Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba, ushaqekile, futhi ungaqiniseki lapho udokotela wakho ekutshela noma othile omaziyo ukuthi unomdlavuza webele "weSigaba III". Imibuzo efana nokuthi 'Ngenzenjani manje?', 'Ingabe lokhu kungelapheka?', 'Ingabe ukwelashwa kuzoba nzima?' mhlawumbe ifika engqondweni. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Imithi yanamuhla isithuthuke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalesi simo kanye nokwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwaso ngendlela elula kakhulu ongayiqonda.
Kuyini ngempela 'iSigaba III'?
Kalula nje, kulesi sigaba, umdlavuza ususakazeke ngale kwebele waya kuma-lymph node aseduze, noma ngokwesiko, emakhwapheni. Ngezinye izikhathi, isimila singakhula sibe sikhulu kangangokuthi sinamathele odongeni lwesifuba noma esikhumbeni sesifuba ngokwaso.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi lokhu kuzwakala kusabisa, kodwa into ebalulekile ukuthi kulesi sigaba, kungasetshenziswa inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha esikhundleni sendlela eyodwa yokwelapha, futhi imiphumela ephumelelayo kakhulu ingatholakala.
Manje ake sibone ukuthi ziyini lezi zindlela zokwelapha.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko?
Lapho welapha umdlavuza webele wesigaba sesi-3, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokwakha uhlelo lokwelapha olungcono kakhulu oluqondene nesimo sakho. Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha eziyinhloko ezisetshenziselwa lokhu. Ake sizibheke.
| Indlela yokwelapha | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali | Ukunikeza imithi enamandla yokubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. |
| Ukuhlinzwa | Ukususwa kwesimila esinomdlavuza kanye nezicubu ezizungezile ngokuhlinzwa. |
| Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe | Ukusebenzisa imisebe enamandla aphezulu ukubhubhisa noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele. |
| Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone | Ukuvimba ukusebenza kwama-hormone asiza ukukhula komdlavuza. |
| Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe | Ukwelashwa okuqondiswe enqubweni ethile yamaseli omdlavuza. |
Kulungile, manje ake sixoxe ngezindlela zokwelapha ngayinye ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.
Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
Lena yindlela yokwelapha evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yomdlavuza wesigaba sesi-3.
- Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa: Ngezinye izikhathi, uma kunezimila ezinkulu, kunikezwa i-chemotherapy ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuncishiswe isimila . Lokhu kwenza ukuhlinzwa kube lula futhi kuphumelele kakhudlwana.
- Ngemva kokuhlinzwa: Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kusiza ekubhubhiseni noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza angase ahlale emzimbeni ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kodwa angabonakali ngamehlo enyama.
- Njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko: Kwezinye izimo, uma ukuhlinzwa kungenzeki, kusetshenziswa i-chemotherapy njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko.
Lokhu kwelashwa kungathathwa njengephilisi noma uketshezi, kodwa kuvame ukunikezwa ngemithambo yegazi (efakwa emthanjeni noma nge-IV). Uzonikezwa ikhefu phakathi kwemijikelezo ukuze umzimba wakho ukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo.
Ukuhlinzwa
Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngemva kokuba i-chemotherapy isinciphisile isimila. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- Ukususwa kwe-Lumpectomy: Lokhu kuhilela ukususa isimila esinomdlavuza kanye nenani elincane lezicubu ezinempilo ezisizungezile, kushiye ibele liphelele.
- Ukususwa kwebele: Lokhu kuhilela ukususa lonke ibele.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlinzwani, ama-lymph node asekhwapheni lapho umdlavuza usakazeke khona nawo azosuswa . Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwebele, ungase ube nenketho yokuhlinzwa kabusha kwebele uma ufuna. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.
Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa noma yimaphi amangqamuzana amancane omdlavuza angase ahlale endaweni yokuhlinzwa. Kufana nokuhlikihla nokugeza kahle. Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yomdlavuza wokubuyela endaweni efanayo.
Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone
Lokhu kwelashwa akufanele wonke umuntu. Kubalulekile kuphela kubantu abanomdlavuza "one-hormone receptor" .
Kusho ukuthini lokho?
Kalula nje, ama-hormone afana ne-estrogen emizimbeni yethu asiza lawo maseli omdlavuza ukuthi akhule. Ngakho-ke lokhu kwelashwa kuvimbe lawo ma-hormone ukuthi angafinyeleli kumaseli omdlavuza noma kuvimbele ukusebenza kwalawo ma-hormone.
- Umuthi 'iTamoxifen' uvame ukusetshenziswa ngale njongo.
- Ama-inhibitor e-Aromatase, njenge-anastrozole (Arimidex) kanye ne-letrozole (Femara), anikezwa abesifazane asebekhulile.
Indlela entsha yokwelapha: Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe
Lesi ngesinye sezici ezithuthuke kakhulu zokwelapha umdlavuza. Ngokungafani ne-chemotherapy, lezi zindlela zokwelapha zihlose ubuthakathaka noma umgomo othile kumaseli omdlavuza.
- Umdlavuza One-HER2 Positive: Eminye imidlavuza yebele ineprotheni eningi kakhulu ebizwa ngokuthi i-'HER2'. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi umdlavuza ukhule ngokushesha. Laba bantu banikezwa imithi efana ne-'trastuzumab (Herceptin)' kanye ne-'pertuzumab (Perjeta).' Lokhu kusebenza ngokumisa ukusebenza kweprotheni ye-'HER2' nokulawula umdlavuza.
- Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA: Eminye imidlavuza ibangelwa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ze-'BRCA'. Kulaba bantu, uhlobo lwemithi olubizwa ngokuthi 'i-PARP inhibitors' (isib. `olaparib (Lynparza)`) lungasebenza kahle kakhulu.
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha eziqondiwe njenge-'CDK 4/6 inhibitors' kanye ne-'PIK3CA inhibitors'. Kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza wakho, odokotela bazonquma ukuthi yikuphi kwalokhu kwelashwa okufanele.
Cabanga futhi ngezivivinyo zemitholampilo.
Lezi yizifundo ezisesesigabeni socwaningo, ezihlola ukwelashwa okuseqophelweni eliphezulu. Ezinye iziguli ezinomdlavuza wesigaba sesi-3 zingase zibe nethuba lokubamba iqhaza 'kuHlolo lweMitholampilo' olufana nalolu. Ngalesi, ungathola ukwelashwa kwakamuva emhlabeni. Ungakhohlwa ukubuza udokotela wakho ngolwazi olwengeziwe ngalokhu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Nakuba umdlavuza webele wesigaba sesi-3 uyisimo esibi kakhulu, uyelapheka futhi uyalawuleka . Ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa ukwelashwa okuningi ndawonye, imiphumela ephumelelayo kakhulu ingatholakala.
- Uhlelo lokwelashwa olutholayo luhloselwe wena ngqo, ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lomdlavuza wakho (isib., oluzwela ama-hormone, olune-HER2).
- Sicela uzizwe ukhululekile ukubuza udokotela wakho noma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho mayelana nokwelashwa noma imiphumela yako emibi. Bazibophezele ekukusizeni.
- Ukugcina isimo sengqondo esiqinile nokusekelwa umndeni nabangane kubaluleke kakhulu phakathi nalolu hambo. Ungahlupheki wedwa.
- Ngenxa yezindlela zesimanje ezifana nokwelashwa okuqondiwe, kunethemba elingcono kakhulu lokwelapha umdlavuza webele namuhla kunangaphambili.
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