Ingabe unalo lelo nxeba elidala lokugoma esandleni sakho? (Inxeba Lokugoma Le-Smallpox) Ake sithole imininingwane!

Wake waphawula isilonda esincane, esiyindilinga phezulu kwesandla sakho, noma mhlawumbe ezandleni zabazali bakho noma ogogo nomkhulu? Esikhathini esiningi, sibukeka njengomgodi ombiwe esikhumbeni ngaphansi nje kobuso. Abanye abantu baze basibize ngokuthi “isilonda se-smallpox.” Iyini ngempela lesi silonda? Kungani sakha? Ake sixoxe ngakho ngokuningiliziwe namuhla.

Iyini i-Smallpox Vaccine Scar?

Kalula nje, isibazi somuthi wokugomela i-smallpox siwuphawu oluncane olusala engalweni yakho ngemva kokuthola umjovo okuvikela ku-smallpox. Lesi sibazi sivame ukuba yindilinga ngesimo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi imiphetho ingaba ingalingani kancane. Siphinde sibonakale siphakeme kancane kunesikhumba esizungezile.

Manje bheka, kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi yokugoma ekhethekile ebanga isilonda esinjengalesi:

• `ACAM2000™`: Lona umuthi wokugoma osetshenziswa njengamanje yizisebenzi zezempilo ukuvikela abantu engcupheni. Kodwa-ke, awunikezwa wonke umuntu. Unikezwa izisebenzi zaselabhorethri ezisebenza nezinhlobo ezithile zamagciwane, kanye nabanye abantu abasebuthweni lezempi. Ubuwazi? Ngenxa yezinhlelo zokugoma zangaphambilini, igciwane elibangela ingcuphe selicishe liqedwe ngokuphelele emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, alisasabalali ndawo emhlabeni.
• `Dryvax®`: Lona umuthi wokugomela i-smallpox owawusetshenziswa ngaphambi kwe-`ACAM2000™`, ngaphambi kokuba uvunyelwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration (`US Food and Drug Administration - FDA`). Lo muthi wokugomela wanikezwa abantu abaningi e-United States maphakathi nawo-1900. Kodwa-ke, wayeka ukunikezwa njalo ngemva kuka-1972. Ngemva kwalokho, i-`Dryvax®` yanikezwa kuphela amaqembu akhethiwe, njengezisebenzi zezempilo kanye nabasebenzi bezempi. Kwaze kwaba ngo-2008 lapho i-`Dryvax®` yayekwa khona ngokuphelele futhi i-`ACAM2000™` yanikezwa esikhundleni salokho.

Ngakho-ke isilonda esandleni sakho singabangelwa ngomunye walezi zindlela ezimbili zokugoma, ikakhulukazi uma usukhulile kancane.

Kungani lo muthi wokugomela ingxibongo ushiya isilonda?

Umbuzo omuhle! Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi umuthi wokugomela i-smallpox ushiye isibazi ukuthi ubangela ukutheleleka okuncane esikhumbeni sakho uma uthola umuthi wokugomela. Ungakhathazeki, lokhu ukutheleleka okulawulwayo, okuhlosiwe. Umzimba wakho uzolwa nokutheleleka futhi ukunqobe. Kodwa-ke, lapho lokhu kulwa kwenzeka khona, okungukuthi, lapho ukutheleleka kanye nokuvuvukala okuhambisana nakho kwakukhona, isibazi esincane sizosala.

Umuthi wokugomela i-`ACAM2000™` (kanye nomuthi wokugomela i-`Dryvax®` wangaphambilini) unikezwa ngenaliti ekhethekile enesihloko esihlukaniswe kabili. Umhlinzeki wezempilo ucwilisa le naliti oketshezini lomjovo bese ehlaba isikhumba engalweni yakho engenhla izikhathi eziningana. Lokhu kubangela, njengoba kushiwo, 'ukutheleleka okuncane okusendaweni' okulinganiselwe endaweni yomjovo. Lokhu kuwumphumela ojwayelekile, olindelekile womuthi wokugomela. Lokhu kutheleleka okuncane kuvuselela 'amasosha omzimba' akho ukuze akhe ukuzivikela kulesi sifo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lo muthi wokugomela ngeke ukukunike i-smallpox. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lo muthi wokugomela awenziwanga kusetshenziswa igciwane elibangela i-smallpox (i-`variola virus`). Esikhundleni salokho, usebenzisa igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-`vaccinia virus`. Leli gciwane lokugomela liyigciwane elihlobene negciwane le-smallpox. Ngakho-ke lapho umzimba wakho wakha amasosha omzimba ngokumelene negciwane lokugomela, usuke usukulungele nokulwa negciwane le-smallpox. Akumangalisi yini lokho?

Zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezine ngemva komjovo, indawo yomjovo izoba bomvu, ivuvuke, futhi ilume. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukuthatha." Kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi umjovo uyasebenza. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, le ndawo izophenduka ibe yi-blister egcwele ubomvu, ezokhula ngemva kwezinsuku ezingaba yi-10. Bese iqala ukoma. Njengoba i-blister iphola, kuzokwakheka i-scab phezu kwayo. Lokhu kuyingxenye yenqubo yemvelo yokuphulukiswa kwesikhumba sakho. Le scab izowa phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-14 nezingama-21 ngemva komjovo. Yilapho kuzosala khona i-scab encane, enezimbobo.

Lesi sibazi siyisibonakaliso esihle sokuthi umuthi wokugoma uphumelele, ukuthi ukunike amandla okugomela ingxibongo. Kodwa khumbula, lokhu kuzivikela okuphelele akuhlali impilo yonke. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi amasosha omzimba aqala ukuncipha ngemva kweminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu yokugoma. Yingakho abanye abantu (njengezisebenzi zaselabhorethri) kufanele bathole umuthi wokugoma kaninginingi iminyaka eminingi ukuze bavikeleke ngokugcwele.

Kungani ngingenaso isibazi somuthi wokugomela ingxibongo?

Uma usanda kuthola umuthi wokugomela ingxibongo futhi ungazange ube nomkhuhlane, kungenzeka ukuthi umuthi awuzange "uthathe" kahle. Okusho ukuthi, umuthi awuzange usebenze njengoba bekulindelekile. Kodwa-ke, izisebenzi zezempilo zivame ukukubona lokhu kusenesikhathi (ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele ukuthi awunawo umkhuhlane).

Odokotela bazohlola izimpawu "zokusabela" zingakapheli isonto lokuqala ngemva kokujova. Okusho ukuthi, ingabe kuvela ukuqubuka nokuthi umzimba wakho usabela kahle yini. Uma lezi zimpawu zingaveli, kungase kudingeke ukuthi uphinde uthole umjovo. Udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngokuthi yini engcono kakhulu kuwe ngaleso sikhathi.

Amanxeba angase abe khona kubantu abathola umuthi wokugomela i-smallpox eminyakeni edlule. Ngezinye izikhathi anganyamalala kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abanye abantu baze baphathwe `ngokulungiswa kwamanxeba' ukuze kuncishiswe ukubonakala kwamanxeba, uma befisa.

Ingabe umuthi wokugomela i-Mpox ubanga izibazi?

Kuncike emgomeni owutholayo. Cabanga ngakho, amagciwane abangela i-smallpox (`smallpox`) kanye ne-mumps (`mpox`) afana kakhulu, njengezihlobo. Yingakho abasebenzi bezempilo bekwazile ukusebenzisa umjovo we-smallpox ukuvikela abantu kuma-mumps.

Ngakho-ke, labo abathola umuthi wokugomela i-`ACAM2000™` bazoba nesilonda njengoba kushiwo. Kodwa-ke, izisebenzi zezempilo emazweni afana ne-United States zikhetha ukusebenzisa umuthi wokugomela i-`JYNNEOS®` ukuvikela i-smallpox ngoba inengozi ephansi yemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Ukuthi abantu abathola umuthi wokugomela i-`JYNNEOS®` bahlushwa yini noma cha kuncike endleleni yokunikeza. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokunikeza umuthi wokugomela i-`JYNNEOS®`:

• Ukugonywa ngaphakathi kwesikhumba: Lokhu kuvame ukunikezwa ngaphakathi kwebunzi lakho. Udokotela usebenzisa inalithi encane ukujova umuthi wokugoma phakathi kwezingqimba ezimbili eziphezulu zesikhumba sakho (i-epidermis kanye ne-dermis). Ngenxa yokuthi isikhumba sakho sinamaseli amaningi omzimba, ngisho nomthamo omncane womuthi wokugoma ungavuselela kalula lawo maseli futhi usize umzimba wakho wakhe ukuzivikela kwawo. Uma kuba nokuqubuka kwesifo esifana ne-smallpox ngokuzumayo, ukusebenzisa imithamo emincane kungasiza ekugomeni abantu abaningi.
• Ukugoma ngaphansi kwesikhumba: Lokhu kuvame ukunikezwa engalweni engenhla. Udokotela usebenzisa inaliti ukujova umuthi wokugoma engxenyeni ejulile yesikhumba sakho (i-hypodermis).

Zombili lezi zindlela ziphephile futhi ziyasebenza. Kodwa-ke, uma umuthi wokugoma unikezwa ngendlela ethi `intradermal`, ngezinye izikhathi ungabangela ukucasuka kwesikhumba kanye nokushintsha kombala. Lokhu kuvame ukuba okwesikhashana. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase babe nezibazi zesikhathi eside ngenxa yalo muthi wokugoma. Abantu abalandelayo basengozini enkulu:

• Abantu abanomlando wezibazi ezinkulu zesikhathi esidlule.
• Abantu abanomlando wokukhula kwezibazi ezibizwa ngokuthi 'izibazi ze-Keloid'. Lezi izibazi eziphakanyisiwe, ezijiyile ezivela ngaphezu kobuso besikhumba. Zingabonakala zibomvu noma zipinki. Zingaba nombala ofanayo nesikhumba sakho noma zibe nombala omnyama.

Abantu abamnyama, abaseLatino, noma base-Asia, okusho ukuthi labo abanesikhumba esimnyama, basengozini enkulu yokuthola izibazi ze-keloid.

Ngakho-ke, noma ubani osengozini yokuba nezibazi ngeke agonywe ngendlela ethi `intradermal`. Kunalokho, uzonikezwa indlela ethi `subcutaneous`. Udokotela wakho uzokhuluma nawe ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha (kufaka phakathi noma yimuphi umlando wezibazi) ngaphambi kokukunikeza umuthi wokugoma. Ngokuqinisekile bazokhetha indlela engcono kakhulu kuwe.

Ingabe ukuba nesibazi somuthi wokugomela ingxibongo kusho ukuthi uvikelekile ku-Mpox?

Udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukukutshela ukuthi uvikelekile yini ku-masisi noma kunoma yisiphi esinye isifo esithathelwanayo. Ubuwazi? Kunezici eziningi ezingathinta izinga lakho lokuvikelwa. Isibonelo:

• Yimuphi umuthi wokugoma owutholile (njenge-`ACAM2000™` noma i-`JYNNEOS®`).
• Uyithengile nini?
• Lo muthi wokugoma unikeza isivikelo isikhathi esingakanani?

Udokotela wakho angahlola amasosha omzimba wakho ngokusekelwe emlandweni wakho wokugoma kanye nocwaningo lwakamuva mayelana nokuqina kwemijovo.

Okunye okufanele ukukhumbule ukuthi ngoba nje unenxeba le-smallpox esandleni sakho, akusho ukuthi usugonyelwe i-smallpox. Kungenzeka ukuthi abanye abantu, ikakhulukazi labo abazalelwe ngaphandle kweSri Lanka, banikezwe umuthi wokugomela i-Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), onikezwa ngokumelene nesifo sofuba. Umuthi wokugomela i-BCG nawo ushiya isilonda esandleni sakho, esifana kakhulu nesilonda sokugomela i-smallpox.

Kodwa-ke, lena imijovo emibili ehlukene ngokuphelele, enikezwa amagciwane amabili ahlukene kakhulu. Uzovikeleka kuphela kwi-smallpox uma uthola umuthi wokugomela oklanyelwe futhi wavunyelwa wona ngqo.

Abantu abaningi, uma bebheka isibazi sabo somuthi wokugomela i-smallpox, bakhumbula usuku oluqondile abasithola ngalo. Kwabanye, kungenzeka ukuthi kwakungamashumi eminyaka edlule, njengengxenye yohlelo olukhulu lokugomela ukuqeda i-smallpox emhlabeni. Kwabanye, kungenzeka ukuthi kwakuyinto abayitholile muva nje, ngenxa yohlobo lomsebenzi wabo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isikhathi, indawo, noma isizathu, ukuqubuka kuwuphawu oluhle lokuthi umzimba wakho wakhe amasosha omzimba ukuze akuvikele wena nabanye. Uma unemibuzo mayelana nokuqubuka kwakho noma ukuthi yimiphi imijovo okufanele uyithole, ungangabazi ukubuza umhlinzeki wezempilo.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

• Isibazi somuthi wokugomela ingxibongo siwuphawu olusala esandleni ngemva kokuthola umuthi wokugomela ingxibongo (ACAM2000™ noma i-Dryvax® endala).
• Lokhu kuqubuka kwenzeka ngoba umzimba usabela ekuthelelekeni okuncane, okulawulwayo esikhumbeni okubangelwa umuthi wokugoma. Lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi umuthi wokugoma uphumelele.
• Umuthi wokugomela i-smallpox awuqukethe igciwane le-smallpox, kodwa uqukethe igciwane elifanayo elithi 'vaccinia virus'.
• Uma kungekho sibazi, umuthi wokugoma kungenzeka ukuthi awuzange "uthathwe." Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngalokhu.
• Ukushaqeka okuvela emithini yokugomela i-mpox (njenge-JYNNEOS®) kuncike endleleni yokuphathwa (ngaphakathi kwesikhumba noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba) kanye nezici ngazinye.
• Nakuba isibazi se-BCG sifana nesibazi se-smallpox, ziyizinto ezimbili ezihlukene. Ukuba nesibazi se-smallpox akusho ukuthi uvikelekile ku-smallpox.
• Udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu omaziyo kakhulu ngamasosha omzimba wakho kanye nemigomo.

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi usuyaqonda kangcono leso sibazi esincane esandleni sakho. Akusona nje isibazi, kodwa futhi kuyisibonelo esihle sendlela isayensi eye yathuthuka ngayo ekusivikeleni ezifweni!

I- Smallpox, isibazi somuthi wokugoma, isibazi somuthi wokugoma i-smallpox, i-ACAM2000, i-Dryvax, i-Mpox, i-JYNNEOS, ukungatheleleki komzimba