Ake sifunde nge-T-cell Lymphoma ngamagama alula. Kufana nodokotela nomngane bekhuluma nawe!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa ukhathele futhi ukhathele ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo? Noma mhlawumbe unamaqhubu amancane noma amaqhubu entanyeni yakho, emakhwapheni, noma embotsheni? Ngezinye izikhathi ungase uqaphele namabala noma amabala angajwayelekile esikhumbeni sakho. Lokhu akuzona njalo izimpawu zanoma yini engathí sina, kodwa kwezinye izimo, lezi zinto zingahlotshaniswa nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-T-cell Lymphoma . Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa namuhla, kodwa kalula nje, kulungile? Ungesabi, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela.

Iyini le lymphoma ye-T-cell?

Kalula nje, i-T-cell lymphoma uhlobo lomdlavuza olubizwa ngokuthi i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma . Sinohlobo olukhethekile lwamaseli amhlophe egazi abizwa ngokuthi ama-T cells emzimbeni wethu. Lawa angamasosha ayinhloko esimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela, asivikela ezifweni nasezifweni. Ngakho-ke, ngesizathu esithile, la maseli e-T ahlukana ngendlela engavamile, aphindaphindeke ngendlela engalawuleki, futhi abe umdlavuza, okuyikho okubangela i-T-cell lymphoma.

Lo mdlavuza ukhula ezicutshini ze-lymphoid zomzimba wethu. Isibonelo, ungavela ezindaweni ezifana nama-lymph node (abizwa nangokuthi ama-lymph node), isikhumba, indlela yokugaya ukudla , kanye ne-spleen . Okubalulekile, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene ze-T-cell lymphoma. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo oluthile.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-T-cell lymphoma ezikhona?

Odokotela bavame ukuhlanganisa ama-T-cell lymphoma abe izinhlobo ezimbili, kuye ngokuthi asakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani:

1. Izinhlobo ezinolaka

2. Izinhlobo zobuvila

Ake sibheke ngayinye yalezi zigaba ngokwehlukana.

Ama-lymphoma e-T-cell anamandla

Lezi yizinhlobo ezincane ezikhula ngokushesha futhi ezisakazeka kalula.

• I-T-cell lymphoma/leukemia yabantu abadala (igciwane le-T-cell lymphotropic lohlobo lwe-I) : Lolu uhlobo oluvame ukwenzeka kubantu abadala. Lungathinta isikhumba namathambo. Luhlotshaniswa negciwane elibizwa ngokuthi igciwane le-T-cell lymphotropic lohlobo lwe-I.
• I-Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) : Lokhu kungaba yingozi emzimbeni noma kukhawulelwe esikhumbeni ( esikhumbeni ). Akuvamile kakhulu, kukhona uhlobo oluthile lwe-ALCL oluhlotshaniswa nokufakelwa kwamabele.
• I-Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) : Lolu hlobo lungabonakala ngezimpawu ezifana nezinkinga zokuzivikela komzimba , njenge -autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) .Izimo ezifana ne-immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) .
• I-T-cell lymphoma ehlobene ne-Enteropathy : Njengoba igama lisikisela, lolu uhlobo lwe-lymphoma olukhula emathunjini.
• I-hepatosplenic gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma : Lokhu kuthinta kakhulu isibindi kanye ne-spleen.
• I-lymphoma ye-NK/T-cell yamakhala : I-NK ingenye uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi elibizwa ngokuthi iseli elibulalayo lemvelo , elifana kancane namaseli e-T. Le lymphoma ivame ukuthinta ulwelwesi lwekhala kanye nendlela yokuphefumula ephezulu, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ingakhula esikhumbeni noma endleleni yokugaya ukudla.
• I-Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, engachazwanga ngenye indlela (PTCL-NOS) : Lesi yisigaba esivamile. Odokotela bafaka izinhlobo ze-T-cell lymphoma ezingangeni ezinhlotsheni ezithile ezishiwo ngenhla.

Ama-lymphoma e-T-cell angasebenzi

Lezi yizinhlobo ezincane ezikhula futhi zisakazeke kancane kunezinhlobo ezishiwo ngaphambilini.

• I-Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) : Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-T-cell lymphoma. I-Mycosis fungoides kanye ne-Sézary syndrome ziyingxenye yaleli qembu. Zithinta kakhulu isikhumba.
• I-T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia : Lena enye uhlobo olukhula kancane.
• I-subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma : Lokhu kuthinta izicubu ezinamafutha ngaphansi kwesikhumba.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-T-cell lymphoma?

Ngenxa yokuthi i-T-cell lymphoma ingathinta izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba, izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngokuthi isifo siqala kuphi. Isibonelo, i-cutaneous T-cell lymphoma ingabangela amabala abomvu, alumayo noma amabala esikhumbeni.

Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile yilezi:

• Ukujuluka ngokweqile ebusuku : Akugcini nje ngokujuluka, kodwa nokujuluka kakhulu kangangokuthi amashidi athola amanzi.
• Ubuhlungu esiswini, emathanjeni, noma esifubeni : Ubuhlungu obungapheli, obungachazeki.
• Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo : Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, njengokungathi awunawo amandla ngisho nalapho uvuka ekuseni, izinsuku eziningana ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele : Ukuvuvukala okungenabuhlungu entanyeni, emakhwapheni, nasezimbotsheni okungazwakala sengathi yiqhubu.
• Umkhuhlane ongachazeki : Umkhuhlane uvame ukwenzeka lapho umzimba ulwa nokutheleleka. Uma umkhuhlane unganciphi ngemva kwamahora amabili okwelashwa ekhaya, noma uma umkhuhlane uqhubeka izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbili, kuwuphawu okufanele ukhathazeke ngalo.
• Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu: Unciphisa isisindo ngaphandle kokuzama noma ukulawula ukudla kwakho. Uma ulahlekelwa ngaphezu kuka-10% wesisindo sakho somzimba zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha, ngokuqinisekile kuyinto okufanele uyitshele udokotela.

Khumbula, lezi zimpawu zivame ukubonakala kwezinye izimo ezingatheni kangako. Ukuba nesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi une-T-cell lymphoma. Kodwa-ke, uma lezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi umkhuhlane kanye nama-lymph node avuvukele, ziqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, kuhlale kungumqondo omuhle ukubona udokotela ukuze uthole iseluleko.

Yini ebangela i-T-cell lymphoma?

Ayikho imbangela eyodwa eqinisekile ye-T-cell lymphoma. Kalula nje, ibangelwa izinguquko (lokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ) ezizakhi zofuzo ezilawula ukukhula nokusebenza kwamaseli e-T, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwamaseli e-T angavamile. Odokotela abaqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka, kodwa bakholelwa ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okutholiwe kuhilelekile. (Lezi izinguquko esizithuthukisayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, hhayi izinto esizalwa nazo).

Kodwa-ke, kunezici ezithile eziyingozi ezandisa ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo. Isici esiyingozi yinto ekhulisa amathuba okuthola isifo esithile.

• Ubudala : Ngokuvamile, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-55 banamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi sifo kunabantu abasebasha.
• Ubulili : Amadoda anamathuba amancane okuthola i-T-cell lymphoma kunabesifazane.
• Uhlanga : Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuthi lesi simo sivame kakhulu phakathi kwezizwe ezithile (isib., abantu abamhlophe noma base-Asia, uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abamnyama).
• Ukuba nezifo ezithile zokuzivikela komzimba .
• Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezibangela umdlavuza . Isibonelo, ukuchayeka isikhathi eside elangeni eliningi (ikakhulukazi ukukhanya kwe-UV ) noma ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali athile endaweni yokusebenza.

I-T-cell lymphoma itholakala kanjani?

Uma udokotela esola ukuthi une-T-cell lymphoma, angenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi unayo.

• Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC) ngomehluko : Lokhu kuhlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli egazini kanye nenani lawo.
• Iphaneli ephelele ye-metabolic (CMP) : Ihlola ukusebenza kanye nokulinganisela kwamakhemikhali kwezitho ezibalulekile emzimbeni (njengesibindi nezinso).
• Ukuhlolwa kwe -Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) : Amazinga ale enzyme angase aphakame kwamanye ama-lymphoma.
• I-smear yegazi elingaphandle : Isampula yegazi ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuhlola ukuma kanye nohlobo lwamaseli.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamagciwane athile: isibonelo , igciwane le-Epstein Barr , igciwane le-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), igciwane le-T-cell lymphotropic lohlobo I lomuntu , noma amagciwane ahlukahlukene e-hepatitis .
• Ukufuthwa komnkantsha wethambo kanye ne-biopsy : Lokhu kwenzelwa ukubona ukuthi i-lymphoma isisabalale yini emnkantsha wethambo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-immunophenotyping : Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ekuboneni amaprotheni athile ebusweni bama-T-cells futhi kuhlonze uhlobo lwe-lymphoma.
• Ukuskena kwe -magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) .
• Iskeni se -positron emission tomography (PET) .

Lezi zivivinyo zivumela odokotela ukuthola isithombe esicacile sokuthi une-lymphoma, uma ikhona, uhlobo lwayo, nokuthi isisabalale kangakanani.

Ziyini izigaba ze-T-cell lymphoma?

Ngemva kokuba umdlavuza usutholakale, odokotela banquma "isigaba sawo." Lokhu kubhekisela ekutheni umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani emzimbeni. Ukwazi lesi sigaba kubalulekile ekuhleleni ukwelashwa nasekuhloleni ukubikezela. Kunezigaba ezine eziyinhloko ze-T-cell lymphoma:

• Isigaba I : I-lymphoma itholakala esifundeni esisodwa se-lymph node, noma esithweni esisodwa sohlelo lwe-lymphatic, njenge-thymus gland, i-spleen, noma i-bone marrow.
• Isigaba II : I-lymphoma isemaqenjini amabili noma ngaphezulu ama-lymph node ohlangothini olufanayo lwe -diaphragm yakho (umsipha ophakathi kwesifuba sakho nesisu).
• Isigaba sesi-3 : I-lymphoma itholakala kuma-lymph node angenhla nangaphansi kwe-diaphragm, kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Noma ingase ibe se-spleen.
• Isigaba IV : I-lymphoma isisabalale okungenani esithweni esisodwa ngaphandle kohlelo lwe-lymphatic (isb., umnkantsha wamathambo, isibindi, amaphaphu).

Kodwa-ke, uhlelo lokulinganisa oluhlukile kancane lungasetshenziswa ngezinye izikhathi kwi-cutaneous T-cell lymphoma ngoba indlela esakazeka ngayo ihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ze-lymphoma.

Iphathwa kanjani i-T-cell lymphoma?

Ukwelashwa kwe-T-cell lymphoma kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesiguli kanye nohlobo lwe-lymphoma. Kwezinye izinhlobo ezingasebenzi kahle, uma zingekho izimpawu ekuqaleni, odokotela bangasebenzisa isu elibizwa ngokuthi "ukulinda ngokuqapha/ukuqapha okusebenzayo." Lokhu kusho ukuthi isiguli asilashwa ngokushesha, kodwa siqashwa eduze. Ukwelashwa kuqala kuphela uma izimpawu ziqala noma isifo siba sibi kakhulu.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingafaka:

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali : Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha enamandla ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kuyindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko ye-non-Hodgkin lymphoma, ehlanganisa ne-T-cell lymphoma.
• Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe : Lokhu kwelashwa kuhlose futhi kuhlasele ama-molecule athile kumaseli omdlavuza. Ukwelashwa ngama-antibody e-monoclonal kuyisibonelo salokhu.
• Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy : Okubizwa nangokuthi ukwelashwa nge-biologic , lokhu kuhilela ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba wakho ukuze kusize ekulweni namaseli omdlavuza. Ukwelashwa nge-CAR T-cell kuyindlela yokwelapha ethuthukisiwe kulo mkhakha.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe : Kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla aphezulu (njenge-X-ray) ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ngokufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem : Amaseli e-stem angamaseli egazi angavuthiwe egazini lakho noma emnkantsheni wamathambo. Ngemva kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali aphezulu, odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bafaka amaseli e-stem kuwe ( ukufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem e-autologous ). Akuvamile ukuthi amaseli e-stem avela komunye umuntu ohambisana nawo afakwe ( ukufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem e-allogeneic ).

Ngezinye izikhathi, iziguli zingase zibe nethuba lokubamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo, lapho odokotela becwaninga khona izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha.

Ingabe i-T-cell lymphoma ingelapheka ngokuphelele?

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-T-cell lymphoma zingase ziphele ngemva kokwelashwa. Ukuphunyuzwa kusho ukuthi awunazo izimpawu futhi ukuhlolwa akubonisi zimpawu zesifo. Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zingaze zelapheke ngokuphelele ngemva kwesikhathi eside sokuphunyuzwa. Lokhu kungaba njalo kwezinye izinhlobo ze-T-cell lymphoma.

Kodwa-ke, i-T-cell lymphoma ivame ukuba nethuba lokuphinda ivele ngemva kokwelashwa . Ngakho-ke, uma une-T-cell lymphoma, udokotela wakho angakweluleka kangcono ngohlobo kanye nokubikezela kwesifo sakho.

Iyini i-prognosis ye-T-cell lymphoma?

"Isibikezelo" umbono odokotela abakunikeza wona ngalokho ongakulindela ngenkathi uphila ne-T-cell lymphoma. Lokhu kuvame ukusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kanye nedatha yeqembu elikhulu leziguli. Ngakho-ke, lokho obekuyiqiniso kwabanye kungase kungakuthinti ngendlela efanayo. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho kuphela ongakunikeza ulwazi olunembile noluyimfihlo mayelana nekusasa lakho .

Ingabe i-T-cell lymphoma ingavinjelwa?

Ngenxa yokuthi imbangela eqondile ye-T-cell lymphoma ayikakaziwa, kunzima ukuyivimbela ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, kunezici ezithile eziyingozi ongazilawula, njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili. Isibonelo, ukugwema ukuchayeka ku-carcinogens, ukuzivikela ezifweni ezithile, nokuphila impilo enempilo.

Kunjani ukuphila ne-T-cell lymphoma?

Ngenxa yokuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-T-cell lymphoma, ukuphila nalesi sifo akufani kuwo wonke umuntu. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi kunjani ngempela. Uma une-T-cell lymphoma, ungase uthande ukucabangela ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative . Ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative kuwukunakekelwa okukhethekile okusiza abantu abaphila nezifo ezinzima ukunciphisa izimpawu, ukuphatha ubuhlungu, ukuhlala beqinile engqondweni, nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila kwabo. Ungathola lokhu kunakekelwa kwe-palliative wedwa noma kanye nokwelashwa kwe-T-cell lymphoma.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani ekhaya?

Ukuzinakekela kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphatheni isimo sakho. Nakuba lezi zinto zingeke ziqede lesi sifo ngokuphelele, zingakusiza wakhe amandla nokuzethemba kokuphila naso:

• Yidla ukudla okunempilo : Ukudla kunamandla. Ukudla ukudla okunomsoco kusiza ukugcina amandla omzimba wakho. Uma kudingeka, khuluma nochwepheshe wezokudla bese uthola iseluleko ngokudla okukufanele.
• Phumula ngangokunokwenzeka : Ukwelashwa okufana ne-chemotherapy kungakwenza uzizwe ukhathele kakhulu. Ukuphumula kubalulekile ukuze umzimba wakho ululame futhi uthole amandla awo kabusha.
• Ukuzivocavoca : Ukuzivocavoca okulula, okungadingi ukucindezeleka (njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela) kusiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka nokugcina amandla omzimba.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela? / Kufanele ngiye nini eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) ?

• Uma ubona izimpawu ezintsha noma izinguquko ku-T-cell lymphoma yakho ezingase zibe zimbi kakhulu (isib., amaqhubu amasha, umkhuhlane omkhulu, ukwehla okukhulu kwesisindo), bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
• Uma imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ingapheli ngemva kokuthatha imithi enqunywe udokotela , inzima kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelwe, noma ihlala isikhathi eside, kufanele uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) .

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Ungase ube nemibuzo eminingi kanye nokukhathazeka ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwe-T-cell lymphoma. Kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngalokhu nodokotela wakho. Nansi eminye imibuzo ongayibuza:

• Uhlobo luni lwe-T-cell lymphoma enginalo ngqo?
• Iyini isigaba sesifo sami?
• Iyini inhloso eyinhloko yokwelashwa kwami?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa ongincomayo? Kungani?
• Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona yalokhu kwelashwa? Ingalawulwa kanjani?
• Ingabe kufanele ngicabangele ukuhlanganyela esivivinyweni somtholampilo? Yiziphi izinzuzo kimi?

Ingabe i-T-cell lymphoma ivamile?

Cha, i-T-cell lymphoma empeleni akuyona uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu. Isibonelo, ngokusho kwe-American Cancer Society, kulindeleke ukuthi kube namacala amasha angu-89,000 e-lymphoma e-United States kuphela ngo-2023. Kodwa-ke, i-T-cell lymphoma ibangela u-10% kuphela wawo wonke ama-lymphoma. Lokho cishe kuyizimo ezintsha ezingu-8,000 ngonyaka.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-B-cell lymphoma kanye ne-T-cell lymphoma?

Kalula nje, i-B-cell lymphoma kanye ne-T-cell lymphoma kuthinta izinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zama-lymphocyte (uhlobo lweseli le-lymph) ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba. I-B-cell lymphoma uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu kune-T-cell lymphoma.

Umdlavuza uyinto eyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi uma kungumdlavuza ongavamile njenge-T-cell lymphoma. Ungase ube nemibuzo eminingi futhi uzibuze ukuthi ungalutholaphi ulwazi ngalesi simo. Ungesabi, futhi cela ithimba lakho lezokwelapha usizo lokuqonda ukuxilongwa kwakho, ukwelashwa, nanoma yini enye ongayidinga . Bangumthombo wolwazi ongcono kakhulu nowethembekile, okuhlanganisa nokuthi yini ongayilindela ekwelashweni kwakho komdlavuza.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule kulesi sihloko (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke, kusukela kulokho esikhulume ngakho nge-T-cell Lymphoma, nansi ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule:

• I-T-cell lymphoma uhlobo lomdlavuza olwenzeka lapho ama-T-cell, ingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso sethu somzimba, ekhula ngendlela engavamile futhi engalawuleki.
• Kunezinhlobo eziningi zalokhu, okuhlanganisa nolaka nokuvilapha, futhi izindlela zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka ngokufanele.
• Uma unezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane oqhubekayo, ama-lymph node avuvukele, ukukhathala okukhulu, ukujuluka kakhulu ebusuku, kanye nokwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa udokotela ngakho.
• Izinketho zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka; i-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, ukwelashwa okuqondiwe, kanye ne-immunotherapy kunqunywa uhlobo lwesifo, isigaba, kanye nempilo iyonke yesiguli.
• Akuwona wonke ama-T-cell lymphoma afanayo, ngakho udokotela wakho kuphela ongaqonda kangcono isimo sakho, ukwelashwa, kanye nesimo sakho sengqondo.
• Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile, ubuze imibuzo, bese wabelana ngemizwa yakho.

Khumbula, awuwedwa kulolu hambo. Usekelwa odokotela, abahlengikazi, umndeni nabangane. Ungayeki!

I- T-cell lymphoma, i-T-cell Lymphoma, i-lymphoma, umdlavuza, ama-lymph node, i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma, izimpawu zomdlavuza, ukwelashwa komdlavuza