Uyafuna ukwazi ngalesi sifo esithwalwa omiyane? Ake sixoxe ngegciwane i-St. Louis Encephalitis Virus!

Omiyane abayona into entsha ezweni lethu. Kodwa ubuwazi ukuthi abanye omiyane bangadlulisela nezifo eziyingozi? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esingavamile kodwa esingaba yingozi esidluliselwa omiyane. Leso yi-St. Louis Encephalitis Virus, noma i-SLEV ngamafuphi.

Iyini i-St. Louis Encephalitis Virus (SLEV)? Isakazeka kanjani?

Kalula nje, leli yigciwane elisakazwa omiyane. Lidluliselwa ngqo omiyane baseCulex. Uma leli gciwane lingena emzimbeni wakho, into eyingozi kakhulu ukuthi lingabangela ukuvuvukala ngaphakathi kobuchopho, okuwukuvuvukala. Ngokwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-encephalitis.

Iningi labantu lithola i-SLEV ngokulunywa umiyane onegciwane. Kodwa-ke, ayisabalali kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye ngokuxhawulana, ukugona, ukuphuza engilazini efanayo, noma ukuqabulana. Lokho kuyimpumuzo enkulu, akunjalo? Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, ukuthi ingasabalala ngokumpontshelwa igazi .

Kuphi lapho lesi sifo sivame kakhulu khona? Ingabe sivame kakhulu?

Lesi sifo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-SLEV, asivamile kakhulu. Amacala amaningi abikwa e-United States, ikakhulukazi emazweni asempumalanga, emaphakathi, naseningizimu-ntshonalanga. Kodwa-ke, lezi ziguli zibikwe nakwamanye amazwe afana ne-Argentina, iCanada, iCaribbean, neMexico.

Ngokusho kwe-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), zingaphezudlwana nje kwezingu-300 izimo ze-SLEV ezibikiwe phakathi kuka-2003 no-2024. E-US, lesi sifo sivame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sesizini efudumele, kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni ezifudumele, singavela unyaka wonke.

Ziyini lezi zimpawu ze-SLEV?

Izimpawu ze-SLEV ziyahlukahluka. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ungabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu, noma ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ovamile.

Izimpawu ezincane

Lezi yizimpawu ezincane ezivame ukubonakala:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu (ukukhathala)
• Imfiva
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• Isicanucanu

Izimpawu ezinzima

Kodwa-ke, uma i-SLEV iba nzima, ingabangela ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, okuyinto esikhulume ngayo ekuqaleni, i-encephalitis. Izimpawu ziyingozi kakhulu:

• Izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwengqondo yakho, njengokudideka, ukucasuka, nokudideka
• Intamo eqinile
• Ukuthuthumela okungalawuleki kwamalungu (ukuthuthumela)

Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ebonisa izimpawu zokulahlekelwa ingqondo, kufanele uye esibhedlela ngokushesha okukhulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu!

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ze-SLEV, i-coma ngisho nokufa kungenzeka.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi izimpawu zivele?

Ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku ezine kuya kweziyishumi nane ukuthi izimpawu ze-SLEV zivele ngemva kokulunywa umiyane onegciwane. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi isikhathi sokufukamela, noma isikhathi nje ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu.

I-encephalitis yaseSt. Louis ikhula kanjani?

Omiyane bathola i-SLEV ngokumunca igazi lezinyoni ezinegciwane. Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho labo miyane abanegciwane beluma isikhumba sakho, okungukuthi, lapho bemunca igazi, igciwane le-SLEV lingena emzimbeni wakho. Okubalulekile, abantu babhekwa 'njengomnikazi wegciwane ongapheli' . Uyazi ukuthi kungani? Awunawo amazinga aphezulu egciwane egazini lakho, ngakho awukwazi ukusabalalisa lesi sifo komunye umuntu. Uma umuntu ethola i-SLEV, akudingeki azihlukanise, agqoke imaski, noma abulale amagciwane emakhaya akhe.

Kodwa njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi lokhu kutheleleka kusakazeke ngokumpontshelwa igazi.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa lokhu?

Igciwane le-encephalitis laseSt. Louis liyisifo esingavamile kakhulu, kodwa ungase ube sengozini enkulu yokuthola i-SLEV uma:

• Uma uhlala noma usebenza ezindaweni lapho i-SLEV itholakala khona, ikakhulukazi eduze kwezindawo lapho omiyane bezalela khona, njengezindawo zamanzi, amaxhaphozi, noma izindawo ezinamahlathi.
• Uma uchitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphandle ezindaweni ezinesifo sobhubhane, ikakhulukazi ekuseni nakusihlwa, ngoba yilapho omiyane besebenza khona kakhulu.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuba nezimpawu ze-SLEV ezinzima?

Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube nezimpawu ze-SLEV ezinzima uma lezi zici zisebenza kuwe:

• Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 ubudala.
• Uma amasosha akho omzimba ebuthakathaka.
• Uma unesifo sikashukela .

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yegciwane le-encephalitis laseSt. Louis?

Ngisho noma ukwelashwa kuphumelele, i-SLEV ingabangela izinkinga zesikhathi eside. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ezinye izinkinga zingase zihlale ngisho nangemva kokuba isifo sesiphelile. Isibonelo:

• Izinguquko ekuziphatheni kwakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinto ezinjengokuthukuthela kalula, ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, kanye nokucasuka.
• Ubunzima bokuhamba.
• Ubunzima bokukhumbula izinto (ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo).
• Futhi, i-SLEV ingabangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo ezinganeni ezincane .

Odokotela bayithola kanjani igciwane le-encephalitis laseSt. Louis?

Udokotela uzoqala ngokubuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha, izimpawu, bese enza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Angase abuze imibuzo efana nale:

• Uke wahamba noma kuphi muva nje?
• Uke walunywa omiyane muva nje?
• Omiyane balunywa nini?
• Uqale nini ukuqaphela izimpawu?

Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi une-SLEV, uzoyala ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-serological. Lokhu kubheka ama-antibodies egazini lakho, ikakhulukazi i-antibody ebizwa ngokuthi i-Immunoglobulin M (IgM). Isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela senza la ma-antibodies ukuze akuvikele ekuthelelekeni. La ma-antibodies akhiqizwa futhi ngokumelene nokutheleleka kwe-SLEV.

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela bangase batuse ukuthatha isampula yoketshezi lwakho lomgogodla (umgogodla ompompini / ukubhobozwa kwe-lumbar) ukuze uhlole ama-antibodies e-IgM ku-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Iphathwa kanjani i-SLEV?

Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwegciwane le-encephalitis laseSt. Louis. Kodwa-ke, uma unezimpawu ezincane, udokotela wakho angase akuncome okulandelayo:

• Uma uphathwa yikhanda elibuhlungu, thatha imithi yokubulala izinhlungu efana ne-acetaminophen (isib. iTylenol®), i-aspirin (isib. iBayer®, iBufferin®), i-ibuprofen (isib. i-Advil®, iMotrin IB®), noma i-naproxen sodium (isib. i-Aleve®).
• Ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi, ikakhulukazi amanzi, kuyindlela enhle yokuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
• Imithi yokucanuzela nokuhlanza. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-bismuth subsalicylate (isib. i-Pepto-Bismol®) kanye nesisombululo se-carbohydrate esine-phosphorated (isib. i-Emetrol®).

Kodwa uma unezimpawu ezinzima, kungadingeka ukuthi ulaliswe esibhedlela futhi uqashwe. Uma i-SLEV ibangela ukuvuvukala okukhulu ebuchosheni bakho, udokotela ohlinzayo kungadingeka asuse ingxenye yogebhezi lwakho (craniotomy) ukuze anciphise ingcindezi ebuchosheni bakho.

Ingabe i-SLEV ingelapheka ngemithi yokulwa namagciwane?

Cha, imithi yokulwa namagciwane ayikwazi ukwelapha i-SLEV. Izimpawu ezincane zingadambisa ngemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela.

Ingabe ukhona umuthi wokugomela i-SLEV?

Cha, akukho muthi wokugoma otholakale ukuvikela i-SLEV.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa?

Isikhathi esithathayo ukuze ululame sincike ebunzimeni bokutheleleka. Ezimweni ezincane, izimpawu zakho zingase ziphele emavikini ambalwa. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimpawu zingathatha izinyanga eziningana ukuthi ziphele ngokuphelele.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma uba nezimpawu zegciwane le-encephalitis laseSt. Louis, ikakhulukazi uma usanda kulunywa umiyane, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Udokotela angahlola izimpawu zakho, enze noma yiziphi izivivinyo ezidingekayo, futhi ancome ukwelashwa.

Ungabuza udokotela imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingabe izimpawu zami zimbi kakhulu?
• Ingabe kuzodingeka ngilaliswe esibhedlela?
• Ngizoqala nini ukuzizwa ngingcono?
• Ngingazilawula kanjani izimpawu zami ekhaya?
• Ingabe kukhona izimpawu ezingathi sína okufanele ngizazi?
• Ingabe ngidinga ukubuya ukuze ngithole i-aphoyintimenti yokulandelela?

Yini engingayilindela uma nginalesi simo?

Iningi labantu abathola igciwane le-St. Louis encephalitis abanazo izimpawu, noma izimpawu zabo zincane kakhulu. Ungase ululame ngaphambi kokuba igciwane libangele ukuvuvukala ebuchosheni bakho. Kodwa-ke, kungaba yingozi empilweni, ikakhulukazi uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, unesifo sikashukela, noma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka. Uma unezimpawu, bheka udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko. Uzokutshela ukuthi yini ongayilindela.

Lingakanani izinga lokufa kwabantu abane-encephalitis yaseSt. Louis?

Izinga lokufa kwabantu abathola i-SLEV liphakathi kuka-5 no-20 kwabayi-100. Leli zinga liphakeme uma uneminyaka engaphezu kuka-50 noma unomfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme).

Ingabe igciwane le-encephalitis laseSt. Louis lingavinjelwa?

Njengoba sesishilo kakade, awukho umuthi wokugomela igciwane le-encephalitis laseSt. Louis. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ku-SLEV ukugwema omiyane. Ungenza okulandelayo ukuze uzivikele komiyane:

• Gwema ukuya ezindaweni lapho i-SLEV itholakala khona.
• Ukugwema amanzi amile, njengamachibi namaxhaphozi. Futhi, njalo ukhipha amanzi ezindaweni zokugeza izinyoni, amabhakede, amathini okunisela, kanye namathini kadoti. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi omiyane bazalela emanzini amile.
• Ukufaka izikrini eziqinile emafasiteleni naseminyango yendlu yakho.
• Ukusebenzisa into yokuxosha izinambuzane uma uphuma ngaphandle.
• Uma uchitha isikhathi ngaphandle, gqoka amahembe amakhulu anemikhono emide, amabhulukwe, kanye namasokisi.

Kungani lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-St. Louis encephalitis?

Lesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi i-St. Louis encephalitis ngoba leli gciwane laqala ukutholakala ngo-1933 eSt. Louis, eMissouri, e-USA. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kwabikwa amacala angaphezu kwenkulungwane.

Nginganikela ngegazi uma nginesifo segciwane i-St. Louis encephalitis?

Cha, awukwazi ukunikela ngegazi uma unegciwane le-SLEV elisebenzayo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele ukwazi ukunikela ngegazi cishe ezinyangeni ezine ngemuva kokuba ukutheleleka sekuphelile. Ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela uma usanda kuba negciwane le-SLEV.

Esikhathini esiningi, omiyane bayacasula nje. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi bangathwala izifo, futhi uma bekuluma, bangakudlulisela kuwe. Igciwane le-encephalitis laseSt. Louis lingesinye sezifo ezinjalo. Kubantu abaningi, ingozi yokugula kakhulu ngenxa yalo iphansi. Kodwa izimpawu ezimbi, ngezinye izikhathi ezisongela ukuphila, zingavela. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ukugwema omiyane, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho i-SLEV ivame khona. Uma ulunywe umiyane futhi uba nezimpawu ze-SLEV, bona udokotela. Angakwelapha izimpawu zakho futhi, uma kudingeka, akuqaphe ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi azibi zimbi kakhulu.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule kulesi sihloko

Igciwane le-encephalitis likaSt. Louis (SLEV) liyisifo esithwalwa omiyane esingabangela ukuvuvukala kobuchopho (encephalitis). Akuvamile ukudluliselwa kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye.

• Izimpawu zingasukela kokuncane (umkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu) kuya kokubi kakhulu (ukudideka, intamo eqinile). Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinzima, hamba esibhedlela ngokushesha.
• Akukho muthi noma umuthi wokugomela othize walokhu. Ukwelashwa kungokwezimpawu.
• Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuzivikela komiyane. Yenza izinto ezifana nokususa amanzi angcolile, ukusebenzisa imithi yokuxosha omiyane, nokugqoka izingubo ezimboza umzimba wakho.
• Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka, noma unesifo sikashukela, usengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo esibi kakhulu.
• Uma unokungabaza noma izimpawu, ungalokothi ulibale ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

I- St. Louis Encephalitis, i-SLEV, Omiyane, Igciwane, Ukuvuvukala Kobuchopho, I-Encephalitis, Izimpawu, Ukuvimbela