Ingabe ingane yakho encane ayikasho kahle amagama? Noma ingabe umzali wakho osekhulile unenkinga yokukhuluma ngemva kokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi? Mhlawumbe unenkinga yokugwinya ukudla noma amanzi. Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu ngeke kuphinde kube ngcono. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi kukhona ochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukusisiza ngalezi zinhlobo zezinkinga zokuxhumana nokugwinya? Yilokho esikhuluma ngakho kulesi sihloko namuhla.
Ubani lo sosayensi wezifo zolimi lokukhuluma?
Kalula nje, i-SLP (SLP) inguchwepheshe wezokwelapha oxilonga futhi elapha izinkinga zokuxhumana nokugwinya kwabantu. Sivame ukubabiza ngokuthi “Ochwepheshe Bezokwelapha Inkulumo.” Kodwa lelo akulona igama eliphelele. Abagcini nje ngokwelapha ukukhuluma, kodwa futhi nezinkinga zolimi, njengokuqonda lokho abanye abakushoyo, ukuhlanganisa amagama, nokufunda, kanye nezinkinga zokugwinya. Yingakho igama elinembile neliphelele kakhulu lingu-“Speech and Language Therapist.”
Laba ochwepheshe basiza abantu babo bonke ubudala, kusukela ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa kuya kwasebekhulile.
- Kwabantwana abancane abaphuza ukukhuluma
- Izingane ezinenkinga yokukhuluma ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokukhula
- Abantu abadala abalahlekelwe ikhono lokukhuluma ngenxa yesimo esinjengokulimala kobuchopho noma isifo sohlangothi
- Kulabo abanenkinga yokushintsha izwi noma yokugwinya ngenxa yomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo
- Kulabo abanenkinga yokukhuluma nokugwinya ngenxa yezimo zezinzwa
Laba ochwepheshe bangasiza wonke umuntu.
Yiziphi izinkinga eziyinhloko laba bantu abaziphathayo?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinkinga eziphathwa yilaba bantu. Ake siziqonde etafuleni elilula. Uma ubona lokhu, uzoqonda ukuthi le nsimu inkulu kangakanani.
| Uhlobo lwenkinga (Uhlobo Lwezinkinga) | Incazelo elula nezibonelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuphazamiseka Kokukhuluma | Ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa imisipha yomlomo, ulimi, nezindebe kahle ukuphimisela imisindo ethile. Isibonelo, ingane encane ingasebenzisa igama elithi "ya" esikhundleni selithi "ra" ('yata' esikhundleni selithi 'rata'). |
| Izinkinga Zolimi | Ubunzima bokuqonda amagama nemisho, kanye nobunzima bokuziveza. Ukungaqondi ukuthi abanye bathini, ukungakwazi ukuhlanganisa amagama ukuze bakhe imisho, kanye nokungakwazi ukufunda. I-Aphasia, eyenzeka ngemva kwezimo ezifana nokukhubazeka, iyisibonelo salokhu. |
| Ukuphazamiseka Kokukhuluma Okukhulu | Uma ukhuluma, amazwi akho awahambi kahle futhi abhajwe. Ukungingiza, esikwaziyo sonke, kuyisibonelo esihle kakhulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinto ezifana nokuphindaphinda amagama nokukhipha imisindo. |
| Ukuphazamiseka Kwezwi / I-Dysphonia | Izinguquko ekhwalithini yezwi. Isibonelo, izwi liyahoshozela, liba buthaka kakhulu, noma lilahlekelwe yizwi lalo lapho likhuluma. Lezi zimo zivame kakhulu kubantu abafana nothisha nabaculi. |
| Izinkinga Zokugwinya / I-Dysphagia | Ukungakwazi ukugwinya ukudla, iziphuzo, noma ngisho namaphilisi ngokuphephile. Ukuminyana, ukukhwehlela, kanye nokudonswa kokudla emgudwini wokuphefumula kungaholela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu njenge-pneumonia. Lesi yisimo esidinga ukunakwa okuseduze. |
| Izinkinga Zokuxhumana Komphakathi | Ukungakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi kufanele uziphathe kanjani lapho ukhuluma futhi ushintshana ngemibono nabanye emphakathini. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinto ezifana nokungalindi ithuba lomuntu engxoxweni, kanye nokungakwazi ukuqonda isimo sobuso babanye abantu. |
| Izinkinga Zokuxhumana Nokucabanga | Ukuxhumana kuyaphazamiseka ngenxa yenkinga yobuchopho. Ubunzima bokukhumbula, ukungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo, kanye nokungakwazi ukuhlela imicabango yakho konke kungabangela ubunzima bokuxhumana. |
Kufanele uyibone nini i-SLP?
Esikhathini esiningi, udokotela womndeni wakho (uDokotela Wokunakekelwa Okuyinhloko) uzokudlulisela wena noma ingane yakho kudokotela wezifo zokukhuluma. Kodwa-ke, uma wena, njengomzali, ninokukhathazeka ngento efana nale, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi niwena noma othile emndenini wakho, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
Khumbula, ikakhulukazi uma izingane ziphuza ukukhuluma, kungcono ukubona uchwepheshe ngokushesha okukhulu kunokulinda ukuthi "kuzolunga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi." Uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngokushesha, imiphumela iba mihle.
Ukubona uchwepheshe wezokukhuluma nolimi kungakusiza:
- Cacisa inkulumo yakho: Ungazijwayeza ukuphimisela amagama nezinhlamvu ngokucacile nokukhuluma ngendlela elula kwabanye ukuyiqonda.
- Thuthukisa ukuxhumana: Ungathola usizo lokuqonda lokho abanye abakushoyo futhi uchaze kahle lokho ofuna ukukusho.
- Khuluma kahle emphakathini: Uzoqondiswa ukuthi wenze ngokuzethemba lapho ukhuluma nabantu futhi wakhe ubudlelwano.
- Izindlela ezintsha zalabo abangakwazi ukukhuluma kahle noma abangenalo nhlobo ikhono lokukhuluma: Ngisho nalabo abangakwazi ukukhuluma nhlobo bangasizwa ukuba baveze imizwa yabo ngezindlela ezihlukile ezifana namabhodi okuxhumana.
- Ukukusiza ukugwinya ukudla ngokuphephile: Kunikeza iseluleko esiwusizo kanye nokuqeqeshwa kokuthi ungagwinya kanjani ukudla ngokuphephile ngaphandle kokuminyana noma ukubangela izinkinga ezifana ne-pneumonia.
I-SLP imsiza kanjani ingane encane?
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu kubazali. Cabanga ukuthi ingane yakho eneminyaka emi-3 ubudala ayikakwazi ukuhlanganisa amagama amabili, noma ukuqonda ngisho nezinto ezilula ozishoyo. Ngesikhathi esinjengalesi, i-SLP ayizami ukuphoqa ingane ukuthi ikhulume amagama.
Badlala nengane. Basebenzisa amathoyizi, izithombe, kanye nemisebenzi ukusiza ingane ithuthukise amakhono ayo olimi kanye nokubiza amagama ngaphandle kokuba iqaphele. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukwelashwa okusekelwe ekudlaleni . Kuyinto ejabulisayo kakhulu enganeni. Futhi, uma kunzima ukuphuza ubisi noma ukukhuluma ngenxa yesimo esifana ne-tongue-tie (Tongue-tie / Ankyloglossia), banganikeza neseluleko esifanele.
Basebenza kuphi laba ochwepheshe?
Abelaphi bezinkulumo nolimi basebenza ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ungabathola ezindaweni ezifana nalezi:
- Izibhedlela
- Izikhungo zokuvuselela
- Izikole (ikakhulukazi izikole zezingane ezinezidingo ezikhethekile)
- Imitholampilo yangasese
- Izikhungo zokunakekela abahlengikazi abanekhono/izindawo zokunakekela zesikhathi eside
Ukuxhumana kuyingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yethu. Kulapho sinenkinga ngakho kuphela lapho siqaphela khona ukubaluleka kwako. Ngakho-ke uma wena noma othandekayo wakho ninenkinga yokukhuluma, ulimi, izwi, noma ukugwinya, ungakhathazeki ngakho. Thola usizo kuchwepheshe wezokukhuluma nolimi oqeqeshiwe. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uchwepheshe wezokukhuluma nolimi (SLP) unguchwepheshe ongagcini nje ngokwelapha izinkinga zokukhuluma, kodwa futhi nobunzima bokuqonda ulimi, ukuveza imibono, kanye nokugwinya.
- Basiza abantu banoma yimuphi ubudala, kusukela ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa kuya kwasebekhulile.
- Uma unenkinga mayelana nokukhula kwenkulumo yengane yakho noma uma umuntu omdala enezinkinga zokuxhumana ngemva kwesimo esinjengokukhubazeka, ungacabangi nje ukuthi "kuzolunga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi," kodwa khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha bese uhlela ukudluliselwa ku-SLP.
- Ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, ukwelashwa kwenkinga kusenesikhathi kungaletha imiphumela emihle kakhulu.
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