Ingabe uvame ukuba nezinkinga ze-sinus? Ake sixoxe nge-sinusitis!

Ingabe nawe unekhala elicijile? Ingabe uzizwa sengathi i-mucus iyehla emphinjeni wakho, noma i-mucus ejiyile iphuma ekhaleni lakho? Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uba nobunzima obungavamile ebusweni nasebunzini lakho, kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu? Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokuthi une-sinusitis. Abantu abaningi babiza lokhu ngokuthi i-sinusitis. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa futhi namuhla.

Kuyini i-Sinusitis? Ziyini i-Sinus?

Kalula nje, i-sinusitis ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwama-sinuses akho. Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi ziyini lezi zifo.

Cabanga nje, ngaphakathi kobuso bakho, ngaphandle kwamakhala akho, ngaphansi kwamehlo akho, kanye nasebunzini lakho, kunezimbobo ezine ezincane ezigcwele umoya (ngamabili). Zifana nemihume emincane. Lezi yizinto esizibiza ngokuthi ama-sinuses. Lezi zimbobo zixhunywe komunye nomunye ngemihubhe emincane. Ngokuvamile, lezi zimbobo zigcwele umoya.

Lawa ma-sinuses akhiqiza uketshezi olufana ne-mucus. Lokhu ketshezi luphuma ngemihubhe yamakhala. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina impumulo yakho ihlanzekile futhi kuyivikele ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane, njengebhaktheriya kanye nezinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba.

Kodwa-ke, uma ngesizathu esithile, isibonelo, ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, ukutheleleka ngegciwane, noma ukungezwani komzimba, ulwelwesi lwalezi zinambuzane luyavuvukala, luvale izindlela zokuphuma koketshezi. Bese uketshezi luvaleleka ngaphakathi, ludale ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwezimbobo. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-sinusitis, noma njengoba abanye bekubiza kanjalo, i-rhinosinusitis. Yilokhu okubangela izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bobuso kanye nokuminyana kwamakhala.

Zikhona yini izinhlobo ze-sinusitis?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-sinusitis. Lezi zihlukaniswa ngokuyinhloko ngokusekelwe ekutheni lesi simo sesibe khona isikhathi esingakanani, kanye nokuthi yini ebangela lokho.

Hlela ngesikhathi:

• I-Acute Sinusitis: Izimpawu (ukuminyana kwamakhala, ikhala eligelezayo, ubuhlungu bobuso/ingcindezi, ukulahlekelwa yiphunga) zihlala isikhathi esingaphansi kwamasonto amane . Ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane, njengomkhuhlane.
• I-Subacute Sinusitis: Lolu hlobo lwe-sinusitis lwenzeka lapho izimpawu ziqala emavikini amane kuya kwayishumi nambili (izinyanga ezi-3) .
• I-Sinusitis Engapheli: Izimpawu zihlala okungenani amasonto ayishumi nambili (izinyanga ezi-3) . Ngokuvamile ibangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane.
• I-Recurrent Acute Sinusitis: Lokhu kubhekisela kubantu abane-sinusitis izikhathi ezine noma ngaphezulu ngonyaka , abanezimpawu ezihlala isikhathi esingaphansi kwamasonto amabili isikhathi ngasinye.

Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwembangela:

• I-Sinusitis Yamagciwane:Ukutheleleka ngegciwane ngezinye izikhathi kungaholela ekuthelelekeni ngamagciwane, okubangela i-sinusitis. Uma ikhala eligobhozayo, impumulo evalekile, kanye nobuhlungu bobuso kungapheli zingakapheli izinsuku eziyishumi, kungaba ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zingase ziphele bese zibuya. Ama-antibiotic kanye nama-decongestant ngokuvamile ayasebenza kulokhu.
• I-Viral Sinusitis: Iningi le-sinusitis libangelwa amagciwane, njengamagciwane abangela umkhuhlane ovamile.
• I-Fungal Sinusitis: Lokhu kuyinto engavamile, kodwa kufanelekile ukuyithatha ngokungathi sína kunezinye izinhlobo. Unamathuba amaningi okuthola lolu hlobo lwe-sinusitis, ikakhulukazi uma amasosha omzimba wakho ebuthakathaka (isibonelo, uma une-HIV, umdlavuza, noma uthatha imithi ethile).

Ingabe nginesifo se-sinusitis, i-COVID, umkhuhlane, noma ukungezwani komzimba? Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi ngiqinisekile?

Lokhu kuyinkinga yangempela kubantu abaningi. Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zomkhuhlane, i-COVID-19, ukungezwani komzimba, kanye nokutheleleka kwama-sinus konke kufana kakhulu, kungaba nzima kancane ukuzihlukanisa.

• Umkhuhlane: Ngokuvamile uvela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ube mubi kakhulu, bese uphela kancane kancane. Ungahlala kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya cishe esontweni.
• Ukungezwani nekhala: Izimpawu eziyinhloko ukuthimula njalo, ikhala elilumayo namehlo, ukuminyana kwekhala, ikhala eligobhozayo, kanye nokuvuza kwekhala ngemva kokukhala. Kodwa-ke, ukungezwani nekhala akuvamile ukubangela ubuhlungu bobuso njengokutheleleka kwe-sinus.
• I-COVID-19: Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezengeziwe njengomkhuhlane kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.
• I-Sinusitis: Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ukuqina kobuso, ubuhlungu, ulwelwesi olujiyile oluphuzi noma oluluhlaza, kanye nomlomo onuka kabi (halitosis).

Into ebalulekile ukuthi ukutheleleka kwe-sinus kungabangelwa umkhuhlane, i-COVID, noma ukungezwani komzimba. Manje usungakwazi ukuhlola ukutheleleka kwegciwane njenge-COVID-19 kanye ne-influenza.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-sinusitis?

Lezi yizimpawu ezivame kakhulu zokutheleleka kwe-sinus:

• Ukuconsa kwangemva kwempumulo.
• Impumulo egobhozayo enomuthi ophuzi noma oluhlaza okotshani.
• Ukuminyana kwamakhala.
• Umuzwa wokucindezeleka noma ukuqina ebusweni (ikakhulukazi eduze kwekhala, amehlo, kanye nebunzi). Lokhu kungaba kubi nakakhulu uma uhambisa ikhanda noma ulele phansi.
• Ukucindezeleka noma ubuhlungu emazinyweni.
• Ukucindezeleka noma ubuhlungu endlebeni.
• Imfiva.
• Umoya omubi (halitosis) noma ukunambitheka okubi emlonyeni.
• Ukukhwehlela.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu.
• Ngikhathele.

Ziyini izimbangela zokutheleleka kwe-sinus?

I-Sinusitis ingabangelwa amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, isikhunta, kanye nezinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba. Ezinye zezimbangela ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Umkhuhlane.
• Umkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane.
• Ezinye izinhlobo zamabhaktheriya, isibonelo `(Streptococcus pneumoniae)`, `(Haemophilus influenzae)`, `(Moraxella catarrhalis)`.
• Ukungezwani nezimpumulo kanye nezikhathi ezithile zonyaka.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-sinusitis?

Abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuthola i-sinusitis kunabanye. Lezi zici eziyingozi yilezi:

• Kulabo abanokungezwani nokudla ekhaleni.
• Kulabo abane-asthma.
• Kubantu abanezinto ezifana nama-polyp ekhaleni noma izimila zamakhala.
• Kulabo abane-septum ephambukile (izicubu eziphakathi kwekhala ezibizwa ngokuthi i-septum). Uma lokhu kuphambukile, indlela yokungena kolunye uhlangothi lwekhala ingaba mncane futhi ivaleke.
• Abantu abanesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka. Lokhu kungabangelwa izifo ezifana ne-HIV noma umdlavuza, noma imithi ethile.
• Kulabo ababhemayo.

Ingabe i-sinusitis iyathelelana?

I-Sinusitis ngokwayo ayithelelani. Kodwa-ke, amagciwane namagciwane ayibangelayo angaba yiyo. Ngakho-ke, uma ugula, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka njengokuhlala kude nabanye, ukugeza izandla zakho njalo, nokumboza umlomo nekhala lakho ngendololwane yakho.

Kwenzekani uma i-sinusitis ingelashwa?

Akuzona zonke izifo ze-sinusitis ezidinga ukwelashwa. Esikhathini esiningi, zizophela zodwa. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile , uma zingalashwa, lokhu kutheleleka kungasakazekela ebuchosheni, emehlweni, noma emathanjeni aseduze, okubangela ukuba amagciwane noma isikhunta kusakazeke futhi kube yingozi empilweni. Yingakho kubalulekile ukunaka izimpawu.

Udokotela uluthola kanjani ukutheleleka kwe-sinus?

Odokotela baxilonga i-sinusitis ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wakho wezempilo. Udokotela uzohlola izindlebe zakho, ikhala, nomphimbo ukuze abheke ukuvuvukala, ulwelwesi, noma ukuvaleka. Bangase basebenzise ithuluzi elincane elikhanyayo elibizwa ngokuthi i-endoscope ukuze babheke ngaphakathi kwekhala lakho.

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa okuyinhloko angakudlulisela kuchwepheshe, njengochwepheshe we-otolaryngologist noma uchwepheshe we-ENT.

Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kokuxilonga i-sinusitis:

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela angase acele ukuhlolwa okufana nalokhu:

• I-endoscopy yekhala: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka ipayipi elinekhamera encane ekhaleni.
• Ama-swab ekhala: Kuthathwa isampula ye-mucus ekhaleni bese ihlolwa amagciwane noma amanye amagciwane.
• Izithombe: Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ucelwe ukuthi wenze i-``(CT) scan`` (i-Computed Tomography scan) ukuze ubone ukuthi kwenzekani ngaphakathi kwama-sinuses akho.
• Ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba: Uma une-sinusitis engapheli, lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi yikuphi ukungezwani komzimba okubangela lokhu.
• I-Biopsy: Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi kuthathwe isampula yezicubu ekhaleni bese kuhlolwa.

Iphathwa kanjani i-sinusitis?

Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha i-sinusitis, kuye ngezimpawu zakho nokuthi usunesikhathi esingakanani unayo. Ungazama lezi zinto ekhaya:

• Imithi evula ikhala (Ama-Decongestant).
• Imithi yomkhuhlane kanye neyokungezwani komzimba ethengiswa ngaphandle kwekhawunta (OTC) engathengwa ekhemisi.
• Ukuhlanza nge-saline yamakhala.
• Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi.
• Ukubanjwa komphunga wamanzi ashisayo.

Uma izimpawu zakho ze-sinusitis zingathuthuki ngemva kwezinsuku ezingaba yi-10, udokotela angase akunikeze imithi efana nalokhu:

• Ama-antibiotic.
• Imithi yomlomo noma yokuhlanza amathumbu.
• Izifutho ze-steroid ezifakwa ngodokotela. (Ungazisebenzisi izifutho ezitholakala ngaphandle kwemithi isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu, ngoba zingenza ikhala lakho livaleke kakhudlwana.)

Uma welapha abantu abane-sinusitis engapheli, imbangela eyinhloko iyelashwa. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Izifutho ze-steroid zangaphakathi.
• Ama-antihistamine spray noma amaphilisi omlomo.
• Imithi eqenjini lemithi ebizwa ngokuthi `Leukotriene antagonists`, isibonelo `(montelukast)`.
• Ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka futhi ngezinkinga zesakhiwo ekhaleni, kuma-polyps, noma ezifweni zesikhunta.

Yimuphi umuthi ongcono kakhulu wokutheleleka kwe-sinus?

Uma udinga i-antibiotic, uhlobo olunikezwa udokotela wakho lungahluka kuye ngesimo sakho. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:

• `(Augmentin)` (i-amoxicillin/i-clavulanate)
• `(I-Amoxicillin)`
• `( I-Doxycycline ( I-Doxycycline) ) `
• `(Levofloxacin)`
• `(I-Cefixime)`
• `(I-Cefpodoxime)`
• `(I-Clindamycin)`

Okubalulekile: Ungalokothi uthathe ama-antibiotic ngokwakho ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela.

Ingabe ukwelashwa okuhambisanayo kanye nokunye kuyasiza nge-sinusitis?

Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi i-acupressure, i-acupuncture, noma i-facial massage kungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu ze-sinusitis, njenge-mucus, ingcindezi, kanye nobuhlungu. Kungumqondo omuhle ukubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi lezi zindlela zokwelapha zikulungele yini.

Ingabe zonke izifo ze-sinus zidinga ama-antibiotic?

Cha. Odokotela abaningi bazolinda ukuze babone ukuthi izimpawu zakho sezinesikhathi esingakanani zikhona ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi bazokunikeza yini ama-antibiotic. Ukutheleleka okuningi kwe-sinus kubangelwa amagciwane. Ama-antibiotic awawelapha ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Ukusebenzisa ama-antibiotic ngokungadingekile, noma ukuwasebenzisa ekuthelelekeni ngegciwane, kungabangela imiphumela emibi futhi kungabangela ukumelana nama-antibiotic, okungenza kube nzima ukwelapha ukutheleleka kamuva.

Ungakwazi yini ukuvimbela i-sinusitis?

Kuye ngembangela, kunezindlela eziningana zokunciphisa ingozi yokuthola izifo ze-sinus. Lezi yizi:

• Hlanza impumulo ngamanzi anosawoti (usawoti) njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela.
• Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukungezwani komzimba. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imithi, imijovo yokungezwani komzimba, kanye nokugwema izinto ezikubangela ukungezwani komzimba (isib. uthuli, impova, intuthu).
• Sebenzisa izifutho zekhala ze-steroid uma udokotela wakho ekuncoma.
• Ukuthuthukisa imikhuba emihle engakuvikela ezifweni ezithelelanayo, njengokugeza izandla zakho kahle.
• Gwema ukubhema. Uma ubhema, kunezindlela zokukusiza ukuthi uyeke.

Yini umuntu one-sinusitis angayilindela?

I-Sinusitis ivame ukuhlala cishe isonto kuya ezinsukwini eziyishumi . Ezimweni eziningi, ingelapheka ngemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela kanye namakhambi asekhaya. Kodwa-ke, uma une-sinusitis engapheli, noma uma kwenzeka njalo, kungase kube nezinye izimbangela eziyisisekelo. Lezi zidinga ukwelashwa.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela ngenxa yokutheleleka kwe-sinus?

Ngokuvamile ungazinakekela izinkinga ze-sinus ekhaya. Kodwa uma unezimpawu eziqhubekayo, ukhathazekile ngazo, noma uthola izifo ezivame ukutheleleka, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela. Angakutshela ukuthi wenzeni ngokulandelayo.

Kufanele ngiye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unezimpawu zokutheleleka okukhulu , okusho noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingezansi, iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo eliseduze noma ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha :

• Umkhuhlane ophakeme kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-103 Fahrenheit/40 Celsius).
• Ukudideka noma ezinye izinguquko zengqondo.
• Ukushintsha kombono, ikakhulukazi uma kubuhlungu noma kuvuvukala eduze kwamehlo.
• Ukuquleka kufana nokukhubazeka.
• Intamo eqinile.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Kungumqondo omuhle ukucela udokotela wakho ukuthi akubonise ukuthi ungawasebenzisa kanjani kahle amadivayisi awancomayo (isib., ama-inhaler e-nasal spray, amadivayisi okunisela ekhaleni). Kuwusizo futhi ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Ngingayelapha kanjani i-sinus infection ekhaya?
• Kufanele ngiwuthathe kanjani ngempela umuthi wami?
• Kufanele ngize nini ukukubona futhi?

Ukutheleleka kwama-sinus kuvamile futhi ngokuvamile akukubi kangako. Kungabangelwa izinto ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, ama-polyp ekhaleni, noma ukungezwani komzimba. Ngokuvamile ungabalapha ekhaya ngokuphumula ngokwanele, ukusebenzisa imithi ethengwa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, nokuphuza uketshezi oluningi. Kodwa-ke, uma izimpawu zakho zingapheli, ziba zimbi kakhulu, noma uma unezimpawu ezikukhathazayo, bona udokotela wakho.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Kulungile, ake sibukeze amaqiniso abaluleke kakhulu nge-sinusitis esikhulume ngawo.

• I-Sinusitis ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwama-sinuses ebusweni bakho.
• Lokhu kungabangelwa amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, isikhunta, noma ukungezwani komzimba.
• Izimpawu eziyinhloko ukuminyana kwamakhala, ulwelwesi olujiyile, ubuhlungu bobuso kanye nokucindezeleka.
• Esikhathini esiningi, iyaziphilisa ngokwayo , noma iba ngcono ngokwelashwa okulula kwasekhaya.
• Ama-antibiotic awadingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi. Awasizi ngalutho ekulweni nokutheleleka ngamagciwane.
• Uma izimpawu ziqhubeka izinsuku ezingaphezu kweziyi-10 , zivela njalo, noma zinezimpawu ezinkulu njengomkhuhlane omkhulu kanye nokushintsha kombono , qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.
• Izinto ezifana nemikhuba emihle yezempilo, ukulawula ukungezwani komzimba, kanye nokugwema ukubhema kungasiza ekuvimbeleni lokhu .

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Hlala uphilile!

I- Sinusitis, i-sinus, ikhala elivalekile, umkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukutheleleka, ukwelashwa