USudesh (oneminyaka engu-23) weza emtholampilo wami ngalolo suku ekhathazekile kakhulu. Wayesanda kufunda ku-inthanethi ukuthi ukutheleleka nge-HIV (igciwane lokuntuleka kwamandla omzimba womuntu) kwakwanda ngokushesha entsheni eSri Lanka.
"Dkt. Priya, ngizizwa ngesaba kakhulu uma ngibona le datha. Ingabe isimo eSri Lanka sibi kangaka ngempela? Iyini imbangela yalokhu kusabalala, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabesilisa abasebasha? Asikwazi yini ukuphunyuka kulokhu?" kubuza uSudesh ngentshisekelo enkulu.
Ngachazela uSudesh ngomoya ophansi: "Sudesh, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ubuze lo mbuzo. Ngoba namuhla ukwanda kokutheleleka nge-HIV phakathi kwesizukulwane esisha eSri Lanka sekuyinkinga enkulu yezempilo yomphakathi. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi lokhu, kodwa ukwazi ulwazi olufanele lwesayensi kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu obala namuhla."
Idatha ithi: Kungani i-HIV ikhula phakathi kwabesilisa abasebasha?
Uma sibheka idatha evela kuHlelo Lokulawula Izifo Ezithathelwana Ngocansi kanye Nengculazi LaseSri Lanka, kubonakala sengathi inani elikhulu labantu abasanda kubikwa ukuthi banegciwane lesandulela ngculazi ezikhathini zamuva nje ngamadoda asemasha.
Ngokusho kwedatha ebikwe ngo-2022, intsha eneminyaka eyi-15-24 ilinganiselwa ku-12% wabo bonke abantu abangenwa yi-HIV. Kulaba, abangama-92% bangabantu abasha, kanti abangama-80% babo babike ukuthi bake balala namadoda ngendlela engavikelekile.
Inani elikhulu labantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi libikwe ezifundeni zaseColombo, eGampaha, eKalutara naseKurunegala ezifundazweni zaseNtshonalanga naseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga, kanye nasesifundeni saseGalle esifundazweni saseNingizimu. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi banegciwane ngemva kwesikhathi eside. Ngaleso sikhathi, inani labo le-CD4 (inani lamaseli omzimba) liphansi kakhulu. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi abakaphendukeli ekuhloleni lesi sifo kusenesikhathi.
Kungani ubudlelwano besilisa abathandana nabobulili obufanayo bubeka engcupheni enkulu yokusabalalisa i-HIV?
Izizathu eziningana eziyinhloko zinegalelo ekwandeni kwengozi yokudluliselwa kwe-HIV phakathi kwabesilisa abalala nabesilisa (MSM) :
1. Ingozi Yebhayoloji: Ngesikhathi socansi lwendunu, izicubu ezibushelelezi endunu zingalimala noma ziklwejwe kalula, okwenza kube lula ukuthi igciwane elisezinhlayiyeni zobulili lingene emzimbeni ngqo ngegazi.
2. Ukusetshenziswa okuphansi kwamakhondomu: Njengoba kwembulwe yizinhlolovo ezahlukahlukene, inani elincane kakhulu (cishe u-18%) labantu abasebudlelwaneni bobulili obufanayo abasebenzise amakhondomu ngendlela efanele ngesikhathi sokulalana kwabo kokugcina.
3. Ukucwaswa Komphakathi: Ngenxa yokwesaba ukucwaswa komphakathi kanye nemingcele yezomthetho, abantu abaningi bayafihla ukuthi bangobani ngokobulili. Lokhu kubenza bangathandi ukuya emitholampilo yezempilo bayohlolwa i-HIV.
🚨 Amafulegi Abomvu adinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo
Izimpawu ezilandelayo zingase zivele phakathi kwamasonto ama-2 nama-6 ngemuva kokungena kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi emzimbeni (ngesikhathi sokugula kwe-seroconversion), futhi uma lezi zivela ngemva kokuxhumana okunjalo okusolisayo, kufanele uye emtholampilo ngokushesha:
- Umkhuhlane ophakeme oqhubekayo kanye nokujuluka kakhulu ebusuku.
- Ukwehla kwesisindo somzimba ngokushesha ngesikhathi esifushane ngaphandle kwesizathu (Ukulahlekelwa Isisindo Okungachazeki).
- Ama-lymph node avuvukele entanyeni, emakhwapheni, noma embotsheni amasonto amaningana.
- Uhudo oluhlala isikhathi eside kanye nezilonda zomlomo ezingapholi noma izifo zesikhunta.
Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukusabalala kwe-HIV? (Ukuvimbela)
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ingozi yokuthola i-HIV ingasuswa cishe ngokuphelele ngokulandela imikhuba emihle yezempilo:
- Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwekhondomu: Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamakhondomu okuvimbela inzalo njalo uma uya ocansini kungavimbela ukudluliswa kwe-HIV ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-90.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwe-PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis): Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-pre-exposure prophylaxis . Lo muthi, othathwa nsuku zonke ngabantu abasengozini enkulu yokutheleleka nge-HIV, uvimbela ingozi yokuthola igciwane cishe ngo-99%.
- Hlola njalo: Noma ubani ohlanganyela ocansini kufanele ahlolelwe i-HIV okungenani kanye ngonyaka. Njengamanje, ama-86% alabo abangenwe yileli gciwane eSri Lanka ayazi ukuthi banegciwane, kanti i-UNAIDS (i-Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS) ihlose ukwandisa lokhu kube ngama-95%.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwe-PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis): Uma kwenzeka ucansi olungavikelekile, lolu hlobo lokwelashwa oluphuthumayo, oluthathwa zingakapheli amahora angu-72, lungavimbela igciwane ukuthi lingasabalali emzimbeni.
Ukwelashwa: Ukuphila Unempilo Ne-HIV
Nakuba i-HIV yayibhekwa njengesifo esibulalayo esikhathini esidlule, izindlela zokwelapha zanamuhla ziye zavumela iziguli ukuba ziphile isikhathi eside njengomuntu ophilile ojwayelekile.
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko yi -ART (Ukwelashwa Nge-Antiretroviral) . Le mithi ilawula ngokuphelele ukwanda kwegciwane emzimbeni.
Cishe abantu abangu-80% abaphila negciwane lengculazi eSri Lanka okwamanje bathola i-ART, kanti abangu-87% babo banegciwane elingatholakali. Uma igciwane lilawulwa lifinyelela ezingeni elingatholakali ngisho nasekuhlolweni kwegazi (elingatholakali = elingadluliselwa), ingozi yokudlulisela igciwane komunye umuntu yehla ibe yi-zero (0%).
Okumele Ukwenze Nokungafanele Ukwenze
| ✔️ Izinto okufanele uzenze (Okufanele Uzenze) | ❌ Okungafanele ukwenze |
|---|---|
| Uma uhlanganyela ocansini, iya emtholampilo kahulumeni wezocansi noma emtholampilo ozimele othembekile bese uthola ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV okuyimfihlo. | Ngisho noma kuvela izimpawu, ungafihli ukugula kwakho ngokungayi emitholampilo yezokwelapha ngenxa yokwesaba imibono yomphakathi. |
| Uma useqenjini elisengozini enkulu, sebenzisa i-PrEP nsuku zonke njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho. | Gwema ukwabelana ngamasirinji (lokhu kuvamile phakathi kwabasebenzisi bezidakamizwa). |
| Uma unegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, thatha imithi ye-ART oyinikezwe udokotela wakho nsuku zonke ngesikhathi esihleliwe ngaphandle kokweqa. | Ungababheki abantu abaphila negciwane lengculazi ngenzondo noma ngobandlululo. |
❓ Eminye imibuzo ongase ube nayo (Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo)
Ngingazitholaphi izivivinyo ze-HIV zamahhala eSri Lanka? ▼
Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV kungenziwa kunoma yimuphi umtholampilo kahulumeni wezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi esiqhingini sonke, mahhala, kuyimfihlo ephelele.
Ingabe ukusebenzisa i-PrEP kungavimbela ezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (ama-STI) ?
Cha, i-PrEP ivimbela kuphela ukutheleleka nge-HIV. Amakhondomu kumele asetshenziswe ukuvikela ezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, njenge-syphilis, i-gonorrhea, noma i-herpes.
Kungenzeka yini ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwe-HIV kusuka kumama kuya enganeni yakhe ?
Yebo, ngokunikeza umama ukwelashwa okufanele kwe-ART ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nemithi ekhethekile enikezwa ingane ngemva kokubeletha, ingozi yokudluliselwa kwegciwane kusuka kumama kuya enganeni ingancishiswa ibe ngaphansi kuka-1%.
Ingabe i-ART ingayiqeda ngokuphelele i-HIV emzimbeni ?
Cha, okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa kwe-HIV emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, imithi ye-ART ingagcina igciwane lingasebenzi emzimbeni futhi ivumele abantu ukuba baphile impilo evamile nenempilo.
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