Amalungu omndeni wakho kungenzeka ukuthi akutshelile ukuthi, "Amehlo akho afana nakayihlo," nokuthi "Ukumamatheka kwakho kufana nokwamama wakho." Sibiza ukubukeka kwethu, izici zethu, nezinto esizithola kuma -genes kamama nobaba bethu. La ma-genes azuzwe njengefa kubazali bethu. Kodwa le ndaba yezakhi zofuzo ijule kakhulu futhi iyamangalisa kunalokho esikucabangayo. Namuhla sikhuluma ngesahluko sakamuva kuleyo ndaba ejulile, okuyi-genomic medicine . Lobu ubuchwepheshe obusha obuzokwenza umehluko omkhulu emkhakheni wezokwelapha.
Iyini i-Genomic Medicine?
Kalula nje, imithi yezakhi zofuzo iwukufunda ukuthi zonke izakhi zofuzo emzimbeni womuntu zisebenza kanjani ndawonye ukuze zithinte umzimba. Cabanga ngale ndlela. Awukwazi ukuthola umbono wendlu yonke ngesitini esisodwa. Kodwa uma ubheka uhlaka oluphelele lwendlu, ungaqonda konke mayelana nokuthi indlu ibukeka kanjani, ukuthi amakamelo akuphi, nokuthi iminyango namafasitela kunjani. Ngendlela efanayo, uhlaka olulodwa lufana nalolo hlaka. Kodwa iqoqo lazo zonke izakhi zofuzo emzimbeni wakho (i-Genome) lifana nohlaka oluphelele lwaleyo ndlu. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlaka, kunesethi ephelele yemiyalelo yokuthi umzimba wakho uzokhula futhi uthuthuke kanjani. Le miyalelo ibhalwe kuma-molecule abizwa ngokuthi i-DNA .
Nakuba lo mkhakha umusha kakhulu, uthuthuke ngokushesha emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule. Isizathu esikhulu salokhu kwakuyi -Human Genome Project , eyaqedwa ngo-2003. Kwakuwuhlelo olukhulu olwahlanganisa ososayensi abavela emhlabeni wonke. Umgomo walo kwakuwukuhlonza zonke izakhi zofuzo emzimbeni womuntu, ukuzidweba, nokuqonda umsebenzi wazo. Kulapho ososayensi bathola khona ukuthi kunezakhi zofuzo ezingaba ngu-20,500 emizimbeni yethu.
Besebenzisa lolu lwazi, odokotela manje sebengakwazi ukubona ukuthi obani abasengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo ezithile, njengomdlavuza nezifo ezingavamile ezithinta izingane ezincane. Lobu buchwepheshe buzosiza futhi esikhathini esizayo ukukhetha ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kakhulu kwesiguli.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Genetics ne-Genomics?
Nakuba la magama amabili ngezinye izikhathi ezwakala ngendlela efanayo, kunomehluko ocacile phakathi kwawo womabili. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda lo mehluko.
Izakhi zofuzoIzakhi zofuzo isifundo sezakhi zofuzo ngazinye. Izakhi zofuzo isifundo sesimiso sezakhi zofuzo, okungukuthi, indlela zonke izakhi zofuzo ezisebenza ngayo ndawonye.
Isibonelo, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ukuthi ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile kungabangela izifo. Abantu abanokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze -BRCA basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola umdlavuza webele nowesibeletho kunomuntu ojwayelekile. Uma unenkinga, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kwegazi okuhlola leso sakhi sofuzo esithile. Lokho kubizwa ngokuthi ukwakheka kwezakhi zofuzo.
Kodwa i-genomics ibanzi kakhulu kunalokhu. Ihilela ukumaka ukulandelana kwe-DNA yazo zonke izakhi zofuzo emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-genomic sequencing . Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale njengomsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi, izindleko zalokhu manje sezehlile kakhulu ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha.
Lo mehluko ungachazwa kabanzi kuthebula elingezansi.
| Isici | Izakhi zofuzo | I-Genomics |
|---|---|---|
| Naka | Mayelana nesakhi sofuzo esisodwa noma izakhi zofuzo eziningana | Cishe zonke izakhi zofuzo (i-Genome) zomuntu |
| Isikali | Isikali esincane | Ibanzi kakhulu (Ububanzi obubanzi) |
| Inhloso eyinhloko | Ukuthola ukuxhumana phakathi kwezifo ezizuzwe njengefa kanye nezakhi zofuzo ngazinye | Ukufunda ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwezifo, indawo ezungezile kanye nezakhi zofuzo |
| Isibonelo | Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA ukuze kutholakale ingozi yomdlavuza webele | Ukuhlolwa kwe-genome ephelele yesifo esingaziwa |
Ingabe kufanele futhi ngenze ukuhlolwa kwami kwezakhi zofuzo (i-Genome Sequencing)?
Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abanawo. Sekuvele kunezindawo emhlabeni wonke lapho lolu hlobo lokuhlola lungenziwa khona. Kodwa ingabe lokhu kuyinto wonke umuntu ayidingayo ngempela?
Uma sibheka isimo samanje, lolu vivinyo luwusizo kakhulu ezimweni ezimbalwa ezithile.
- Izingane ezinezimo zezokwelapha okunzima ukuzixilonga: Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nezinkinga zempilo zokuzalwa nazo, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, ukubambezeleka kokukhula, noma ukuquleka okuvamile. Uma imbangela ingatholakali ngokuhlolwa okuvamile, ukulandelana kwezakhi zofuzo kungakwazi ukuthola imbangela. Uma imbangela isitholakele, ukwelashwa kungashintshwa.
- Ezinye iziguli ezinomdlavuza: Ezigulini ezinomdlavuza othile, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wegazi, lokhu kuhlolwa kungabasiza ukuba bakhethe ukwelashwa okufanele futhi okuphumelelayo kakhulu kubo. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi "umuthi onembile." Okusho ukuthi, esikhundleni sokunikeza wonke umuntu umuthi ofanayo, sakha ukwelashwa okufanelana nezakhi zofuzo zakho.
Uma unomdlavuza, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalolu hlobo lokuhlolwa. Kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza onalo, ulwazi oluvela kulolu vivinyo lungasiza ekuqondiseni ukwelashwa kwakho noma lukusize uqonde ukuqhubeka kwesifo sakho.
Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwalokhu kuhlolwa kofuzo?
Lobu buchwepheshe buyajabulisa kakhulu futhi buthembisa kakhulu. Kodwa njengezinye izinhlangothi zohlamvu lwemali, bunezinzuzo nezinkinga zalo okudingeka zicatshangelwe.
| Ochwepheshe | Ububi |
|---|---|
| Ukwazi izingozi zesifo sakho: Uma wazi ukuthi unesifo senhliziyo esibangelwa yizakhi zofuzo, ungathatha indlela yokuphila enciphisa ingozi yakho. | Imiphumela engaphelele: Ngenxa yokuthi ososayensi abakayiqondi indima yezakhi zofuzo eziningi, ukuhlolwa kwakho kungase kuthole izinguquko ezingenayo incazelo eyaziwayo. |
| Izindlela zokwelapha ezithile: Ukusiza ukukhetha izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu neziqondene nawe zezifo ezifana nomdlavuza. | Ukucindezeleka: Ukwazi ukuthi unesifo esibulalayo esingelapheki kungabangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu noma ukucindezeleka. |
| Ukuxilongwa kwesifo esingatholakali: Ukukwazi ukuthola imbangela ethile yezimo zezokwelapha ebezingakaze zitholakale isikhathi eside. | Izinkinga zobumfihlo: Kufanele ucabangele ukuba lonke ulwazi lwakho lwezakhi zofuzo lugcinwe yinkampani yangasese. Kufanele ukhathazeke ngokuphepha kwedatha. |
Uma ucabangela ukuhlolwa okunjalo, kufanele futhi ucabangele amathuba okucindezeleka okuvela kulwazi olukunikezayo. Nakuba abanye abantu bengase bathande ukwazi ikusasa labo kusenesikhathi, abanye bangase bangakwazi ukulisingatha. Futhi, cabanga kabili ngokunikeza inkampani yangasese ulwazi lwakho lofuzo oluyimfihlo kakhulu. Funda futhi uqonde izinqubomgomo zabo zokuvikela idatha ngokucophelela.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukwelapha nge-genomic akuphathelene ne-gene eyodwa, kodwa mayelana nendlela zonke izakhi zofuzo emzimbeni wakho ezisebenza ngayo ndawonye .
- Lona umkhakha omusha kwezokwelapha. Unamandla amakhulu okuxilonga izifo ezingavamile okunzima ukuzixilonga, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngemithi eyenzelwe wena uqobo ezigulini zomdlavuza.
- Lokhu akulona ukuhlolwa okuvamile okufanele wonke umuntu akwenze ngalesi sikhathi. Okwamanje kuwusizo kakhulu kubantu abanezidingo ezithile zezokwelapha.
- Nakuba lokhu kuhlolwa kungaba nezinzuzo, kungabangela nemiphumela emibi maqondana nokucindezeleka kanye nokuphepha kwedatha yomuntu siqu.
- Okubaluleke kakhulu: Uma ucabanga ukwenza lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa, ungenzi izinqumo ngokwakho. Qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala bese uthola iseluleko sakhe.
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