Ingabe ingane yakho yazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi? Ake sifunde ngalesi sifo samehlo (i-Retinopathy of Prematurity - ROP)!

Ingabe ingane yakho encane izalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi? Noma ingabe inesisindo esingaphansi kwesisindo? Izingane ezinjalo ngezinye izikhathi zingaba nezinkinga ezincane zempilo. Esinye sazo yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), okuyinkinga yamehlo. Ungesabi uma uzwa leli gama. Ake sixoxe ngakho kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Iyini le nkinga yamehlo eyenzeka ezinganeni ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi (i-Retinopathy of Prematurity - ROP)?

Kalula nje, i-ROP yisimo esithinta amehlo ezinye izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-31 (ngaphambi kwesikhathi). Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi imithambo yegazi engavamile yakheka engxenyeni yeso lomntwana ebizwa ngokuthi i-retina . Cabanga ngayo njengefilimu ekhamera. Uma ukukhanya kushaya iso, kuguqulwa kube izimpawu zikagesi bese kuthunyelwa ebuchosheni yile retina. Ubuchopho bube sebusebenzisa lezo zimpawu ukudala izithombe ukuze sizibone. Ngakho-ke, ukugcina le retina iphilile kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ingane ibone umhlaba kahle.

Le mithambo yegazi emisha, engajwayelekile eyakheka ku-ROP ivame ukuba yingozi. Ayidingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile, imane ihlolwe odokotela. Cishe ama-90% ezinsana ezine-ROP ziyalulama ngaphandle kokwelashwa futhi ziphinde zibone ngendlela evamile. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu futhi sisongele umbono wengane. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukwelashwa okusheshayo kuyadingeka ukuvimbela umonakalo ongapheli emehlweni kanye nokulahlekelwa umbono. Uma ingelashwa, amacala amakhulu e-ROP angaholela ngisho nasekungabonini.

Yingakho odokotela bencoma ukuthi kuhlolwe izingane ezisengozini ukuze zithole i-ROP ngokushesha nje lapho zizalwa. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ingane inezimpawu ze-ROP nokuthi ingabe kuyadingeka yini ukwelashwa.

Udokotela wengane yakho uzokutshela ukuthi ingane yakho isengozini yokuthola i-ROP nokuthi uyiletha nini ingane yakho ukuze ihlolwe. Ukuze unciphise ingozi yomonakalo omkhulu ekuboneni kwengane yakho, kubalulekile ukulandela ishejuli yokuhlolwa udokotela wakho akunikeza yona ngqo.

I-ROP ivame kangakanani?

Uma sibheka izibalo ezweni elifana ne-United States, cishe izingane eziyi-14,000 kuya kweziyi-16,000 zithola i-ROP njalo ngonyaka. Kulezi, cishe ezingama-90% zine-ROP encane kakhulu. Okusho ukuthi, azidingi ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kuka-1,100 no-1,500 zithola i-ROP enzima edinga ukwelashwa. Ngenxa yalokho, izingane eziphakathi kuka-400 no-600 ziba yizimpumputhe ngokomthetho njalo ngonyaka. Nakuba izibalo eziqondile ezweni lethu zingase zihluke, lesi yisimo esidinga ukunakwa.

Ziyini izimpawu zengane ene-ROP?

Ngokuvamile, ungase ungakwazi ukubona uphawu olunjalo olukhulu ngokubuka nje ingane yakho. Udokotela wamehlo uwukuphela komuntu ongakwazi ukuxilonga i-ROP ngokunembile ngokuhlola amehlo engane yakho ngokucophelela (ikakhulukazi indlela imithambo yegazi e-retina eyakheka ngayo).

Kungani le ROP yenzeka?

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-ROP ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo evamile yokwakheka kwemithambo yegazi ku-retina yengane.

Cabanga ngakho, imithambo yegazi e-retina yeso iqala ukwakheka kancane ngenkathi umntwana esesesibelethweni. Le mithambo yegazi ayikhiwanga ngokugcwele kuze kube yilapho umntwana ezalwa. Ngakho-ke, imithambo yegazi e-retina yezingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ayikhiwanga ngokugcwele. Le mithambo yegazi iyaqhubeka nokwakheka ngemva kokuzalwa, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ingakhiwa ngendlela engavamile.

Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukusho ngqo ukuthi yiziphi izingane ezizokhula nge-ROP, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi izici ezithile zandisa ingozi yokuthola i-ROP.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi ze-ROP?

Kunezici eziningana eziyingozi zalesi simo:

• Ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi: Uma umntwana ezalwa kusenesikhathi, kulapho ingozi yokuba ne-ROP iba ​​nkulu khona.
• Isisindo sokuzalwa singamagremu angu-1,500 (cishe amakhilogremu angu-1.5, noma cishe amakhilogremu angu-3.3) noma ngaphansi.
• Isifo sokucindezeleka kokuphefumula: Ubunzima bokuphefumula ngemva kokuzalwa.
• Ukopha ngaphakathi kobuchopho (ukuvuza kwegazi ngaphakathi kobuchopho).
• Izifo ezahlukahlukene noma ezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha.

Uma ingane yakho inesinye salezi zici eziyingozi, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo ukuze uhlole izimpawu ze-ROP ngokushesha nje lapho ingane yakho izalwa.

Yiziphi izinkinga zalesi simo?

Uma izimo ezimbi kakhulu ze-ROP zishiywa zingalashwa, kungenzeka isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-retinal detachment . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-retina yengane ihlukana nezicubu ezisekelayo ezizungezile. I-retinal detachment ingabangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kokubona noma ubumpumputhe. Lona umphumela onzima kakhulu we-ROP.

Uyixilonga kanjani ngokunembile i-ROP?

Odokotela bezingane ezisanda kuzalwa emayunithi okunakekelwa kwezinsana bavame ukubona izingane ezisengozini yokuthola i-ROP. Bese bedlulisela ingane kudokotela wamehlo ukuze ihlolwe okwengeziwe.

Phakathi nalolu vivinyo (olubizwa nangokuthi "ukuhlolwa"), udokotela wamehlo usebenzisa amaconsi amehlo ukuze andise iris yomntwana futhi abheke izimpawu ze-ROP. Izithombe zedijithali ze-retina yomntwana nazo zingathathwa. Lolu vivinyo lokuqala luvame ukwenziwa phakathi kwamasonto amane kuya kwayisithupha ngemva kokuzalwa.

Izindlela zokuhlola izingane ze-ROP zingahluka kuye ngezwe. Emazweni afana ne-United States, izingane zivame ukuhlolwa:

• Izingane ezikhulelwe noma ngaphansi kwamasonto angu-30.
• Izingane ezizalwa zinesisindo esingamagremu angu-1,500 (amakhilogremu angu-3.3) noma ngaphansi.
• Izingane ezinezinye izici eziyingozi ze-ROP, noma ngabe zineminyaka yokukhulelwa ephezulu noma isisindo sokuzalwa.

Ingane yakho ingadinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe njalo ngemva kwesonto elilodwa kuya kwamathathu, noma njengoba kuhlelwe udokotela wakho. Udokotela wamehlo wengane yakho uzokutshela ukuthi lokhu kuhlolwa akusadingeki uma imithambo yegazi ku-retina yengane yakho isikhule ngokugcwele futhi ingozi yokuqhekeka kwe-retina isiphelile.

Uma udokotela wamehlo ethola ingane ene-ROP, uzohlukanisa lesi simo ngokwezinga layo.

Yiziphi izigaba ze-ROP?

Ukuze bathole ukuthi i-ROP inzima kangakanani nokuthi ingabe ukwelashwa kuyadingeka yini, odokotela bamehlo bayihlukanisa ngezigaba ezinhlanu. Isigaba 1 sincane kakhulu, kanti isigaba 5 sinzima kakhulu.

• Izigaba 1 no-2: I-ROP encane kuya kwephakathi. Lokhu kuvame ukuba ngcono ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
• Isigaba 3: Isimo se-ROP esingadinga ukwelashwa ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo noma ukuqhekeka kwe-retina.
• Isigaba 4: I-ROP Enzima. Ingxenye ye-retina kungenzeka ukuthi ihlukanisiwe. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubalulekile.
• Isigaba 5: Uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-ROP. I-retina kungenzeka ukuthi isihlukene ngokuphelele. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubalulekile. Ngisho noma ukwelashwa kungenziwa, ukulahlekelwa umbono noma ubumpumputhe.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zigaba, ungase uzwe amanye amagama amabili:

• I-Aggressive ROP (i-Aggressive retinopathy yokuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi): Lolu uhlobo lwe-ROP oluba nzima ngokushesha okukhulu.
• Isifo kanye: Lolu uhlobo olubi lwe-ROP. Lapha, imithambo yegazi e-retina iyavuleka futhi iyahlupha.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-ROP?

Kunezinketho eziningana zokwelapha ze-ROP:

• Ukwelashwa nge-laser: Lokhu kwelashwa kuhilela ukuqondisa umsebe we-laser emaphethelweni angaphandle e-retina yengane, kudala iphethini yokusha okuncane. Lokhu kusha kuvimbela ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi engavamile. Ukwelashwa nge-laser kusebenza cishe ngo-90% ekwelapheni i-ROP.
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Anti-VEGF: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka umuthi esweni lomntwana. Lo muthi uvimba ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi engajwayelekile.

Udokotela wamehlo wengane yakho uzochaza izinzuzo nezingozi zalezi zindlela zokwelapha, kanye nokuthi yiluphi uhlelo lokwelapha olulungele ingane yakho.

Ungakhathazeki, odokotela bahlala bezama ukwenza okungcono kakhulu kumntwana.

Uma i-retina yengane yakho ihlukanisiwe ngandlela thile (okungukuthi, uma i-ROP isesigabeni sesi-4 noma sesi-5), ingane yakho izodinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa uchwepheshe we-retina. Isibonelo, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlinzwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-vitrectomy .

Ilashwa nini i-ROP?

Uma ingane yakho isengozini yokuthola ukuhlukana kwe-retina, noma uma isivele ithole ukuhlukana kwe-retina, izodinga ukwelashwa. Udokotela wamehlo wengane yakho uzonquma isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokwelashwa ngokusekelwe esigabeni se-ROP kanye nolwazi oluvela ezivivinyweni.

Ingabe i-ROP ingavinjelwa?

I-ROP ibangelwa kakhulu ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, noma yiziphi izinyathelo ongazithatha ukunciphisa ingozi yokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi zizosiza ekunciphiseni amathuba okuba ingane yakho ithole i-ROP. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho.

Kodwa, kufanele futhi ukhumbule lokhu. Ngezinye izikhathi, noma ngabe wenza konke ongakwenza, ungase ungakwazi ukuvimbela ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Uma lokho kwenzeka, ungazibeki icala ngakho. Ngenxa yezindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe zanamuhla kanye nobuchwepheshe, ngisho nezinsana ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi zingaphila impilo enempilo nejabulisayo.

Ingabe i-ROP iyahamba?

Esikhathini esiningi, i-ROP iba ​​ngcono ngokwayo ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo ohlala njalo ku-retina noma embonweni wengane. Kodwa-ke, amacala amakhulu e-ROP adinga ukwelashwa ukuze kuvinjelwe izinkinga ezifana nokuqhekeka kwe-retina nokulahlekelwa umbono.

Khuluma nodokotela wamehlo wengane yakho mayelana nokuthi hlobo luni lokwelashwa ingane yakho ezoludinga nokuthi i-ROP izowuthinta kanjani umbono wayo esikhathini esizayo.

Ngingamnakekela kanjani umntwana wami?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukuhambisa ingane yakho kuzo zonke izikhathi zokuhlolwa ezinconywe udokotela wamehlo wengane yakho. Lezi zivivinyo zibalulekile ukuthola i-ROP kusenesikhathi futhi uqale ukwelashwa ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokulimala kombono unomphela.

Izingane ezelashwa nge-ROP zizodinga ukuvakashelwa okulandelayo kukho konke ukuphila kwazo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ebuntwaneni. Phakathi nalokhu kuvakasha, udokotela wamehlo wengane uzohlola izimpawu zokwakheka kwemithambo yegazi okungavamile, ngisho neminyaka eminingi ngemva kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo.

Izingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi ezingenayo i-ROP zisadinga ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi zisengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo ezithile zamehlo. Isibonelo:

• I-Amblyopia noma iso elivilaphayo
• I-Strabismus noma amehlo ahlanganisiwe
• I-Glaucoma

Buza udokotela wamehlo wengane yakho ukuthi ingane yakho kufanele ihlolwe amehlo kangaki, bese ulandela leso simiso ngqo.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho?

Ukuze ufunde kabanzi nge-ROP, ungabuza udokotela wamehlo wengane yakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingabe ingane yami isengozini yokuthola i-ROP?
• Umntwana wami kufanele ahlolwe kangaki i-ROP?
• Kunini lapho ingane yami ingadinga ukwelashwa khona?
• Iyiphi indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu?
• Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kokwelashwa?
• Yiziphi izivivinyo zokulandelela ingane yami ezizodinga ngemva kokwelashwa?
• Uyini umbono wengane yami?

Ukuthola ukuthi ingane yakho inenkinga yamehlo kungaba umthombo wokukhathazeka nokwesaba. Ukufunda ukuthi ingane yakho ine-ROP kungaba yinto ecindezelayo, futhi kungaba yinto ecindezelayo nakakhulu uma ingane yakho inezinye izinkinga zempilo. Khumbula, ithimba lezokwelapha lengane yakho likhona ukukusiza isinyathelo ngasinye. Bhala phansi imibuzo yakho bese uyiletha kuyo yonke i-aphoyintimenti. Thola lonke ulwazi oludingayo ukusekela impilo yengane yakho phakathi nalezi zinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala ezibalulekile nangemuva kwalokho.

Ngamafuphi, umyalezo okufanele uwuthathe uye nawo ekhaya:

Kulungile, ake siphinde sixoxe ngamaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu kulokho esikhulume ngakho:

• I-ROP yisimo esithinta kakhulu amehlo ezinsana ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
• Iningi lezinsana line-ROP encane futhi liba ngcono ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
• Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo ezinzima, ukulahlekelwa umbono kungenzeka, ngakho-ke ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kubalulekile.
• Ungalokothi weqe ukuhlolwa kwe-ROP okunconywe odokotela. Kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela umbono wengane yakho.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi zonke izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi zihlolwe amehlo njalo , kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zine-ROP noma cha.
• Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela wengane yakho.

Sonke sifisela ingane yakho ikusasa elinempilo nelichumayo!

I- retinopathy yokukhulelwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, i-ROP, izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, izinkinga zamehlo, ukulahlekelwa umbono, ukunakekelwa kwezinsana, udokotela wamehlo, ukwelashwa nge-laser, ukwelashwa kwe-anti-VEGF, izifo zamehlo ezinganeni