Sonke sihlaselwe kakhulu ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 muva nje, akunjalo? Kodwa bewazi ukuthi eminyakeni engaphezu kweyikhulu edlule, ngo-1918, kwaba nobhubhane olufanayo olwanyakazisa umhlaba? Kwakuyi- "Spanish Flu ." Yathelela cishe ingxenye yesithathu yabantu emhlabeni futhi yabulala izigidi zabantu. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi yayiyini iSpanish Flu, kungani yayimbi kangaka, nokuthi yiziphi izifundo esingazifunda kuyo.
Iyini ngempela i-Spanish Flu?
Kalula nje, umkhuhlane waseSpain ka-1918 wawuwubhubhane womhlaba wonke obangelwe uhlobo lwegciwane lomkhuhlane. Waqala ngo-1918 futhi wawunezigameko ezintathu eziyinhloko zokutheleleka - entwasahlobo, ekwindla nasebusika. Igagasi lesibili, elenzeka ekwindla, laliyilona elibi kakhulu . Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi igagasi lesine kungenzeka lenzeke ngawo-1920.
Okumangazayo ukuthi iningi lokufa ngenxa yalolu bhubhane lwenzeka entsheni ephakathi kweminyaka engama-20 nengama-40, evame ukungaguli kakhulu ngenxa yomkhuhlane. Nakuba izingane ezincane kanye nabantu asebekhulile ngokuvamile besengozini enkulu yomkhuhlane, lokhu kuqubuka kwabangela nokufa kwenani elikhulu labantu abasha abanempilo. Ososayensi basazama ukuthola ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeke.
Bekukubi kangakanani lokhu kubhebhetheka?
Cabanga nje, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabantu bomhlaba ngaleso sikhathi, noma abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-500 , bangenwa yilomkhuhlane.
Ngokuphathelene nenani labashonile, abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-50 bafa emhlabeni wonke phakathi kuka-1918 no-1919. Abanye ochwepheshe bathi inani lingafinyelela ezigidini eziyi-100. E-United States kuphela, abantu ababalelwa ku-675,000 bafa. Lezi zibalo zodwa zikunikeza umbono wokuthi lesi simo sibi kangakanani.
Kungani umkhuhlane waseSpain wawubulala kangaka?
Asikho isizathu esisodwa salokhu, kodwa ziningi. Ake sibheke izizathu eziyinhloko.
| Isizathu | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Isimo sempi | Ngaleso sikhathi, iMpi Yezwe I yayiqhubeka. Abantu babehlala ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi njengamakamu ezempi nemikhumbi. Lokhu kwabangela ukuba lesi sifo sisabalale ngokushesha okukhulu. Futhi, ohulumeni emazweni bavala ulwazi ngalesi sifo, besaba ukuthi impi izoqeda amandla abantu. |
| Izikhungo zezempilo ezilinganiselwe | Odokotela nabahlengikazi abaningi babengekho empini. Kwakungekho mayunithi okunakekela abagula kakhulu (ama-ICU) noma ama-ventilator njengathi namuhla. Kwakungekho mithi yokulwa namagciwane yokwelapha igciwane lomkhuhlane. Eqinisweni , odokotela ngaleso sikhathi babengazi nokuthi umkhuhlane ubangelwa igciwane. |
| Umonakalo wamaphaphu | Leli gciwane lathinta amaphaphu ngqo, okwenza atholakale kalula ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane. Njengoba kwakungekho mithi elwa namagciwane yokubulala lawo magciwane njenganamuhla, abantu abaningi bafa ngenxa yalezi zifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zesibili. |
| Umsebenzi womzimba wokuzivikela komzimba | Esinye sezizathu ezenza intsha ishone kakhulu kucatshangwa ukuthi amasosha omzimba ayo asabela ngokweqile kuleli gciwane elisha. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isiphepho se-cytokine . Lokhu kusho ukuthi amasosha omzimba okufanele alwe naleli gciwane ayaphuma ekulawuleni, angalimazi igciwane kuphela kodwa namaseli alo amaphaphu aphilile. Kufana nokuthi ibutho lawo liyazihlasela. |
Zaziyini izimpawu zalo mkhuhlane?
Izimpawu abantu abazibona ngo-1918 zazifana kancane nomkhuhlane ovamile esiwutholayo namuhla. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zazivame ukuba zimbi kakhulu.
- Kungazelelwe, ngezinye izikhathi umkhuhlane omkhulu.
- Ukukhwehlela okomile .
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba .
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
- Umphimbo obuhlungu.
- Ukuthuthumela nokuzizwa ubanda.
- Umkhuhlane.
- Ukudla akunambitheki .
- Ubuthakathaka obukhulu.
- Ukukhathala okukhulu.
- Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wesikhumba, izindebe, noma izinzipho. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-cyanosis . Kusho ukuthi awukho umoya-mpilo owanele egazini.
- Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu .
- Ukopha ngaphakathi emzimbeni.
Kungani ibizwa ngokuthi 'iSpanish Flu'? Ingabe yaqala eSpain ngempela?
Lokhu kuyiphutha abantu abaningi abanalo. Lo mkhuhlane wabizwa ngokuthi "umkhuhlane waseSpain" hhayi ngoba waqala eSpain. Eqinisweni, kukholakala ukuthi amacala okuqala abikwa esikhungweni sezempi saseMelika.
Pho kungani leli gama lavela? Isizathu salokhu yiMpi Yezwe I. Amazwe afana neMelika, iBrithani, neFrance, ayehilelekile empini, awazange anikeze abezindaba ulwazi mayelana nokusabalala kwalesi sifo emazweni awo. Babesaba ukuthi kuzokwehlisa umoya webutho kanye nabantu.
Kodwa iSpain yayingahilelekile empini ngaleso sikhathi. Ngakho-ke abezindaba bezwe labo babika ngalo bhubhane ngokukhululeka. Umhlaba wonke waqala ukufunda ngalesi sifo ngokuningiliziwe emaphephandabeni aseSpain. Ngakho-ke, abantu bacabanga ukuthi lesi yisifo esaqala eSpain. Yingakho igama elithi "umkhuhlane waseSpain" lanamathela.
I-World Health Organization (WHO) manje isincoma ukugwema ukuqamba izifo ngamagama amazwe noma izifunda, ngoba kungabangela ukucwaswa okungadingekile kulelo zwe noma kubantu balo.
Uyini umehluko phakathi komkhuhlane waseSpain kanye ne-COVID-19?
Zombili lezi zifo eziwubhubhane zibangelwe amagciwane amabili ahlukene. Ubhubhane lwango-1918 lubangelwe yigciwane le-influenza A (H1N1) . Ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19, olwaqala ngasekupheleni kuka-2019, lubangelwe yigciwane elisha le-coronavirus. Kodwa kuzo zombili izimo, imizimba yabantu yayingenawo amasosha omzimba okulwa nala magciwane.
Futhi, kuzo zombili lezi zifo eziwumshayabhuqe, iziphathimandla zezempilo zomphakathi zathatha izinyathelo ezifanayo ukulawula ukusabalala kwalesi sifo.
- Ukuvalwa kwezikole.
- Ukuvinjelwa kwemibuthano yomphakathi.
- Ukwenza kube yimpoqo ukugqoka izinto zokuzivikela ezifana nezifihla-buso.
- Ukuvalelwa ejele kweziguli kanye nabantu abasebenzisana nabo.
Njengoba nje sabhekana nalezi zinto ngesikhathi se-COVID-19, amazwe amaningi emhlabeni wonke azisebenzisa ngo-1918.
Yiziphi izifundo esizifundile obhubhaneni lwango-1918?
Ubhubhane lomkhuhlane waseSpain lwango-1918 lwasifundisa izifundo eziningi ezibalulekile. Ngenxa yalezo zifundo, sasikulungele ukubhekana nobhubhane lwe-COVID-19.
Namuhla, sinezinto eziningi esasingenazo ngo-1918. Imithi yokugomela umkhuhlane, imithi yokulwa namagciwane yokwelapha lesi sifo uma sivela, kanye namayunithi okunakekela abagula kakhulu (ama-ICU) okwelapha abagula kakhulu.Sinazo izikhungo ezinjalo namuhla.
Lo bhubhane usikhumbuza nokuthi abantu banoma yibuphi ubudala kanye nempilo bangagula kakhulu ngesikhathi sobhubhane. Ngakho-ke, ngokulandela iseluleko sezikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi, asikwazi ukuvikela thina kuphela, kodwa nemindeni yethu, omakhelwane, kanye nomphakathi wonke.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ubhubhane lomkhuhlane waseSpain lwango-1918 lwabangelwa yigciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-influenza A (H1N1). Libhekwa njengelinye lamabhaktheriya amabi kakhulu emlandweni womhlaba.
- Izigidi zafa ngenxa yeMpi Yezwe I, ukuntuleka kwezikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo, kanye nohlobo lwegciwane.
- Igama elithi "Spanish Flu" alifanele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwesikhathi sempi, yiSpain kuphela eyabika obala ngalesi sifo.
- Izifundo ezifundwe kubhubhane lwango-1918 (isib., imaski yobuso, ukuqhelelana nabantu) zazisiza kakhulu ekulawuleni ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19.
- Ngisho noma sinemithi yokugoma, imithi, kanye nezikhungo zezokwelapha ezingcono namuhla, ingozi yalezi zifo eziwumshayabhuqe esikhathini esizayo ayikapheli ngoba amagciwane ahlala eshintsha. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela izeluleko zezempilo njalo.
💬 Comments (0)
Awekho amazwana athunyelwe okwamanje. Faka amazwana akho lapha okokuqala ngqa.
Engeza amazwana akho