncane, awubi mubi kakhulu, futhi awuthinti umbono wakho, cishe okudingeka ukwenze nje ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo akho ngudokotela wakho ukuze abone ukuthi ukopha kuyaziphilisa yini ngokwako.

Kodwa-ke, uma udinga ukwelashwa, ungenza okukodwa kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Lungisa ukopha nge-laser noma i-cryotherapy .
• Ukuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe ingcindezi ngaphakathi kweso noma kuxhunywe kabusha i-retina.
• Ukujova umuthi onjenge -anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) noma i- corticosteroid ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala ngaphakathi kweso.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa ekuphumeni kwegazi e-retina?

Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzokutshela ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama, kuye ngezimpawu zakho kanye nembangela yokopha. Ezimweni eziningi, kungathatha amasonto ambalwa ukululama ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

Ngesikhathi sokululama kwakho, kungadingeka ugweme ukuthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi, njengemithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela (ama-OTC NSAID). Khuluma nodokotela wakho wamehlo ngalokhu.

Kwenzekani uma ngiba nokopha kwe-retina?

Abantu abaningi bayalulama ngokuphelele kulesi simo, ngisho nangemva kokuhlinzwa.

Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ukuphuma kwegazi e-retina kungabangela umonakalo ohlala njalo ku-retina yakho, okuthinta umbono wakho impilo yakho yonke. Noma, ungase ube nombono ophansi ngemva kwalesi simo.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukuphuma kwegazi e-retinal?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela lokhu ukugwema izimo ezikubangelayo. Nazi ezinye izinto ongayenza:

• Ukudla ukudla okunempilo okunamafutha agcwele kanye nama-trans, i-cholesterol, i-sodium (usawoti), kanye noshukela.
• Ukuzivocavoca njalo.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo esikufanele.
• Ikakhulukazi ukulawula noma yiziphi izimo zempilo, njengesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu.
• Ukuyeka ukubhema.
• Ukuhlolwa njalo nodokotela kanye nodokotela wamehlo.

Kufanele ngihlolwe amehlo nini?

Ukuhlola amehlo akho njalo kanye nokubona kungasiza uchwepheshe wakho wamehlo ukuthi athole izinkinga kusenesikhathi. Ukuthi kufanele uhlolwe amehlo akho kangaki ngokuvamile kuncike eminyakeni yakho:

• Abantu abadala abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala: Njalo eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyishumi.
• Abantu abadala abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-40 no-54 ubudala: Njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemine.
• Abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala: Njalo ngonyaka kuya eminyakeni emithathu.

Uma ugqoka izibuko, uthintana nabantu, noma udinga olunye usizo lokubona, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo kaningi. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela nabo kudingeka bahlolwe amehlo kaningi. Buza udokotela wakho wamehlo ukuthi kufanele uhlolwe amehlo kangaki.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma ubona noma yiluphi ushintsho emehlweni noma ekuboneni kwakho, bona udokotela noma udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha .

Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo , hamba ngqo egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo (ER):

• Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo.
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu bamehlo.
• Uma ubona izibani ezintsha (`ziyakhanya`) noma izinto (`ezintantayo`) phambi kwamehlo akho.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma uthola ukuthi unesifo sokopha esibizwa ngokuthi i-retina, ungabuza udokotela wakho le mibuzo:

• Yini ebangela lokhu kopha kwe-retinal esweni lami?
• Uhlobo luni lokopha kwe-retinal enginakho?
• Ingabe ngizodinga ukuhlinzwa?
• Ingabe lokhu kuzoba nomthelela ohlala njalo embonweni wami?

Ingabe ukuphuma kwegazi e-retina kanye nokuqhekeka kwe-retina kuyinto efanayo?

Yebo, yize zombili lezi ziyizinkinga ezinkulu ezithinta i-retina, kunomehluko phakathi kwazo zombili.

Ukopha kwegazi e-retina yisimo lapho imithambo yegazi e-retina iqhuma khona futhi yopha igazi ngenxa yomonakalo esweni lakho. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokuzumayo, ngenxa yokulimala, noma kungenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengangenxa yesifo semithambo yegazi.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-RetinalLokhu kwenzeka lapho i-retina yakho isuka esicutshini esingemuva kweso lakho esilisekelayo. Lokhu kungabangela nokuphuma kwegazi kwi-retina. Ukuqhekeka kwe-retina ngokuvamile akubangeli ubuhlungu. Kodwa-ke, ungase ubhekane nezinguquko embonweni wakho, njengokukhanya okungazelelwe, umbono ofiphele, noma ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo kwelinye iso. Ukuqhekeka kwe-retina kungenzeka ngenxa yokulimala kanye nezimo ezifana ne-uveitis, okuwukuvuvukala kwengqimba ephakathi kweso.

Uma ulahlekelwa umbono kwelinye iso noma womabili, noma uma uqala ukubona ukukhanya okusha kanye nokuntanta, hamba uye ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Ingabe ukopha kwe-retinal kanye nokopha kwe-subconjunctival kuyinto efanayo?

Zombili lezi yizimo zokopha ngaphakathi kweso. Umehluko uwukuthi ukopha kuya kuphi.

Ukopha kwe-retinal kuthinta i-retina - ungqimba lwamaseli ngemuva kweso.

Ukopha kwegazi ngaphansi kwe-conjunctival kuwukuqhuma komthambo wegazi ebusweni beso lakho. I-conjunctiva iyi-membrane encane, ecacile evikela iso lakho. Lokhu kuvame ukubukeka kubomvu kuphela, akuthinti umbono wakho, futhi kuyaphola ngokwako.

Ekugcineni, umyalezo okufanele uwuthathe uye ekhaya:

Ukopha kwe-retinal kuyisimo esidinga ukunakwa okuthile. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile singaphathwa kahle. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngaphandle kokulibala uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko emehlweni akho noma ekuboneni.

• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kungasiza ekutholeni izinkinga ezinjalo kusenesikhathi.
• Uma unezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, zilawule kahle.
• Ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo akukuhle emehlweni kuphela, kodwa nakumzimba wonke.

Khumbula, amehlo akho ayigugu kakhulu, ngakho-ke kungumthwalo wakho ukuwanakekela.

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