Ingabe nawe unesifo sokuwa njalo? Ake sifunde ngalesi simo esiyingozi? (Status Epilepticus)

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabona abanye babangani bethu namalungu omndeni bexhuzula ngokulandelana. Noma bangase babe nokuxhuzula okukodwa bese beba nokunye ngaphambi kokuba baphinde baqonde. Lesi yisimo esibucayi. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalesi simo sezokwelapha esiyingozi nesiphuthumayo esibizwa ngokuthi ``Status Epilepticus```.

Kuyini i-Status Epilepticus?

Kalula nje, i-Status Epilepticus (SE) yisimo lapho umuntu eba nokuquleka okuqhubekayo, noma uchungechunge lokuquleka, ngaphandle kwesikhathi esanele sokuthola ulwazi noma ukululama. Lesi simo sivame kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sokuquleka, kodwa abantu abangenaso isifo sokuquleka bangaba nalezi zinhlobo zokuquleka okuqhubekayo ngenxa yezimo ezahlukene zezokwelapha.

Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esisongela ukuphila futhi sidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo.

Uma wena noma othile onayo enesifo sokuwa esihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu emihlanu, noma uma uke waba nochungechunge lokuwa futhi ungakabuyi engqondweni, shayela u-1990 (i-ambulensi) noma inombolo yakho yezimo eziphuthumayo yendawo ngokushesha. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba uma uthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha, umphumela uba ngcono.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilesi simo?

Noma ubani angaba nesifo sokuwa, futhi isimo sokuwa (SE) asihlukile. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuba naso. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ubudala: Izingane ezincane ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa kanye nabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 banamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi simo. Kodwa-ke, singase senzeke kunoma yimuphi ubudala. La maqembu amabili eminyaka asengozini enkulu ngenxa yezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezingaholela ku-status epilepticus (SE) (bheka Izimbangela Nezimpawu).
• Ubulili: Amadoda anamathuba amancane okuthola lesi simo.
• Ukuba nesifo sokuwa: Iningi labantu abathola isimo sokuwa (SE) banesifo sokuwa. Kutholakale ukuthi phakathi kuka-16% no-38% wezingane ezincane kanye naphakathi kuka-42% no-50% wabantu abadala banesifo sokuwa.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Isifo sokuwa kwe-Status epilepticus (SE) asisona isimo esivamile, kodwa singesinye sezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha ezivame kakhulu ezihilela ubuchopho. Ochwepheshe balinganisela ukuthi phakathi kwabantu abangu-7 no-40 kubantu abayi-100,000 siba nalesi simo minyaka yonke. Lokho kusho ukuthi e-United States, isibonelo, kubikwa amacala aphakathi kuka-23,000 no-131,800 minyaka yonke. Cishe u-2% wazo zonke izithuthwane zikhula zibe yi-status epilepticus (SE), kanti cishe u-23% wezithuthwane ezintsha zikhula zibe yilesi simo.

I-status epilepticus ithinta kanjani umzimba?

Nakuba isimo se-epilepticus (SE) siqala ebuchosheni bakho, singaba nemiphumela eyingozi ezinhlelweni eziningana emzimbeni wakho wonke.Ukuze uqonde ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani, kuyasiza ukuqonda okuncane ngokuthi kuyini ukuxhuzula.

Umphumela ebuchosheni

Amangqamuzana ezinzwa ebuchosheni bakho, abizwa ngokuthi ama-neurons, awakwazi ukuqhuma ngokungalawuleki isikhathi eside. Njengoba nje idivayisi kagesi ingasha uma ivezwa ugesi omningi, umsebenzi ongalawuleki wokuxhuzula we-status epilepticus (SE) ungalimaza ama-neurons akho. Lo monakalo uvame ukuba khona unomphela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungase ulahlekelwe ikhono lokulawula izingxenye zobuchopho bakho ezonakele.

Imiphumela kwezinye izinhlelo zomzimba

Ku-status epilepticus (SE), imisipha yomzimba wakho wonke inganyakaza ngendlela engalawuleki nebanzi. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho likhuphuke futhi imisipha yakho ikhathale. Umzimba wakho uzama ukubuyisela ngokukhulula amakhemikhali egazini lakho. Kodwa lokhu kusiza isikhathi esilinganiselwe kuphela.

Uma isimo se-epilepticus (SE) sihlala isikhathi eside, singathinta lezi zinhlelo ezilandelayo emzimbeni wakho:

• Inhliziyo: Uma izinguquko zamakhemikhali egazini zihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, zingaba yingozi esikhundleni sokuba wusizo. Lokhu kungaholela ekushayweni kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma ngisho nokulimala kwenhliziyo. Ezinye izithuthwane zingabangela ukuba inhliziyo yehle (bradycardia) noma ime ngokuphelele (asystole).
• Imisipha: Imisipha ingonakala ngenxa yokusebenza njalo, njengalapho uzikhandla ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca. Lokhu kungaholela ekulimaleni kwemisipha yakho nakwezinye izicubu ezithambile. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lo monakalo ungabangela ngisho nokudabuka kwezicubu zakho zemisipha.
• Izinso: Imikhiqizo yokuwohloka kwezicubu zemisipha eyonakele inobuthi. Izinso zakho zingahlunga inani elilinganiselwe lalezi zinto, kodwa uma inani landa, izinso zingase zigcwale amandla futhi zibangele ukwehluleka kwezinso.
• Ukuphefumula: I-Status epilepticus (SE) ingaphazamisa ikhono lakho lokuphefumula. Lokhu kungaholela ekuntulekeni komoya-mpilo ebuchosheni nasemzimbeni, okungagcina kuholele ekufeni. Abantu abane-status epilepticus (SE) bangakhipha uketshezi oluvela esiswini sabo luye emaphashini abo, okungaholela e-pneumonia kanye nokutheleleka.
• Ukushisa komzimba okuphezulu: Njengomkhuhlane ophakeme, i-status epilepticus (SE) ingabangela ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho lenyuke liye emazingeni ayingozi. Lokhu kungalimaza zonke izinhlelo zomzimba wakho, ikakhulukazi ubuchopho.

Ziyini izimpawu?

Izimpawu ze-status epilepticus (SE) zincike endaweni yobuchopho ethintekile. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuxhuzula kwenzeka ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zobuchopho, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhuzula. Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-status epilepticus (SE). Lezi yizi:

• Isimo sokuquleka kwesifo sokuwa `(Convulsive SE)`:Lokhu kubonakala ngokugxumagxuma okungalawuleki nokuthuthumela kwezinhlangothi zombili zomzimba. Ukuxhuzula okujwayelekile kwe-tonic-clonic uhlobo oluyinhloko lokuxhuzula okungaholela kulesi simo.
• Isimo sokungaxhuzuli (Nonconvulsive status epilepticus `(Nonconvulsive SE)`: Kulokhu, akukho ukugxumagxuma, ukuthuthumela, noma ukunyakaza kwemisipha okungalawulwa. Kodwa-ke, kungase kwenzeke eminye imisipha emincane. Isibonelo, ukushukuma okuncane kwengalo noma ingxenye yobuso, njengokunyakaza okuphindaphindayo kancane. Lokhu `(Nonconvulsive SE)` kungabangelwa izinhlobo zokuxhuzula ezifana `(Absence seizures)` kanye `(Focal seizures)` ezithinta ingxenye encane yobuchopho kuphela.

Yiziphi izizathu zalokhu?

Imbangela eyodwa kuphela yesimo se-epilepticus (SE) ukuxhuzula. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko lapho ukuxhuzula kungenzeka khona:

• Ukuquleka okubangelwa yizimo ezithile noma izimbangela. Isibonelo, umkhuhlane ophakeme, ukuyeka utshwala noma izidakamizwa, ushukela ophansi egazini, isifo sohlangothi, izimila zobuchopho, kanye ne-encephalitis. Lolu hlobo lubangela u-25% kuya ku-30% wazo zonke iziqubu. Uma ukuquleka kubangelwa ukulimala kobuchopho, kubizwa ngokuthi ukuquleka okuphawulekayo okubangelwa izimpawu, futhi kunengozi enkulu yokuthi kukhule kube yi-status epilepticus.
• Ukuquleka okungavuswanga: Lokhu kuquleka akulona uphawu lwesimo sezokwelapha noma imbangela eyisisekelo. Kwenzeka lapho ubuchopho bomuntu buqala kalula ukuba nokuquleka ngokwako. Ukuquleka okwenzeka zingakapheli izinsuku eziyisikhombisa zokulimala ekhanda noma isifo sohlangothi nakho kuwela kulesi sigaba.

Izimbangela ezithile zokuquleka

Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani ukuquleka kungenzeka. Amanye amaqembu eminyaka asengozini enkulu yokuthola isimo sokuwa (SE) ngezizathu ezithile. Lezi yilezi:

• Umkhuhlane, ikakhulukazi umkhuhlane ophakeme: Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukuquleka kwe-Febrile" futhi kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokuquleka ezinganeni ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa ubudala.
• Ukushaywa yisifo sohlangothi, i-aneurysm, kanye nokopha kobuchopho: Noma iyiphi inkinga ngohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi elimaza ubuchopho noma ephazamisa ukusebenza kobuchopho ingabangela ukuquleka. Ukuquleka nezinkinga ezihlobene nakho, njenge-aneurysm kanye nokopha kobuchopho, yizona zimbangela eziphambili zokuquleka kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60.

Ezinye izizathu:

• Izimila zobuchopho (kufaka phakathi umdlavuza).
• Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo ebuchosheni (i-cerebral hypoxia).
• Ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda `(Ukushaqeka okukhulu kobuchopho kanye nokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu)`.
• Izifo ezibhubhisa ubuchopho kancane kancane, isibonelo isifo i-Alzheimer's noma i-frontotemporal dementia.
• Izidakamizwa notshwala (lokhu kufaka phakathi imithi, izidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa, ngisho ne-caffeine).
• Ukuhoxa ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa noma utshwala.
• I-Eclampsia ukuquleka okubangelwa umfutho wegazi ophezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Izinkinga ze-electrolyte, ikakhulukazi i-hyponatremia, ukuntuleka kwe-calcium noma i-magnesium.
• Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo noma okukhanyayo.
• Izifo zofuzo (izifo ezizuzwe kubazali ngesikhathi sokuzalwa).
• Izinguquko zama-hormone (isibonelo, isifo sokuwa esibizwa ngokuthi i-catamenial epilepsy, esithinta abantu abanemijikelezo yokuya esikhathini, singabangela ukuquleka okwengeziwe ngezikhathi ezithile zomjikelezo).
• Ukutheleleka (ikakhulukazi ukutheleleka okubangelwa amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, ama-parasites, noma isikhunta, njenge-encephalitis noma i-meningitis).
• Ukuvuvukala okubangelwa yizifo zesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba (lapho isimiso sakho sokuzivikela somzimba sihlasela ubuchopho bakho).
• Izinkinga ze-metabolic, ikakhulukazi ushukela ophezulu egazini (i-Hyperglycemia) noma ushukela ophansi egazini (i-Hypoglycemia).
• Izinkinga ngesakhiwo sobuchopho (ikakhulukazi lezo ezikhona ngesikhathi sokuzalwa).
• I-Sepsis (ushevu wegazi).
• Ubuthi kanye nobuthi (njengobuthi be-carbon monoxide noma ubuthi bensimbi esindayo).

Itholakala kanjani i-Status Epilepticus?

Udokotela angenza ukuxilongwa kokuqala kwesimo se-epilepticus (SE) ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zomuntu zokuwa, ukuthi ukuwa kwathatha isikhathi esingakanani, nokuthi ngabe bekukhona isikhathi esanele sokululama phakathi kokuwa okungaphezu kokukodwa. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile futhi ukuthola ukuthi kungani umuntu abe nokuwa okwaholela ku-status epilepticus (SE). Lokhu kuvame ukuhilela izindlela eziningana.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuze kutholakale lesi simo?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-electroencephalogram (EEG) kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola noma yikuphi ukuquleka, okuhlanganisa nesimo se-epilepticus (SE). Kulokhu kuhlolwa, izinzwa ezimbozwe ngejeli enamathelayo, ehambisa ugesi zifakwa ekhanda lakho. Le jeli isiza izinzwa ukuthi zithole umsebenzi kagesi ebuchosheni bakho.

Odokotela bangaxilonga ukuquleka ngokubheka amaphethini okusebenza kobuchopho bakho. Uma othile equleka okuqhubekayo, noma uma equleka kaningana ngokulandelana, udokotela angase axilonge isimo se-epilepticus (SE). I-EEG ibaluleke kakhulu kumuntu one-epilepticus (SE) engaquleki.

Kodwa-ke, udokotela udinga futhi ukunquma ukuthi ukuquleka komuntu "kuvuselelwe" noma "akuvuselelwanga." Lokhu kudinga ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene. Isibonelo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kungabona izinto eziningi, njengokungalingani kwe-metabolic kanye ne-chemistry yegazi, izinkinga zesistimu yomzimba, ubuthi, kanye nobuthi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-CT scan (Computerized Tomography - CT scan).
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI).
• Ukubhoboza umgogodla/umgogodla.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome ezinye izivivinyo. Lokhu kungancika ezintweni eziningi, njengokuthi ngabe unamanxeba, umlando wakho wezokwelapha, uhlobo lokuquleka onalo, nokuningi. Udokotela wakho (noma umuntu omkhethayo ukuthi akwenzele izinqumo zezokwelapha) uzokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezikulungele, nokuthi kungani.

Ilashwa kanjani? Ingabe ingelapheka?

I-Status epilepticus (SE) iphathwa ngenhlanganisela yezindlela eziningana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-status epilepticus (SE) ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu noma ezisongela impilo ezithinta umzimba wonke. Lezi zindlela zifaka:

• Imithi.
• Ukufakwa kwepayipi.
• Ukwelapha izimbangela eziyisisekelo (uma zikhona).
• Ukwelashwa okungeziwe.

Uma isimo se-epilepticus (SE) singasabeli ekwelashweni, sibizwa ngokuthi i-refractory SE. Kodwa-ke, kusenezindlela zokwelapha.

Imithi

Imithi ibalulekile ekumiseni umsebenzi wokuxhuzula ebuchosheni bakho. Imithi ingase yelaphe nezinye izinkinga, njengezinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo, ezingabangelwa yi-status epilepticus (SE).

Imithi evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yokuqeda ukuquleka yile:

• Ama-Benzodiazepines (ama-Benzos): Le mithi isebenza ngokuvimbela umsebenzi kagesi wama-neurons akho nokuvimbela ukuxhuzula. Ngokuvamile inikezwa ngomjovo ngqo emzimbeni wakho, noma ngomugqa we-intravenous (IV). Iza ngesimo se-spray yamakhala noma ijeli. Inganikezwa ngomlomo noma nge-rectally (ama-gel amuncwa kalula yizicubu zomlomo kanye ne-rectum). Iningi lalawa yimithi yokuqala. Kodwa eminye igcinelwe ukusetshenziswa lapho eminye imithi ingasebenzi.
• Imithi yokuvimbela ukuquleka: Ama-Benzodiazepines kuphela angamisa ukuquleka cishe ngo-50% wesikhathi. Kwezinye izimo ezingama-50%, ukuquleka kuqala futhi lapho umuthi wokuqala uphela. Ngakho-ke, le mithi ingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuquleka ukuthi kungaphinduki isikhathi eside. Imithi yokuvimbela ukuquleka iphinde ishintshe indlela ubuchopho bakho obusebenza ngayo, inciphise umsebenzi kagesi ebuchosheni bakho. Le mithi inikezwa njenge-IV.
• Ukubulala izinzwa okuvamile: Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, odokotela basebenzisa ukubulala izinzwa ukufaka umuntu ekhomeni elibangelwa ukwelashwa. Lokhu kuvikela ubuchopho nomzimba womuntu ekulimaleni okuqhubekayo okubangelwa yi-status epilepticus (SE).

Ukufakwa kwepayipi

Ukufakwa kwepayipi lomoya (intubation) ukufakwa kwepayipi lomoya epayipini lomoya lomuntu (i-bronchi ). Leli payipi liqinisekisa ukuthi ipayipi lomoya lomuntu lihlala livulekile. Liphinde livumele abasebenzi bezokwelapha ukuthi bakuphefumulele besebenzisa izikhwama zokuvuselela ezisetshenziswa ngesandla noma umshini wokuphefumula.

Ukwelapha izimbangela eziyisisekelo

Uma umuntu enesifo sokuwa esibangelwe yisifo, ukwelapha imbangela eyinhloko ngezinye izikhathi kwanele ukuvimba lesi sifo. Isibonelo, isifo sokuwa esibangelwa imithi, ubuthi, ukuyeka utshwala noma izidakamizwa, noma izinkinga ze-metabolic ezifana namazinga aphezulu noma aphansi e-sodium noma e-potassium.

Ukwelashwa okuvimbela ukuquleka

Enye indlela ukuvimbela ukuxhuzula ukuthi kungenzeki, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjelwe isimo se-epilepticus (SE) ukuthi singaphinde sivele. Ezinye zezindlela ezivame kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ukuvimbela ukuxhuzula (noma okungenani ukunciphisa ubukhali noma ukuvama kwazo) yilezi:

• Imithi.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwesifo sokuwa.
• Izinguquko ekudleni (ikakhulukazi "ukudla kwe-Ketogenic" okuphansi noma okungenawo ama-carbohydrate).
• Ukuvuselela uhlelo lwezinzwa (njengokuvuselela ubuchopho obujulile noma ukukhuthaza imizwa ye-vagus).

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha

Kuye ngesimo sakho kanye nezimo zakho, kungase kube nezinye izindlela zokwelapha kanye nezinqubo ezitholakalayo. Udokotela wakho (noma othile ogunyaziwe ukukwenzela izinqumo zezokwelapha) uzokwazi ukuncoma ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe futhi achaze ukuthi kungani.

Yiziphi izinkinga noma imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Izinkinga noma imiphumela emibi engase ivele ngenxa yokwelashwa kwe-status epilepticus (SE) incike ezintweni eziningi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.
• Izinkinga zempilo yengqondo (njengokucindezeleka kanye/noma ukukhathazeka).
• Ukuphathwa okukhethekile okutholile.
• Imbangela yokuxhuzula (uma odokotela bengayithola).
• Umlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nanoma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha ongase ube nazo.

Udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukuchaza izinkinga ezingaba khona kanye nemiphumela emibi, futhi angakunikeza namathiphu okuthi ungazivimbela noma uzinciphise kanjani uma kungenzeka.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani noma ngiphathe kanjani izimpawu?

I-Status epilepticus (SE) iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esisongela ukuphila. Abantu abanalesi simo abakwazi ukuzinakekela noma ukuvimba ukuquleka ngokuqondile. Okuwukuphela kwendlela ephephile yokuxilonga nokwelapha lesi simo ukuya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo - noma kwesinye isikhungo sezokwelapha eziphuthumayo - esinemishini nezinto ezidingekayo. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, lesi simo sihlala siyisizathu sokufonela u-1990 (Isevisi Yezokwelapha Eziphuthumayo) noma inombolo yakho yezimo eziphuthumayo yendawo bese ucela usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ngemva kokwelashwa?

Isikhathi sokululama kusuka ku-status epilepticus (SE) kanye nokwelashwa kwayo kuncike ezintweni eziningi. Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezinquma isikhathi sokululama yizo ezibangele isimo sakho se-epilepticus nokuthi sesihlale isikhathi esingakanani. Udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukukutshela ngesikhathi sokululama esimweni sakho.

Unganciphisa kanjani ingozi yesifo sokuwa?

Kunezimbangela eziningi zokuxhuzula, eziningi zazo ezingalindelekile. Ngakho-ke, ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ngokuphelele ukuxhuzula kanye ne-status epilepticus (SE). Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yakho yokuba ne-seizure. Ukwenza kanjalo kuzonciphisa amathuba okuxhuzula okuthuthuka kube yi-status epilepticus (SE). Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yokuba ne-seizure:

• Gcina imithi yokutakula iseduze: Kulabo abaziyo ukuthi banesifo sokuwa, ukuba nomuthi "wokuhlangula" esandleni kungenza umehluko omkhulu. Isibonelo, ama-benzodiazepines afika ngesifutho samakhala. Othile angakunika lokhu ukuvimba ukuwa. Esinye isibonelo iphilisi elincibilika emlonyeni. Ungalithatha phakathi kokuwa ukuze umise uchungechunge lokuwa. Uma omunye umuntu enesifo sokuwa, mnike iphilisi elinikezwe udokotela ngemva kokuba ukuwa sekuphelile.
• Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo futhi ugcine isisindo esinempilo: Izifo eziningi ezihlobene nempilo yakho yokujikeleza kwegazi kanye nempilo yenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi isifo sohlangothi, zingalimaza izingxenye zobuchopho bakho. Lokhu kuyimbangela enkulu yokuxhuzula kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60. Ukuphatha ukudla kwakho kungasiza futhi ekuvimbeleni ukuxhuzula okubangelwa izinkinga ze-electrolyte (isibonelo, i-sodium eningi kakhulu noma encane kakhulu). Abanye abantu bangadinga ukudla okunama-carbohydrate aphansi noma okungenawo ama-carbohydrate ukuze bavimbele ukuxhuzula. Udokotela angakuqondisa futhi akusize ngalezi zindlela zokudla.
• Ukwelapha izifo: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwelapha izifo zamehlo nezendlebe. Ukutheleleka kungasakazekela ebuchosheni noma kubangele umkhuhlane omkhulu. Zombili lezi zinto zingaholela ekuqulekeni.
• Gqoka izimpahla zokuphepha: Ukulimala ekhanda kuyimbangela enkulu yokuxhuzula. Ukugqoka izimpahla zokuphepha, njengezigqoko zokuzivikela namabhande esihlalo, noma nini lapho kudingeka, kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukulimala okungaholela ekuxhuzuleni.
• Gwema ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala, imithi, kanye nezidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa: Ukusebenzisa kabi lokhu kungabangela ukuxhuzula. Futhi, uma uluthekile kulezi zinto, usengaxhuzula uma uyeka ukuzisebenzisa.
• Lawula izimo zakho zempilo: Ukulawula izimo ezingamahlalakhona kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuxhuzula, ikakhulukazi lezo ezibangelwa amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini, njengesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kanye nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Uma unesifo sokuxhuzula, ukuthatha imithi yokulwa nokuxhuzula nakho kuyingxenye yokuphathwa kwesifo sakho.

Yini engingayilindela uma ngiba nesimo sokuwa?

Uma une-status epilepticus `(SE)`, ulahlekelwa ingqondo ngoba i-seizure iphazamisa ukusebenza kobuchopho bakho. Ngesikhathi sokuxhuzula, ubuchopho bakho buyaphazamiseka, okwenza ungakwazi ukuqonda okwenzekayo noma ukwenza noma yini ngamabomu. Imiphumela eqondile emzimbeni wakho incike ohlotsheni lwe-seizure olubangele i-status epilepticus `(SE)`. Abantu abane-status epilepticus `(SE)` bangazilimaza nangokuwa noma ukushayisana nezinto eziseduze.

Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani i-status epilepticus?

I-Status epilepticus (SE) ihlala okungenani imizuzu emihlanu. Uma ukuxhuzula kuthatha isikhathi eside, kulapho amathuba okuthi kuphele khona ngokwako. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-status epilepticus (SE) cishe izohlala kuze kube yilapho ukufa kwenzeka ngenxa yemiphumela yalesi simo.

Iyini ikusasa lalesi simo?

I-Status epilepticus (SE) iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha ngoba ngokuvamile siyabulala uma singelashwa. Kodwa-ke, izinketho zokwelapha zithuthuke kakhulu. Namuhla, i-status epilepticus (SE) iyodwa ibulala kuphela ku-0.5% kuya ku-2% wamacala.

Ngokuvamile, izingane ezincane nezinsana ezithola isimo se-epilepticus (SE) ngenxa yokuquleka okubangelwa umkhuhlane zinombono omuhle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka ngesifo esibucayi njengesifo sohlangothi, ingozi yokufa (kungaba ngenxa yesimo se-epilepticus (SE) noma kwezinye izifo) iyanda. Yingakho izinga lokusinda kwesimo se-epilepticus (SE) liphansi kubantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani? (Ukuvimbela ukuxhuzula)

Uma unomlando wesimo se-epilepticus (SE), ukuvimbela ukuxhuzula kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukuze uzinakekele. Izinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ongazithatha ukuvimbela ukuxhuzula yilezi:

• Gcina imithi yokuhlenga nawe: Uma unemithi yokuphuthumayo oyinikezwe udokotela wakho, yigcine nawe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ungaphumi ekhaya ungayiphethe. Gcina ikhadi elinomumo wakho wempilo kanye nanoma yimiphi imithi oyidingayo noma ukungezwani komzimba, noma ucabangele ukugqoka isongo lolwazi lwezokwelapha. Lokhu kungaba usizo ekusizeni usizo lokuqala uma kwenzeka udinga usizo lwezokwelapha futhi kungekho muntu owaziyo ukuthi isimo sakho siseduze.
• Thatha imithi yakho njengoba kuyalelwe: Ukuthatha imithi yakho yokulwa nesifo sokuwa kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuvama kanye nobukhali bokuwa kwakho. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuvimbela isimo sesifo sokuwa (SE). Ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono noma ungakaze ube nesifo sokuwa isikhathi eside, akufanele uyeke ukuthatha imithi yakho. Kufanele uyeke ukuyithatha kuphela ngeseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
• Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinketho: Uma ufuna ukunciphisa imithi yakho noma ukushintshela komunye umuthi, udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi kungenzeka yini nokuthi yiziphi izinketho zakho. Uma kungenzeka ukuyeka noma ukushintsha, udokotela wakho angakusiza ukukwenza ngokuphephile.
• Bona udokotela wakho njalo: Udokotela wakho uzohlela isimiso ozosibona. Lokhu kuhlangana kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphatheni isimo sakho nokuthola imithi noma ukwelashwa okufanele.
• Ungazinaki izimpawu: Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi uqaphele izimpawu noma izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezingase zenzeke ngaphambi kokuquleka. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezimpawu zakho ezihlobene nokuquleka noma ukusebenza kahle kwemithi yakho, kufanele utshele udokotela wakho.
• Gwema izinto ezibangela ukuxhuzula: Uma unezimo ezandisa ingozi yakho yokuba nokuxhuzula, njengokukhanya okukhanyayo noma ukungalali kahle, gwema lezo zinto noma nini lapho kungenzeka.

Kufanele ngiye nini eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) ?

I-Status epilepticus `(SE)` iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Uma une-status epilepticus `(SE)`, awukwazi ukushayela ucingo ku-911 (Emergency Medical Service) ngokwakho, ngakho-ke ukuba nomunye umuntu akwenze kungenza umehluko omkhulu. Uma unomlando we-status epilepticus `(SE)` futhi usengozini yokuba nayo futhi, kungaba usizo ukukhuluma nomndeni wakho, abathandekayo, osebenza nabo, kanye nabangani. Ukubazisa ukuthi bangalufuna nini usizo kungasindisa impilo yakho noma impilo yomunye umuntu.

Uma othile onayo enesifo sokuwa esihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu emihlanu, noma uma eke waba nesifo sokuwa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa futhi engakalulami, shayela u-1990 (Emergency Medical Service) noma inombolo yakho yezimo eziphuthumayo yasendaweni ngokushesha. Uma umuntu esheshe athole ukwelashwa kwesifo sokuwa (SE), amathuba okuba nomphumela omuhle ayanda.

Ngenzenjani uma othile enginaye enesifo sokuwa?

Uma othile onayo enesifo sokuwa, kunezinto ezimbalwa ongazenza njengengxenye yosizo lokuqala lokuwa. Uma isifo sokuwa sithatha imizuzu engaphezu kwemihlanu, noma uma umuntu eba nesinye isifo sokuwa ngaphambi kokuba alulame ngokugcwele, shayela u-1990 (Emergency) noma inombolo yakho yesimo esiphuthumayo yendawo ngokushesha.

Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzenze nokungafanele uzenze uma othile enesifo sokuwa:

Izinto okufanele zenziwe:

• Hlola ukuthi uyakwazi yini ukuphefumula: Khulula izingubo ezisentanyeni yakhe bese uqinisekisa ukuthi uyaphefumula.
• Gcina izinto eziyingozi kude naye: Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinto ezingaphuka noma ziwe futhi zilimaze. Uma egqoke izibuko, zisuse ngokucophelela bese uzibeka eduze.
• Mguqulele 'esikhundleni sokuhlenga':Phendula umuntu alale ohlangothini lwakhe. Lokhu kusiza ekuvikeleni indlela yakhe yokuphefumula futhi kumvimbele ekuphefumuleni uketshezi olufana namathe noma ukuhlanza. Zama ukugcina ikhanda lakhe lihambisana nomgogodla wakhe (ngengalo yakhe evulekile, umcamelo, noma enye into ngaphansi kwekhanda lakhe), ngaphandle kwalokho i-engeli yentamo yakhe ingavimba indlela yakhe yokuphefumula futhi kwenze kube nzima ukuphefumula.
• Beka isikhathi sokuquleka eduze ngangokunokwenzeka: Ukutshela udokotela ukuthi ukuquleka kuthathe isikhathi esingakanani kungaba ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu. Kungasiza futhi ekunqumeni ukuthi ngabe kudingeka yini usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha.
• Hlala nabo njengoba belulama ekuqulekeni: Abantu abake baba nokuquleka bavame ukudideka nokwesaba njengoba belulama ekuqulekeni kwabo. Basize ukubaduduza nokubaqinisekisa.
• Hlola ukuthi umuntu uphilile yini ngemva kokuthola ingqondo: Uma enenkinga yokulimala ngemva kokuxhuzula, bheka ukuthi udinga usizo lwezokwelapha yini. Uma umuntu eshayeke ekhanda, noma uma kunengozi yokulimala ekhanda, entanyeni, noma emhlane, into ephephile ongayenza ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha futhi uqiniseke ukuthi akukho ukulimala okukhulu ongakwazi ukukubona.
• Funa usizo uma umuntu engalulami zingakapheli imizuzu eyi-10-15: Uma umuntu engalulami imizuzu engaphezu kweyi-10-15 ngemva kokuba ukuxhuzula sekuphelile, noma uma engasabeli, kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo. Lokhu kungaba uphawu lokuthi ukuxhuzula kuyaqhubeka, noma umzimba unganyakazi.

Izinto okungafanele zenziwe:

• Ungesabi: Hlala uzolile. Uma abanye abaseduze kwakho besaba, khuluma nabo ngokuthula ngangokunokwenzeka bese uzama ukubaduduza ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Ungamgodli umuntu onesifo sokuwa: ungamlimaza lowo muntu noma wena ngokwakho.
• Ungafaki lutho emlonyeni womuntu onesifo sokuwa: Kunezinganekwane eziningi mayelana nesifo sokuwa kanye nesifo sokuwa. Inganekwane eyodwa ukuthi ukufaka into efana nebhande noma isipuni emlonyeni womuntu kuzomvimba ukuthi angagwinyi noma alume ulimi lwakhe. Ungakwenzi lokhu. Akufanele neze ufake lutho emlonyeni womuntu onesifo sokuwa. Ungamlimaza yena noma wena.

Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ngizizwa sengathi nginesifo sokuwa?

Abantu abaningi banezimpawu eziyisixwayiso lapho sebezoba nokuxhuzula. Uma ucabanga ukuthi unesifo sokuxhuzula, ungenza lezi zinto ukuze uzilungiselele futhi uzivikele:

• Zenze uphephe ngangokunokwenzeka: Hlala phansi noma ulale phansi ukuze ungawi futhi uzilimaze. Uma wenza into efana nokushayela imoto, ukusebenzisa imishini esindayo, noma ukusebenzisa izikhali, kufanele uyeke futhi.
• Shayela umuntu omethembayo ucele usizo: mtshele ukuthi ukuphi nokuthi angakuthola kanjani.
• Uma ungakwazi ukukhuluma nomuntu omaziyo, tshela umuntu oseduze nawe: Thola umuntu osesikhundleni somthwalo wemfanelo noma onegunya bese umtshela ukuthi ucabanga ukuthi unesifo sokuwa. Isibonelo, ungatshela iphoyisa, unogada, uthisha, noma isisebenzi sesitolo.

Isifinyezo kanye nomyalezo wokuthatha uye ekhaya

I-Status Epilepticus (SE) iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esisongela ukuphila esenzeka lapho ukuxhuzula kuthatha imizuzu engaphezu kwemihlanu, noma lapho kungekho isikhathi esanele sokululama ngokugcwele ekuxhuzuleni. Ukuba sengozini yokuxhuzula kanye ne-status epilepticus (SE), noma ukubona othandekayo exhuzula isikhathi eside, kungaba umthombo wokukhathazeka nokwesaba.

Kodwa-ke, ngokwelashwa okusheshayo, abantu abaningi bayasinda futhi balulame kulesi simo. Ngokuqhubeka nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, imithi, kanye nokunye ukwelashwa, abantu abaningi abanomlando wesimo se-epilepticus (SE) bangalulama futhi babuyele ekuphileni izimpilo zabo.

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Khumbula, uma umuntu enesifo sokuwa esithatha imizuzu engaphezu kwemi-5 noma engabuyi engqondweni phakathi nokuhlaselwa yisifo sokuwa, shayela u-911 noma isevisi yezokwelapha ephuthumayo ngokushesha!

Ukuquleka , isimo sokuwa, isifo sokuwa, ubuchopho, ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo, izimpawu, usizo lokuqala