Akuyona yini into emangalisayo ukuthamela ilanga? Ukufudumala okuzwayo, ubusha obutholayo... Isikhathi esiningi, siyaphuma elangeni ukuze sithole umbala omuhle nokhanyayo. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi silithanda kangakanani ilanga, ilanga alilihle kakhulu esikhumbeni sethu. Leli langa libangela iningi lemibimbi ebusweni bakho kanye namabala ahambisana nokuguga. Cabanga ngalokhu: kunabesifazane ababili abaneminyaka engu-40 ubudala. Omunye wabo uhlala evikela isikhumba sakhe elangeni. Omunye akazange acabange kakhulu ngakho. Isikhumba salowo ovikela isikhumba sakhe elangeni singabukeka njengesomuntu oneminyaka engu-30 ubudala. Yileyo ndlela ukukhanya kwelanga okuguga ngayo isikhumba sethu.
Sivame ukucabanga ngesikhumba esikhanyayo nesikhanyayo njengophawu lwempilo. Kodwa ukushiswa kwesikhumba, kungaba selangeni noma kusetshenziswa i-tanning booth, empeleni kusheshisa inqubo yokuguga futhi kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhanya kwe-UV konakalisa imicu ye-elastin esikhumbeni sethu. Lapho le micu iphuka, isikhumba siqala ukugoba nokwelula. Kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthi amanxeba esikhumba aphole. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe umonakalo ovela elangeni ungabonakali usemusha, uzobona imiphumela yawo njengoba ukhula.
Yini ngempela eyenzeka esikhumbeni sakho ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga?
Ukuchayeka elangeni ngokweqile kungabangela izinhlobo ezahlukene zomonakalo esikhumbeni. Kalula nje, kungabangela:
| Izimo ezibangelwa ukukhanya kwelanga | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Izimo zangaphambi komdlavuza kanye nezimo zomdlavuza | Ukwehla kokuzivikela komzimba esikhumbeni kungaholela ekukhuleni kwezifo ezinomdlavuza (i-Actinic Keratosis) kanye nomdlavuza wesikhumba (i-Basal Cell Carcinoma, i-Squamous Cell Carcinoma, i-Melanoma) . |
| Izimila ezingembi | Amaqhubu amancane, angenangozi noma amaqhubu avela esikhumbeni. |
| Imibimbi | Imibimbi emincane nejulile esikhumbeni. |
| Ama-Freckle | Amabala amancane ansundu ebusweni nasezingalweni. |
| Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba (Ukushintsha kombala okunamabala) | Ukufiphala noma ukufiphala kwesikhumba ezindaweni ezithile. |
| Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba (Ubumpofu) | Isikhumba silahlekelwa umbala waso onempilo bese siba phuzi. |
| Ukubonakala kwemithambo yegazi emincane ebusweni (i-Telangiectasias) | Imithambo yegazi emincane ebomvu iqala ukuvela ebusweni besikhumba. |
| Isikhumba esiwohlokayo (i-Elastosis) | Isikhumba esiwohlokayo senzeka ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwemicu ye-elastin ne -collagen , okuyiyona ebangela ukuqina kwesikhumba. |
Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wesikhumba?
Umdlavuza wesikhumba uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu emhlabeni. Kalula nje, umdlavuza wesikhumba ukukhula okungajwayelekile, okungalawulwa kwamangqamuzana esikhumba. Lokhu kukhula kwamangqamuzana kuphumela ezimila. Ezinye zalezi zingaba yingozi (ezingenawo umdlavuza) kanti ezinye zingaba yingozi (ezinomdlavuza).
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wesikhumba:
1. I-Basal Cell Carcinoma
2. I-Squamous cell carcinoma
3. I -Melanoma
Kulezi, izinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala (i-basal cell kanye ne-squamous cell) yizona ezivame kakhulu. Lezi zaziwa nangokuthi umdlavuza ongeyona i-melanoma . Azimbi kangako futhi zingelapheka ngokuphelele uma zitholakala kusenesikhathi.
Kodwa-ke, uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi i-Melanoma luyingozi kakhulu. Ama-Melanocyte , anika isikhumba umbala waso,Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luvela kumaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-s) futhi lubangela u-75% wabantu ababulawa umdlavuza wesikhumba. Uma lungelashwa, lungasakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Imbangela eyinhloko yomdlavuza wesikhumba imisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV) evela elangeni. Kunjalo nangemisebe ye-UV evela emibhedeni yokushiswa kwesikhumba. Imisebe ye-UV isafinyelela emhlabeni ngisho nangezinsuku zemvula noma ezinamafu, ngakho-ke kuyingozi ukuphuma ngaphandle kwesivikelo, ucabanga ukuthi ilanga alinamandla.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba?
Nakuba noma ubani angaba nomdlavuza wesikhumba, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
- Kulabo abanesikhumba esikhanyayo abashiswa kalula yilanga.
- Kulabo abanezibazi eziningi esikhumbeni sabo.
- Kulabo abanamehlo akhanyayo .
- Kulabo abanezinwele ezimhloshana noma ezibomvu .
- Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho eseke waba nomdlavuza wesikhumba ngaphambili.
- Kulabo abavame ukusebenza ngaphandle (njengabalimi, abasebenzi bezokwakha).
- Kulabo abahlala ezindaweni ezithola ilanga elanele .
- Ukushiswa yilanga okukhulu ebuntwaneni kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-melanoma.
- Uma unezimpawu zokuzalwa ezingaphezu kuka-30 ezinkulu nezinomumo ongavamile emzimbeni wakho.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama njengathi nabo bangaba nomdlavuza wesikhumba . Nakuba ingozi iphansi, kusadingeka sikhathazeke ngalokhu.
Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wesikhumba? Uzibona kanjani?
Isibonakaliso esivame kakhulu sesixwayiso somdlavuza wesikhumba ukushintsha kwesikhumba. Lokhu kungaba yimvukuzane entsha, ibala, noma iqhubu, noma ushintsho kumvukuzane okhona.
- I-Basal Cell Carcinoma: Ingaqala njengeqhubu elincane, elibushelelezi, elicwebezelayo ebusweni, ezindlebeni, noma entanyeni.
- I-Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Ingabonakala njengeqhubu elibomvu, eliqinile noma njengendawo ebuhlungu, enamaxolo, nephuma igazi.
- I-Melanoma: Ngokuvamile ibonakala njengebala elinsundu/elimnyama noma iqhubu, kodwa ingaba bomvu noma imhlophe. Nakuba ibukeka njengophawu lokuzalwa olujwayelekile, ayijwayelekile ngesimo sayo.
Kunomthetho obaluleke kakhulu obizwa ngokuthi umthetho we-ABCDE wokuthola i-melanoma. Khumbula lokhu lapho uhlola isikhumba sakho ukuze uthole ama-moles.
| Umthetho we-ABCDE | Okufanele ukunake |
|---|---|
| Ukulingana | Uhlangothi olulodwa lophawu lokuzalwa alufani nolunye. Uma uluhlukanisa phakathi, izinhlangothi ezimbili azifani. |
| I-oda le -B (umphetho) | Unqenqema luba lufiphele, lube lubi, futhi lufiphele. |
| Umbala | Ukuba khona kwemibala eminingana kuphawu lokuzalwa olufanayo, njengonsundu, omnyama, obomvu, omhlophe, noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. |
| Ububanzi | Inkulu kuno-6 mm ububanzi (usayizi we-eraser yepensela). Futhi, uma uphawu lokuzalwa lwanoma yiluphi usayizi luba lukhulu, bona udokotela ngokushesha. |
| Ukuvela | Noma yiliphi ibala elisha noma ushintsho lombala, ukuma, noma usayizi wendawo ekhona, ukulunywa, noma ukuphuma kwegazi. |
Wenzani uma ubona ushintsho olunje?
Ungesabi nhlobo. Kodwa ungalibali futhi. Bonisa udokotela womndeni wakho noma udokotela wesikhumba ngokushesha. Uzokuhlola futhi akunike iseluleko esidingekayo.
Umdlavuza wesikhumba uhlolwa futhi welashwa kanjani?
Uma udokotela ebona indawo esolisayo esikhumbeni sakho, ngokuvamile uzothatha ingxenye encane yesikhumba (i-biopsy) ukuze ayihlole . Lokhu kulula kakhulu. Bazofaka umuthi oqeda izinhlungu endaweni, bathathe ingxenye encane yesikhumba bese beyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kuzobasiza ukuthi babone ukuthi inomdlavuza noma cha, nokuthi iluhlobo luni.
Izindlela zokwelapha zinqunywa uhlobo, ubukhulu, indawo yomdlavuza, kanye nezifiso zesiguli.
- Ngomdlavuza ongeyona i-melanoma: Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukususwa komdlavuza wesikhumba ngokuhlinzwa kanye nenani elincane lezicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile, ukuklwebha amangqamuzana omdlavuza bese uwashisa ngogesi, kusetshenziswa ukubanda okukhulu ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana (i-cryosurgery), noma i-chemotherapy yangaphandle.
- Nge-melanoma: Umdlavuza uvame ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa okukhulu. Ukuhlolwa kungenziwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke yini kuma-lymph node. Uma umdlavuza ususakazeke, ukwelashwa ngemithi efana ne-chemotherapy kungadingeka.
Udokotela wakho uzochaza konke lokhu kuwe futhi akusize ukhethe ukwelashwa okukulungele.
Yini esingayenza ukuze sizivikele emdlavuza wesikhumba?
Nakuba umonakalo welanga ungenakuqedwa ngokuphelele, ukuvikelwa kwesikhumba okuvamile kungasiza ekubuyiseleni omunye umonakalo. Ngakho-ke, akukaze kube sekwephuzile ukuqala ukuvikela isikhumba sakho.
- Isikrini sokuvikela ilanga siyadingeka: Faka inani elikhulu le-sunscreen nge-SPF engama-30 noma ngaphezulu imizuzu engama-20 ngaphambi kokuya ngaphandle. Phinda ufake njalo emahoreni amabili uma ujuluka noma ubhukuda.
- Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela: izingubo ezinemikhono emide, izigqoko ezinemiphetho ebanzi, kanye nezibuko zelanga ezivikelwe yi-UV.
- Gwema ilanga elinamandla: Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, gwema ukuchayeka ngqo elangeni elinamandla phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-2 ntambama.
- Zihlolele isikhumba sakho: Okungenani kanye ngenyanga, hamba phambi kwesibuko uhlole umzimba wakho wonke. Bheka amabala amasha, amaqhubu, noma izinguquko emabala amadala.
- Vikela izingane zakho: U-80% wokuchayeka elangeni impilo yonke yomuntu kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba abe neminyaka engu-18. Ngakho-ke njengabazali, fundisani izingane zenu ukuthi zingazivikela kanjani elangeni kusukela zisencane. Yibani isibonelo esihle.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet (UV) evela elangeni iyimbangela eyinhloko yomdlavuza wesikhumba. Le misebe ifika emhlabeni ngisho nasezinsukwini ezinamafu.
- Hlola isikhumba sakho njalo, ikakhulukazi ngokukhumbula umthetho we-ABCDE nokunaka izinguquko kuma-moles.
- Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezisolisayo esikhumbeni sakho, indawo entsha noma iqhubu, ungesabi noma ulibale, kodwa bona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Zenze umkhuba ukusebenzisa i-SPF 30+ sunscreen, ugqoke izigqoko, kanye nezingubo zokuzivikela njalo uma uphuma ngaphandle.
- Uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi, iningi lomdlavuza wesikhumba lingelapheka ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke ukuqaphela nokuvikela kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu.
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