Uyazazi yini izikhukhula ezisakazeka kulezi zinsuku? Ake sixoxe nge-Swine Flu (H1N1)!

Ungase ukhumbule umkhuhlane owabangela ukwesaba okukhulu emhlabeni wonke eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Lowo kwakuyi-swine flu, noma i-flu ebizwa ngokuthi `(H1N1)`. Abantu abaningi babeyesaba, futhi beyihlushwa yiyo. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sifunde kabanzi ngalo mkhuhlane wezingulube `(H1N1)`, ngoba usekhona phakathi kwethu, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izinto ezinjengalezi.

Iyini le gciwane lengulube (i-Swine Flu - H1N1)?

Kalula nje, i-swine flu (H1N1) iyisifo esithinta uhlelo lwethu lokuphefumula, okungukuthi, uhlelo esiluphefumulayo (amaphaphu, i-trachea, njll.) olubangelwa igciwane eliseqenjini legciwane lomkhuhlane. Kunesizathu esikhethekile sokuthi kungani libizwa ngokuthi 'i-swine flu'. Okusho ukuthi, leli gciwane lifana kakhulu negciwane lomkhuhlane elithinta izingulube (ingulube ngesiNgisi isho izingulube). Leli gciwane libangela nesifo sokuphefumula ezingulubeni. Ngakho-ke uma lithinta abantu, silibiza ngokuthi i-swine flu (H1N1). Kodwa-ke, lisakazeka phakathi kwabantu njengezinye izinhlobo zomkhuhlane ezivamile.

Ingabe i-swine flu (H1N1) kanye ne-Spanish flu ziyafana?

Cha, akufani ncamashi, kodwa kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwalokhu okubili. Kungenzeka ukuthi wake wezwa ngomkhuhlane waseSpain, owawuwubhubhane lomhlaba wonke ngo-1918. Wabangelwa futhi uhlobo lwegciwane olubizwa ngokuthi (H1N1). Cabanga, ngaleso sikhathi, abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-500 emhlabeni wonke batheleleka ngalo, futhi ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-50 bafa. Empeleni kwakuyibhubhane elibi kakhulu emlandweni oqoshiwe. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ezahlukene zomndeni wegciwane (H1N1) zingavela ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ubhubhane lwe-swine flu (H1N1) lwango-2009 lwaqala kanjani?

Ngo-Ephreli 2009, abacwaningi bathola uhlobo olusha lwegciwane lomkhuhlane, igciwane i-(H1N1). Laqala ukutholakala e-United States. Labe selisakazeka ngokushesha kulo lonke elase-United States labe selisakazeka emhlabeni wonke. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu kusabalala okusheshayo kwakuwukuthi kwakuwuhlobo olusha lwegciwane lomkhuhlane elalingakaze litholakale kubantu ngaphambilini.

Ngakho-ke, intsha eningi yayingenawo amasosha omzimba ngokwemvelo kuleli gciwane elisha. Kodwa ngokumangazayo, abantu abadala babonakala benokumelana okuthile. Mhlawumbe lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi babekade bevezwe uhlobo oludala, olufana nolwe-`(H1N1)`. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kwabanikeza isivikelo esithile.

Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo olusha seluthelele izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization, okungenani abantu abayi-150,000 bashonile ngenxa yalo. Into edabukisayo kakhulu ukuthi u-80% walabo abashonile babengabantu abasebasha, abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-65.

Ngakho-ke ubhubhane lwe-swine flu (H1N1) lwaphela nini?

I-World Health Organization (WHO) yamemezela ngokusemthethweni ukuphela kobhubhane lwe-(H1N1) ngo-Agasti 2010. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi igciwane le-(H1N1) seliqedwe ngokuphelele emhlabeni. Okubaluleke kakhulu, abantu basengaba negciwane le-(H1N1) futhi balisakaze kwabanye.`(H1N1)` ingenye nje yamagciwane abangela umkhuhlane wezinkathi ovame ukuvela ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka. Lokho kusho ukuthi, njengezinye izinhlobo zomkhuhlane, ungenza abantu bagule, bangeniswe esibhedlela, futhi kwezinye izimo ezingezinhle, baze bafe.

Yini ebangela umkhuhlane wezingulube (H1N1)? Udluliselwa kanjani?

I-Swine flu (H1N1) ibangelwa yigciwane. Isakazeka kalula kakhulu kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye. Ikakhulukazi, lapho umuntu onomkhuhlane ekhwehlela noma ethimula, amaconsi amancane emlonyeni nasekhaleni lakhe akhishwa emoyeni. Uma uphefumula umoya oqukethe igciwane, unamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi sifo.

Enye indlela iwukuthinta indawo enegciwane kuyo, njengesibambo somnyango, itafula, noma isihlalo sebhasi, bese uthinta umlomo wakho, impumulo, noma amehlo ngaleso sandla esingcolile. Yingakho kubalulekile ukugeza izandla zakho njalo.

Umbono ovamile phakathi kwabantu abaningi ukuthi ukudla ingulube ngeke kubangele `(H1N1)`. Lokhu ukutheleleka kokuphefumula, hhayi ukutheleleka okubangelwa ukudla.

Ziyini izimpawu zomkhuhlane wezingulube (H1N1)?

Izimpawu zomkhuhlane wezingulube (H1N1) zifana kakhulu nezemkhuhlane ojwayelekile. Izimpawu zingaqala ukuvela ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu ngemva kokuba igciwane lingene emzimbeni. Abanye abantu bangase babonise izimpawu kusenesikhathi sosuku noma ezimbili. Nazi ezinye zezimpawu:

• Umkhuhlane (ungavela ngokuzumayo ngomkhuhlane ophezulu)
• Ukuzizwa ubanda futhi uthuthumela (njengokuba nomkhuhlane)
• Ukukhwehlela (ngokuvamile ukukhwehlela okomile)
• Umphimbo obuhlungu/umphimbo obuhlungu
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba, ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukukhathala okukhulu, ukukhathala, kanye nobuthakathaka
• Abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezifana nokuhlanza kanye nohudo.

Kodwa-ke, ezinganeni ezincane nasezinganeni, lezi zimpawu zingase zihluke kancane, noma zingase zingakwazi ukuziveza kahle, ngakho-ke kudingeka siqaphele. Uma ingane yakho noma ingane yakho encane inezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo, ungazinaki bese ushayela udokotela ngokushesha:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuphefumula okusheshayo, uzizwa sengathi isifuba sakho siyangena uma uphefumula
• Ukozela njalo, ubunzima bokuvuka ebuthongweni
• Ukwenqaba ukuphuza uketshezi olufana namanzi nobisi, ukwenqaba ukudla
• Ukuqhuma okubangelwa umkhuhlane
• Ukudideka, ukuncipha kokuqonda, kanye nokungaphenduli

Ungayithola kanjani ngokunembile i-swine flu (H1N1)?

Uma unezimpawu zomkhuhlane, udokotela wakho angakuhlola futhi abuze ngezimpawu zakho ukuze abone ukuthi kungaba yini `(H1N1)`. Ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sobhubhane lomkhuhlane, udokotela wakho angase acele `ukuhlolwa komkhuhlane okusheshayo`. Lokhu `(ukuhlolwa komkhuhlane okusheshayo)` kuvame ukusho ukuthi une-influenza A noma B zingakapheli isigamu sehora. `(H1N1)` uhlobo lomkhuhlane A. Kodwa-ke, ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi `(H1N1)` noma olunye uhlobo lomkhuhlane A, kungadingeka wenze izivivinyo ezikhethekile kakhulu (njengokuhlolwa kwe-PCR), futhi imiphumela ingathatha izinsuku eziningana ukuthi ibuye.

Iphathwa kanjani i-swine flu (H1N1)?

Eqinisweni, noma ngabe uthola umkhuhlane wezingulube (H1N1), abantu abaningi abaphilile abangenazo ezinye izifo ezinkulu ezingamahlalakhona (njengesifo sikashukela noma isifo senhliziyo) abadingi imithi ekhethekile noma ukwelashwa. Amasosha omzimba azolwa nawo ngokwawo. Uma uthola umkhuhlane wezingulube, into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyenze ukuthi:

• Phumula ngokwanele. Uma uhlala embhedeni isikhathi eside, kungcono. Gwema imisebenzi enzima.
• Phuza uketshezi oluningi. Phuza amanzi, itiye lezitshalo, ujusi wewolintshi, i-cilantro, isobho, iphalishi, kanye nojusi wezithelo ezintsha njalo. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuvimbeleni ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
• Yidla ukudla okulula nokunomsoco. Ukudla okulula ukukugaya kanye namafutha aphansi kungcono kakhulu.
• Hlala ekhaya nakanjani. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyeka ukusabalala kwakho kwabanye. Okungenani kuze kube yilapho umkhuhlane wakho wehla futhi ezinye izimpawu zinciphile kakhulu.
• Thatha umuthi onjenge-paracetamol (acetaminophen - Tylenol®) njengoba kuyalelwe udokotela wakho ukunciphisa umkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba, kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu. Unganiki izingane ezincane imithi efana ne-aspirin ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela.

Kodwa-ke, uma ugula kakhulu, noma uma useqenjini elisengozini enkulu (isib. abesifazane abakhulelwe, izingane ezincane, asebekhulile, noma abantu abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona), udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi yokulwa namagciwane. Imithi yokulwa namagciwane, njenge-oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) noma i-zanamivir (Relenza®), ingasiza ekunciphiseni ubucayi besifo ngokuvimbela igciwane ukuthi lingaphindaphindeki emzimbeni wakho. Le mithi inganciphisa isikhathi osigulayo ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili futhi isize ekunciphiseni izimpawu. Le mithi yokulwa namagciwane isebenza kangcono uma uqala ukuyithatha zingakapheli amahora angu-48 okuqala ezimpawu zakho. Ngakho-ke uma uzizwa ugula, kungcono ukubona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ungawuvimbela kanjani umkhuhlane wezingulube (H1N1)?

Kunezinto ezilula kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu esingazenza ukuvimbela ukuthola umkhuhlane wezingulube (H1N1) nokuwusabalalisa kwabanye:

• Uma uthimula noma ukhwehlela, vala umlomo nekhala lakho ngethishu noma iduku. Lahla ngokucophelela ithishu esetshenzisiwe emgqonyeni kadoti. Uma ithishu ingekho, thimula/khwehlela ungene endololwaneni yakho. Lokhu kungcono kunokuvala umlomo wakho ngesandla sakho.
• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho njalo.Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi okungenani imizuzwana engama-20. Ungasebenzisa futhi isihlanzi sezandla esinotshwala uma insipho namanzi kungekho.
• Gwema ukuthinta amehlo akho, impumulo, nomlomo ngezandla ezingcolile. Lezi yizindlela eziyinhloko igciwane elingangena ngazo emzimbeni.
• Gwema abantu abagulayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Nciphisa ukuchayeka kwakho kubantu abanemikhuhlane nomkhuhlane.
• Uma ugula, hlala ekhaya nakanjani. Ungayi emsebenzini, esikoleni, noma ezindaweni zomphakathi. Lokhu kuzokusiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye.
• Ungabelani ngezinto zakho siqu ezifana nezinkomishi zokuphuzela, amapuleti, utshani, izinto zokusanhlamvu, namathawula nabanye.
• Uma kungenzeka, thola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane wesizini ngaphambi kwesizini yomkhuhlane (ngokuvamile ekupheleni konyaka). Lokhu kungavikela ezinhlotsheni eziningana zegciwane lomkhuhlane okungenzeka ukuthi lisakazeke ngalowo nyaka, okuhlanganisa (H1N1).

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Iningi labantu abathola umkhuhlane wezingulube (H1N1) lizolulama kuwo zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa bebodwa. Izimpawu ze-(H1N1) zifana neze-flu evamile. Izimpawu zivame ukuthuthuka ngemva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili. Kodwa-ke, uma izimpawu zakho zingathuthuki ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ziba zimbi kakhulu, noma uma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo, shayela ucingo noma ubone udokotela ngokushesha:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ubuhlungu besifuba
• Isiyezi esingazelelwe
• Ukudideka, ukuqonda okushintshile
• Uma uhlanza njalo
• Uma umkhuhlane usuphelile, umkhuhlane ubuya ngokuzumayo bese ukukhwehlela kuyanda.

Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha kungavimbela izinkinga ezinkulu.

Yimiphi imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma uya kudokotela, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubuza imibuzo efana nale ukuze uthole ukuqonda okucacile ngesimo sakho:

• Ingabe ngempela ngine-`(H1N1)`, noma omunye umkhuhlane?
• Ingabe ngidinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile ngalokhu?
• Ingabe kufanelekile ukuthi ngithole umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane? Kufanele ngiwuthole nini?
• Uma nginikezwe umuthi wokulwa namagciwane, kufanele ngiwuthathe isikhathi esingakanani futhi kufanele ngiwuthathe kanjani ngempela?
• Ngemva kokululama emkhuhlaneni wezingulube, ngingabuyela nini emsebenzini noma esikoleni? Kuzongithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuyeka ukusabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye?
• Yiziphi izinto okufanele ngiziqaphele kakhulu?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Umkhuhlane wezingulube (H1N1) wake waba ubhubhane womhlaba wonke. Kodwa manje leli gciwane selilawulwa, okusho ukuthi seliyigciwane lomkhuhlane ojwayelekile wesizini. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi abantu ngeke basagula noma babe mandundu ngenxa ye-(H1N1). Abantu basengayithola , kanti abanye abantu bangayithola kabi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi labo abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, labo abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona, kanye nezingane ezincane.

Ngakho-ke, uma uzizwa sengathi unomkhuhlane, ungesabi, phumula ngokwanele, futhi uphuze uketshezi. Uma izimpawu zakho zibonakala ziba zimbi kakhulu, noma uma zingapheli ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, qiniseka ukuthi ubonana nodokotela. Ukuzinakekela kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Sidinga futhi ukuthatha umthwalo wemfanelo wokuvimbela ukusabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye.

Sonke masizame ukuhlala siphilile futhi sizivikele kulezi zifo!

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