Ingabe unenkinga yemithambo yegazi emgogodleni wakho? Ake sifunde kabanzi nge-Spinal Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uthola ubuhlungu emhlane? Noma uzizwa ungenamizwa noma ubuthakathaka engalweni noma emlenzeni? Mhlawumbe lezi akuzona nje izinto ezingahleliwe. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esingavamile ukuzwakala ngaso, kodwa esingaba sibaluleke kakhulu. Leso yisifo somthambo wegazi emgogodleni, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Spinal Arteriovenous Malformation)` noma `(AVM)` ngokwezokwelapha.

Kuyini lokhu `(Spinal AVM)`?

Kalula nje, i-Spinal AVM yisimo lapho imithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi) ihlangana khona futhi ihlangane noma ihlangane nomgogodla wakho (intambo yemizwa engaphakathi komgogodla wakho). Uyazi ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani? Imizimba yethu inemithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi ethwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni) kanye nemithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi ethwala igazi elisetshenzisiwe libuyele enhliziyweni). Ngokuvamile, le mithambo yegazi ixhunywe uhlelo lwemithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu ebizwa ngokuthi ama-capillary . La ma-capillary yiwona asakaza umoya-mpilo emgogodleni wethu nasezicutshini ezizungezile.

Kodwa-ke, kulesi simo `(AVM)`, umthambo uxhuma ngqo emthanjeni. Uhlelo lwe-capillary oluphakathi luyadlula. Cabanga, kufana nokuminyana kwezimoto ezivela emgwaqweni omkhulu ngokuzumayo ziphendukela emgwaqweni omncane bese zixhuma kabusha emgwaqweni omkhulu. Kwenzekani ngenxa yalokho? Inani lomoya-mpilo elidingwa amaseli emgogodleni liyancishiswa. Futhi, lokhu kuxhumana okungavamile kungabangela ukuba imithambo yegazi ikhule, ishintshe ingcindezi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi iqhume . Uma lokho kwenzeka, ukuphuma kwegazi ngokweqile `(Ukopha kwegazi)` kungenzeka, okungaba yingozi empilweni . Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kunezindlela zokwelapha zokuvimbela lesi simo. Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela babiza lokhu ngokuthi `(Spinal Arteriovenous Shunt)`, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-`(Spinal AVM)`?

Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-`(Spinal AVM)`. Empeleni kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zeziphazamiso zemithambo yegazi ezenzeka emgogodleni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi `(Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations - AVM)` kanye `(Spinal Arteriovenous Fistulas - AVF)`. Kuzo zombili lezi zinto, ukuxhumana okungavamile kwenzeka phakathi komthambo nomthambo. Kodwa-ke, `(AVM)` kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwezicubu zomgogodla. `(AVF)` kwenzeka ku- `(Dura mater)` , ulwelwesi olumboza umthambo womgogodla.

Nazi izinhlobo ezinhlanu eziyinhloko:

• Uhlobo I: I-Dural AVF: Lokhu kutholakala engxenyeni engaphandle yomgogodla (i-dura mater).
• Uhlobo II: I-intramedullary glomus AVM: Lokhu kutholakala ngaphakathi kwentambo yomgogodla.
• Uhlobo III: I-Intramedullary juvenile AVM: Lokhu kungasakazeka ngaphakathi komgogodla kanye nasezicutshini ezizungezile. Kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha.
• Uhlobo IV: I-AVF ye-Perimedullary: Lokhu kutholakala ezicutshini ezizungeze intambo yomgogodla.
• Uhlobo V: I-AVF Engaphandle Kwendawo: Lokhu kusesikhaleni esingaphandle kwendawo ehlala isikhathi eside.

Into eyodwa okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi uma i-AVM iqhuma, izimpawu zivame ukuba zimbi kakhulu kuneze-AVF. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-AVM iqhuma ngqo ezicutshini, kanti i-AVF ivame ukutholakala ngaphakathi kwe-dura mater, enikeza isivikelo esithile.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Spinal AVM)`? Eqinisweni, yisona sifo esivame kakhulu semithambo yegazi esenzeka emgogodleni. Kodwa-ke, kunzima ukusho ukuthi bangaki abantu abanaso. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi banaso kuze kube yilapho beba nezimpawu. Ngezinye izikhathi sitholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesinye isifo. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengesimo esingavamile .

Ziyini izimpawu ze-`(Spinal AVM)`?

Izimpawu ze-`(Spinal AVM)` zenzeka ngoba inqwaba yemithambo yegazi ephithene icindezela izimpande zemizwa yomgogodla kanye nomgogodla uqobo. Kwezokwelapha, lolu hlobo lokucindezela silubiza ngokuthi `(Myelopathy)` . Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ukuhlungu obusemhlane .
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukuqina kwemisipha (entanyeni, ezingalweni, nasemilenzeni).
• Ukuba ndikindiki, ukulahlekelwa umuzwa, noma imizwa engavamile emilenzeni.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu .
• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi, ubunzima bokuhamba .
• Ubunzima bokulawula umchamo kanye nendle .

Lezi zimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-AVM, ukuthi inzima kangakanani, nokuthi itholakala kuphi emgogodleni. Isibonelo, uma i-AVM isemhlane wakho ongaphezulu noma esifubeni, izimpawu zingase zivele esifubeni sakho, esiqwini, emhlane, ezingalweni nasemilenzeni. Uma isemhlane wakho ophakathi noma ongezansi, izimpawu zingase zithinte isisu sakho esingezansi, emhlane, noma emilenzeni.

Lezi zimpawu zingavela ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba noma kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase uqaphele ukuthi ziyanda kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, noma zingase zifike zidlule. Khumbula ukuthi abanye abantu bangaba ne-AVM yomgogodla ngaphandle kwezimpawu.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ngokushesha nje lapho izimpawu ziqala. Into efana nobuhlungu obungazelelwe, obukhulu emhlane ingaba uphawu lokuthi i-AVM iqhumile. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha, ngakho funa ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Izimpawu ziqala nini?

Lezi zimpawu ze-`(AVM)` zingavela kunoma yimuphi ubudala. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi babhekana nezimpawu eziphakathi kweminyaka eyi-15 nengama-60. Kungahluka futhi kuye ngohlobo lwe-`(AVM)`. Esikhathini esiningi, lezi zifo ze-`(Spinal AVM)` zizalwa nazo . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingane kungenzeka ukuthi yayinezinkinga ngalezi mithambo yegazi ngesikhathi isesesibelethweni. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathiLesi simo singase senzeke nangemva kokuba umuntu esekhulile (etholakele).

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-`(Spinal AVM)`?

Odokotela abasazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela lokhu `(Spinal AVM)`.

Uma kwenzeka ukuzalwa (i-Spinal AVM) izifundo zibonise ukuthi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (lapho umntwana ekhula esibelethweni), imithambo yegazi ezungeze umgogodla ikhula ngendlela engavamile. Isibonelo, kungase kube ngenxa yokushintsha kwendlela yokugeleza kwegazi ukuze kugwenywe ukuvinjelwa.

Ngemva kokuzalwa, i-"Spinal AVM" etholwe ingenzeka ngemva kwengozi, ukuhlinzwa, noma olunye uhlobo lokulimala emgogodleni .

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilokhu?

Izinkinga ezingase zivele ngenxa ye-`(Spinal AVM)` ngezinye izikhathi zingaba yingozi empilweni . Eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Ukopha: I-AVM ingaqhuma bese iqala ukopha ngaphakathi emzimbeni.
• I-Ischemia: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukunikezwa kwegazi kuphazamiseka. Lokhu kunciphisa inani lomoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba ezidingwa yizingxenye zomzimba. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi amaseli ayeke ukusebenza kahle, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umonakalo unganqwabelana.
• Ukukhubazeka: Uma umgogodla wonakele, kungabangela ukukhubazeka, isimo lapho ezinye izingxenye zomzimba zingenakunyakaziswa khona.

Uthola kanjani ukuthi une-`(Spinal AVM)`?

Udokotela uyixilonga kanjani i-AVM yomgogodla? Bazokuhlola ngokomzimba kuqala , bese benza ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa . Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangase ba-ode nokuhlolwa kwezithombe okukhethekile .

Lezi zivivinyo zokuthwebula izithombe zingasiza ekutholeni usayizi we-AVM nokuthi itholakala kuphi emgogodleni. Udokotela wakho angase asebenzise izivivinyo ezinjengalezi:

• Ukuskena kwe-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) (lokhu kubheka ngqo imithambo yegazi)
• Ukuskena kwe-Myelogram kanye ne-CT (Computed Tomography - CT).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma unesifo sokungezwani komzimba noma ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukuhlolwa kokuqhuba imizwa kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-electromyography (EMG) kungenziwa.

Iphathwa kanjani i-`(Spinal AVM)`?

Kunezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko zokwelapha `(Spinal AVM)`:

• Ukuhlanganiswa:Kulokhu, udokotela ohlinzayo usebenzisa ipayipi elincane kakhulu (i-catheter) ukuze afinyelele emthanjeni wegazi othintekile futhi amise ukopha noma avale ukuxhumana okungajwayelekile.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Udokotela ohlinzayo ususa ngokuphelele i-AVM futhi avumele imithambo yegazi ukuthi igeleze kahle.
• Ukuhlinzwa ngemisebe ye-Stereotactic: Kulokhu, imisebe yemisebe enamandla aphezulu iqondiswa ngqo endaweni ye-AVM, ibhubhise futhi ivale ukuxhumana okungavamile kwemithambo yegazi.

Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu esimweni sakho. Usayizi we-AVM nendawo ekuyo kuzonquma ukwelashwa okuphephile nokuphumelela kakhulu. Uzokutshela nangemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ukuze ukwazi ukwenza isinqumo esinolwazi.

Ezimweni eziningi ze-`(Spinal AVM)`, ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka ukuvimbela izinkinga ezibalwe ngenhla. Kuze kube usuku lokuhlinzwa, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi yokwelapha izinhlungu noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ukulawula izimpawu zakho nokukugcina ukhululekile.

Ngizozizwa ngingcono ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokwelashwa?

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, uzoqala ukuzwa impumuzo ezimpawini ezifana nobuhlungu kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esithathayo ukuze ululame ngokugcwele sizohluka kuye ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa olunconywe udokotela wakho. Ngokuvamile kungathatha amasonto ambalwa. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ungadinga nokwelashwa ngokomzimba noma ukwelashwa ngokomsebenzi ukuze uqinise imisipha yakho futhi uthuthukise ibhalansi yakho.

Iyini ikusasa lalesi simo?

Ama-AVM omgogodla angelashwa ngokuhlinzwa. Imiphumela emihle kakhulu itholakala uma lesi simo sitholakala futhi selashwa kusenesikhathi, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izinkinga. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi, noma ngabe kukhona i-AVM yomgogodla, izimpawu zingase zingaveli ngokushesha. Uma zingalashwa, zingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu, ezisongela ukuphila njengokukhubazeka kanye nokopha.

Kuphumelela kangakanani ukuhlinzwa kwe-Spinal AVM?

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-AVM yomgogodla ngokuvamile kuyaphumelela . Ucwaningo olulodwa luthole ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-embolization kanye nokususwa kokuhlinzwa kwakuphumelele ngo-74% kanye no-88%, ngokulandelana. Esifundweni esifanayo, u-70% walabo abelashwa bathola ukukhululeka kwezimpawu.

Kodwa-ke, umphumela wokuhlinzwa uncike ezintweni eziningi, njengempilo yakho iyonke, ubukhulu be-AVM, kanye nendawo ekuyo. Udokotela wakho angakweluleka kangcono ngesimo sakho.

I-AVM yomgogodla kanye nokukhulelwa

Nakuba kungenzeka ukukhulelwa okuphumelelayo nge-`(Spinal AVM)`, ingozi yezinkinga inkulu.Kukhona ingozi enkulu yokuthi i-AVM iqhume, okubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu kanye nokukhubazeka. Lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni kumama kanye nosana olungakazalwa. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngezindlela zokwelapha eziphephile zesimo sakho nokuthi ungalungiselela kanjani ukukhulelwa okunempilo.

Ingabe lokhu kungavinjelwa?

Okwamanje ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokuvimbela lesi simo (i-Spinal AVM). Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyaqhubeka ukuze kutholakale ukuthi yini ebangela lezi zimo.

Kunini lapho udinga ukubonana nodokotela?

Uma uzizwa sengathi unezimpawu ze-`(Spinal AVM)`, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela .

Ngezinye izikhathi, i-AVM ingaqhuma ngokuzumayo. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela ngokushesha:

• Ubuhlungu bomhlane obungazelelwe, obungabekezeleleki.
• Isikhumba esimpunga, ukubanda, ukujuluka.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Isilinganiso senhliziyo siyanda.
• Ukucanuzela noma ukuhlanza.
• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi emzimbeni.
• Ukudideka, ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo.
• Ubunzima bokunyakaza noma ukujika intamo.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.

Imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho

Eminye imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho:

• Ikuphi i-`(Spinal AVM)` yami?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okuncomayo?
• Iyini imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?
• Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
• Ingabe i-AVM ingakhula futhi ngemva kokususwa kwayo?
• Uma omunye wamalungu omndeni wami oseduze ene-Spinal AVM, ingabe kufanele nami ngihlolwe izakhi zofuzo?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule!

Uma kuvela izimpawu ngokuzumayo, okuhlanganisa izinguquko ekunyakazeni komzimba kanye namandla emisipha, kungaba yisimo esesabekayo. Uma uzizwa noma yini engajwayelekile, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela . Ubuhlungu obukhulu emhlane buvame ukuba uphawu olukhulu lokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle kakhulu. Lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-spinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM), singabangela izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila . Ngakho-ke, lapho lesi sifo sitholakala ngokushesha futhi selashwa, kuba ngcono umphumela . Ukuhlinzwa kungalungisa isimo esingavamile sale mithambo yegazi.

I- AVM yomgogodla, intambo yomgogodla, imithambo yegazi, ubuhlungu bomhlane, i-AVM, ukopha, ukuhlinzwa