Uma ungumama okhulelwe, noma ungumuntu olindele umntwana maduze, okunye kokuhlolwa kokuqala udokotela wakho azokuyala ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Lokhu kuzohlola uhlobo lwegazi lakho nokunye okubaluleke kakhulu. Leso yi-Rh factor yakho. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa leli gama ngaphambili. Kodwa abantu abaningi abanalo ulwazi oluningi lokuthi lisho ukuthini. Iyini ngempela i-Rh factor? Kungani ibaluleke kangaka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa? Ungakhathazeki, sizokhuluma ngayo kalula nangokucacile.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Rh factor?
Kulungile, ake sikubeke ngale ndlela. Cabanga ngamaseli abomvu egazi emzimbeni wakho njengamabhola amancane kakhulu, ayindilinga. Abanye abantu banohlobo olukhethekile lweprotheyini olunamathele ebusweni, noma ngaphandle, kwala maseli abomvu egazi. Leyo protheyini yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Rh factor , noma i-Rhesus factor, kwezokwelapha.
Lokhu kuyinto oyizuza njengefa. Lokho kusho ukuthi uyithola kumama wakho nobaba wakho.
- I-Rh-positive: Uma uneprotheni ebusweni bamaseli akho abomvu egazi, une-Rh-positive. NgesiSinhala, kusho ukuthi une-Rh-positive. ESri Lanka nakwamanye amazwe omhlaba, iningi labantu, okungukuthi, cishe abangu-85 kwabayi-100, bane-Rh-positive.
- I-Rh-negative: Uma ungenayo le phrotheni ebusweni bamaseli akho abomvu egazi, u-Rh-negative. Lokho kusho ukuthi u-Rh-negative.
Uhlobo lwegazi lakho lungaba u-A, u-B, u-AB, noma u-O. Lesi sici se-Rh sihlotshaniswa nalolo hlobo lwegazi. Isibonelo, uma uhlobo lwegazi lakho luyi-A futhi une-Rh-positive, uhlobo lwegazi lakho lonke luyi-"A positive." Uma une-Rh-negative, luyi-"A negative."
Into ebalulekile ukuthi noma ngabe une-Rh-positive noma i-Rh-negative akuthinti impilo yakho jikelele nganoma iyiphi indlela. Akusona isifo. Ngeke sikulimaze nganoma iyiphi indlela. Lokhu kubaluleke kuphela ezimweni ezikhethekile. Lokho kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Kungani i-Rh factor ibalulekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa? (Ukungavumelani kwe-Rh)
Nakhu okwenzekayo. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi ukungavumelani kwe-Rh , okwenzeka kuphela uma umama engenawo u-Rh kanti umntwana osesiswini une-Rh-positive .
Ake sikwenze kube lula lokhu. Cabanga ngomzimba wakho njengezwe elinebutho elihle lokuzivikela. Njengoba ungenayo i-Rh, izwe lakini (umzimba) alinayo leyo phrotheni ye-Rh. Manje, uma igazi lomntwana esibelethweni sakho liba yi-Rh-positive, lokho kusho ukuthi umntwana unaleyo phrotheni emangqamuzaneni akhe abomvu egazi.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, igazi likamama nelomntwana ngokuvamile alihlangani ngqo. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokubeletha, inani elincane kakhulu legazi lomntwana lingangena egazini likamama.
Uma lokhu kwenzeka, izivikelo zikamama (amasosha omzimba) zibona iphrotheni ye-Rh egazini lomntwana njengesitha sangaphandle, umhlaseli. Bacabanga ukuthi, "Yini le nto entsha engene emizimbeni yethu? Lokhu akuyona into emizimbeni yethu," bese beqala ukwenza izikhali ezikhethekile zokulwa nayo. Sibiza lezi zikhali ngokuthi ama-antibodies . Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukuzwela kwe-Rh .
Izimo lapho igazi lomntwana lingaxubana nelikamama:
- Ngesikhathi sokubeletha: Lesi yisimo esivame kakhulu. Kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokubeletha ngesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma ngokuhlinzwa.
- Ukopha kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Ukulimala noma ingozi esiswini.
- Izinkinga ekukhulelweni kokuqala, njengokuphuphuma kwesisu noma ukukhulelwa okungaphandle kwesibeletho.
- Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okukhethekile njenge-amniocentesis.
- Uma umntwana esesimweni sokukhwehlela, udokotela uzama ukumphendula ngesandla umntwana ngesikhathi senqubo ye-ECV.
Ingabe le ngozi iyamthinta umntwana wokuqala noma owesibili?
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, ingane yokuqala ene-Rh yomama ongenayo i-Rh ayinazo izinkinga ezinkulu.
Isizathu siwukuthi, njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, igazi lomntwana cishe lizongena emzimbeni kamama ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Bese kuthi lapho umzimba kamama uqala ukwenza lawo ma-antibodies, umntwana abe esezelwe kakade. Ngakho-ke umntwana wokuqala ngeke alimale.
Kodwa, inkinga yangempela iqala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa okulandelayo.
Manje umzimba kamama uyayibona iphrotheni ye-Rh futhi ulungiselela ukwenza ama-antibodies okulwa nayo. Uma uphethe umntwana one-Rh-positive esibelethweni sakho okwesibili , ama-antibodies owawenza ngaphambilini, ecabanga ukuthi, "Nasi isitha futhi!", awela i-placenta bese eqala ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana egazi abomvu engane. Kunjengokungathi impi iqalile ngaphakathi kwengane.
Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi isifo se-Rh . Uma singelashwa, singaba yingozi kakhulu enganeni esibelethweni.
| I-Rh factor kamama | I-Rh factor kababa | I-Rh factor yengane kanye nengozi yayo |
|---|---|---|
| I-Rh-negative (engemihle) | I-Rh-positive | Ingane ingase ibe ne-Rh-positive. Kukhona ingozi yokungalingani kwe-Rh. |
| I-Rh-negative (engemihle) | I-Rh-negative (engemihle) | Ingane izoba ne-Rh-negative. Akukho bungozi. |
| I-Rh-positive | I-Rh-positive noma i-Rh-negative | Ingane ingaba ne-positive noma i-negative. Kodwa njengoba umama ene-positive, akukho bungozi. |
Ukuthola kanjani lokhu? Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Ngenhlanhla, ukuxilonga nokwelapha lesi simo kulula kakhulu kulezi zinsuku.
Ukuxilongwa
Uma nje uthola ukuthi ukhulelwe, udokotela wakho uzoyala ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kutholakale uhlobo lwegazi lakho oluqondile kanye ne-Rh factor.
- Uma une -Rh-positive , akukho nkinga. Akudingeki wenze okunye.
- Uma ungenayo i-Rh , kuzokwenziwa olunye uhlolo ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umzimba wakho unama-antibodies yini ngokumelene neprotheni ye-Rh.
Ukwelashwa: Umuthi wokugomela i-Anti-D
Uma ungenayo i-Rh futhi umzimba wakho ungakakhiqizi amasosha omzimba, odokotela bazokunikeza umjovo olula kakhulu kodwa obaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi umjovo we-Anti-D . Igama lezokwelapha yi -Rh immune globulin (RhIg) .
Lo muthi wokugomela ufana nomyalezo ongamanga ohlelweni lwakho lokuzivikela komzimba. Uvimba ngokuphelele umzimba wakho ekwenzeni lawo ma-antibodies ayingozi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma ngabe ingxenye encane yegazi lomntwana wakho ingena emzimbeni wakho, umzimba wakho ngeke uyibone njengesitha.
Lo mjovo uvame ukunikezwa uma:
- Cishe amasonto angama-28 okukhulelwa: Wonke umama ongenayo i-Rh unikezwa umuthi owodwa wokugoma ngalesi sikhathi njengesinyathelo sokuqapha.
- Kungakapheli amahora angu-72 kusukela ekubelethweni: Igazi lomntwana liyahlolwa futhi kuphela uma umntwana ene-Rh-positive, umama unikezwa omunye umjovo. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvikela umntwana ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa okulandelayo.
- Kwezinye izimo: Udokotela anganikeza lo muthi wokugoma uma kukhona ukopha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, uma kukhona ingozi yesisu, noma uma kukhona ukuphuphuma kwesisu.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lo muthi wokugomela i-Anti-D usebenza kuphela ngaphambi kokuba umzimba wakho wakhe ama-antibodies. Uma ama-antibodies engasathuthukiswa, umuthi wokugomela ngeke usebenze. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi i-Rh factor yakho kusenesikhathi.
Yiziphi izinkinga ingane engaba nazo uma ingelashwa?
Ukungahambisani kwe-Rh akuthinti umama, kodwa uma kungelashwa, kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu enganeni esibelethweni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwesibili noma okulandelayo.
Inkinga enkulu yi -hemolytic anemia . Kalula nje, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi lomntwana abhujiswa ngokushesha kunalawo akhiqizwayo. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi yiwo athwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke. Uma ebhujiswa, umntwana angaba nezinkinga ezinkulu.
- I-Jaundice: Uma amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ewohloka, kukhiqizwa into ephuzi ebizwa ngokuthi i-bilirubin. Uma lokhu kwakheka, isikhumba namehlo omntwana kuba phuzi. Amazinga aphezulu angalimaza nobuchopho.
- Ukwehluleka Kwesibindi Nenhliziyo: Inhliziyo nesibindi somntwana kufanele sisebenze kanzima ukuze sithathe indawo yamaseli abomvu egazi abhujiswayo. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi lezi zitho zomzimba zikhule futhi zehluleke ukusebenza.
- Ukuzalwa kwengane ifile: Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ingane ingashona esibelethweni ngenxa yokuntuleka kwegazi kanye nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Njengoba sekuthuthukiswe umuthi wokugomela i-Anti-D, izimo ezinzima kangaka azivamile kulezi zinsuku.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Rh factor iyiprotheni ebusweni bamaseli akho abomvu egazi. Uma unayo, 'une-Rh-positive', noma 'une-Rh-negative'.
- Lesi akusona isifo, kodwa uma ungenayo i-Rh futhi ingane yakho ine-Rh, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi 'ukungahambisani kwe-Rh' singavela.
- Lokhu ngokuvamile akuthinti ingane yokuqala, kodwa kungaba yingozi enganeni esesibelethweni ekukhulelweni okulandelayo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kunganquma i-Rh factor yakho.
- Zonke izinkinga ezihlobene nalokhu zingavinjelwa ngokuphelele ngokuthola umuthi wokugomela i-Anti-D (i-Rh immune globulin).
- Uma uthola ukuthi awunayo i-Rh, ungesabi. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho bese ulandela imiyalelo yakhe ngqo. Ukugonywa ngesikhathi kungasiza ekugcineni wena nomntwana wakho niphilile.
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