Kunzima ukusho ngamazwi ukuthi uzizwa kanjani uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi unomdlavuza webele. Kodwa kungaba nzima nakakhulu uma udokotela wakho esebenzisa amagama anjengokuthi "Isigaba 2" kanye "neBanga 3." Zisho ukuthini ngempela lezi zigaba namabanga? Ukwazi lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi uqine ngokwengqondo futhi wenze izinqumo ezifanele mayelana nokwelashwa kwakho. Ngakho-ke ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngaphandle kokwesaba, kalula nangokucacile.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kweSigaba neBanga?
Nakuba la magama amabili ezwakala ngendlela efanayo uma uwezwa, empeleni asho izinto ezimbili.
- Isigaba Somdlavuza: Kalula nje, 'isigaba' somdlavuza sibhekisela ekutheni umdlavuza ususabalale kangakanani emzimbeni . Njengezimpande zomuthi, sibheka ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalale kangakanani usuka ebeleni, nokuthi ngabe ususabalale yini kuma-lymph node aseduze noma kwezinye izitho zomzimba.
- Izinga Lomdlavuza: 'Izinga' lomdlavuza libhekisela ekutheni amangqamuzana omdlavuza anolaka kangakanani . Okusho ukuthi, ahluke kangakanani kumaseli anempilo uma ebhekwa nge-microscope, nokuthi ahlukana futhi asakazeke ngokushesha kangakanani.
Zombili lezi zici zibaluleke kakhulu kudokotela ukuze akukhethele ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu.
Thola izigaba zomdlavuza webele
Izigaba zomdlavuza webele zivame ukubalwa kusukela ku-0 kuya ku-4. Uma inani liphansi, umdlavuza awusabalali kakhulu.
- Isigaba 0: Lesi yisigaba sokuqala. Amaseli omdlavuza angaphakathi kwemisele yobisi kuphela. Awakasabalali ngaphandle okwamanje. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi `(Ductal Carcinoma In Situ - DCIS)`. Lesi yisimo esingelapheka kakhulu.
- Isigaba I: Yilapho umdlavuza ususakazekele khona ezicutshini zebele ezinempilo. Kodwa isimila sisesincane (mhlawumbe silingana ne-peanut) futhi umdlavuza ukhawulelwe ebeleni kanye nasezinhlayiyeni ezimbalwa ze-lymph eziseduze. Umdlavuza kulesi sigaba nawo uyelapheka kakhulu .
- Isigaba Sesibili: Isimila sikhulu kancane (mhlawumbe silingana nolamula), noma sesisakazekele kuma-lymph node ekhwapheni, kodwa umdlavuza usatholakala endaweni yebele kuphela.
- Isigaba III: Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi umdlavuza "othuthuke kakhulu endaweni". Lapha, umdlavuza ususakazeke odongeni lwesifuba noma esikhumbeni, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ususakazeke kuma-lymph node amaningana. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi awukasabalali ezithweni ezikude njengesibindi noma amaphaphu. Ngokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi bakwazile ukulawula umdlavuza kulesi sigaba futhi balulame.
- Isigaba IV:Lesi yisigaba esithuthuke kakhulu. Lapha umdlavuza ususakazeke ngale kwebele waya ezithweni ezikude, njengamathambo, amaphaphu, isibindi noma ubuchopho . Siphinde sibize lo mdlavuza ngokuthi 'osakazeke kakhulu'. Nakuba lesi sigaba kunzima ukuselapha ngokuphelele, ukwelashwa okuthuthukile kwanamuhla kungalawula ukukhula komdlavuza, kunciphise izimpawu futhi kuvumele abantu abaningi ukuba baphile impilo enhle izinyanga, ngezinye izikhathi iminyaka .
Izinga lomdlavuza kanye nezinye izivivinyo ezibalulekile
Izinga linqunywa ngokuhlola amangqamuzana omdlavuza atholwe ngokuhlinzwa noma nge-biopsy ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
| Ibanga | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ibanga 1 | Amaseli omdlavuza afana kakhulu namaseli anempilo. Akhula kancane futhi asakazeka ngesivinini esiphansi. |
| Ibanga lesi-2 | Amaseli omdlavuza ahlukile kancane kumaseli anempilo. Akhula ngesivinini esimaphakathi. |
| Ibanga lesi-3 | Amaseli omdlavuza ahluke kakhulu kumaseli anempilo. Akhula futhi asakazeke ngokushesha. |
Ama-Hormone Receptors kanye Nesimo se-HER2
Lokhu okunye ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni ukwelashwa.
- Isimo se-ER/PR: Amanye amangqamuzana omdlavuza webele adinga ama-hormone abesifazane i-`Estrogen (ETU) ` kanye ne-`Progesterone (PR)` ukuze awasize akhule. Amangqamuzana akho omdlavuza azohlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi anama-receptor aphendula kula ma-hormone. Uma enza kanjalo, azoba `ne-ER-positive` noma `ne-PR-positive`. Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone kungaba wusizo kakhulu kubantu abanjalo.
- Isimo se-HER2: `I-HER2` iyiprotheni esheshisa ukukhula kwamaseli omdlavuza. Uma umdlavuza wakho ukhiqiza kakhulu le phrotheni ye-`I-HER2`, i-`I-HER2-positive`. Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezihlukile eziqondiwe zalokhu.
- I-Triple-Negative: Uma umdlavuza ungenayo imiphumela kuzo zontathu lezi: i-ER, i-PR, kanye ne-HER2, siwubiza ngokuthi "umdlavuza webele ongenayo imiphumela emithathu." Izindlela zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka kulokhu.
Ngokuqoqa lonke lolu lwazi, udokotela uzokwakha uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele wena futhi oluzokunikeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu.
Iyini le ndlela ye-TNM?
Enye indlela enemininingwane esetshenziswa odokotela ukuthola ngokunembile isigaba somdlavuza ibizwa ngokuthi ``i-TNM Staging System``. Izinhlamvu ezikulesi simiso zisho okulandelayo.
| Incwadi | Incazelo | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|---|
| I-T (Isimila) | Isithelo esiyinhloko | Ingakanani ithumba? Ukuthi lisakazekele esikhumbeni noma odongeni lwesifuba kuboniswa uhlamvu u-T olulandelwa inombolo (T1, T2...). Uma inombolo iphakeme, ithumba liba likhulu. |
| N (Ama-Node) | Ama-lymph node | Ingabe isakazeke kuma-lymph node aseduze? Ububanzi bokusabalala buboniswa uhlamvu u-N kanye nenombolo (N0, N1...). U-N0 usho ukuthi ayikasabalali. |
| M (Ukusabalala kwe-Metastasis) | Ukusabalala okukude | Uhlamvu M lukhombisa ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele yini ezithweni ezikude (njengamathambo noma amaphaphu) (ukusabalala kwezicubu). U-M0 usho ukuthi akukaze kube nokusabalala okude. U-M1 usho ukuthi ususakazekile. |
Ungesabi amazinga okusinda.
Uma ubheka ku-inthanethi, uzobona izibalo ezifana nokuthi "izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emi-5." Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba uma ubona lezi zinombolo. Kodwa sicela ukhumbule, lezi ziyizilinganiso nje ezisekelwe ezinkulungwaneni zedatha yeziguli.
Akekho ongasho ngqo ukuthi kuzokwenzekani kuwe. Imiphumela yakho ingahluka kuye ngezici eziningi, okuhlanganisa iminyaka yakho, impilo yakho iyonke, kanye nendlela osabela ngayo ekwelashweni. Enye into ukuthi, lezi zibalo zisekelwe kudatha yomlando. Lezi zinombolo zishintsha njalo zibe ngcono njengoba ukwelashwa okusha kutholakala.
Ngakho-ke ungajabuli kakhulu ngalezi zinombolo. Umuntu ongcono kakhulu owaziyo ukuthi lezi zinto zisebenza kanjani esimweni sakho udokotela wakho. Khuluma naye ngokukhululekile ngalokhu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isigaba somdlavuza sisitshela ukuthi ususabalale kangakanani. Isigaba sisitshela ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza anolaka kangakanani.
- Ukwazi isigaba, ibanga, kanye nolunye ulwazi (ER, PR, HER2) lomdlavuza wakho kungakusiza ukhethe ukwelashwa okufanele nokuphumelelayo kakhulu kuwe.
- Ngisho nasezigabeni ezithuthukile njengesigaba sesi-3, kunethuba elihle lokululama ngokwelashwa okufanele. Ngisho nasesigabeni sesi-4, ukwelashwa kwesimanje kungakusiza ukuthi uphile kahle iminyaka eminingi ngenkathi ulawula lesi sifo.
- Izibalo (Amanani Okusinda) ozibonayo ku-inthanethi zimane nje ziyizilinganiso ezijwayelekile. Zingase zingasebenzi esimweni sakho. Ngakho-ke ungesabi.
- Khuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho. Uyilungu elibalulekile lethimba lakho lezempilo. Ukukhuluma ngalokhu nomndeni wakho nabangani kuzokusiza uzizwe uqiniseka kakhudlwana.
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