Ingabe une-tapeworm emzimbeni wakho? (Ukutheleleka kwe-tapeworm) Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi, ngezinye izikhathi kunezinto ezenzekayo emizimbeni yethu esingazazi nhlobo? Kwabanye abantu, lapho bebhekene nezinkinga zesisu nokuncipha kwesisindo, into yokuqala abacabanga ngayo ukutheleleka kwezikelemu. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngazo, akunjalo? Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalezi zikelemu.

Iyini i-tapeworm?

Kalula nje, i-tapeworm iyisibungu esiyisicaba, esidla inyama. Sihlala emathunjini esilwane (okungukuthi, umnikazi waso). Izilwane ezifana nezinja zethu namakati, kanye nezinkomo nezingulube, zingangenwa yilezi zibungu, kanye nathi bantu. Sithinta kakhulu izilwane ezincelisayo ezidla inyama.

Njengezinye izilokazane, lesi silokazane sihlala ngaphakathi komzimba wesilwane esisiphethe, simunca izakhamzimba zaso. Ikhanda lesilokazane linamathela emathunjini akho, lapho lisondla khona ukudla okugayiwe.

Njengoba ihlezi lapho, umzimba wesibungu uyaqhubeka nokukhula futhi ubeka amaqanda. La maqanda ahamba emathunjini esilwane esisiphethe bese ephuma endle. Yileyo ndlela la maqanda athola ngayo isibungu esisha.

Zibukeka kanjani lezi zimpethu?

Lesi sibungu sithola igama laso ngenxa yokubonakala kwaso. Siyisicaba, njengesiqeshana setheyiphu. Umzimba waso wakhiwe yizicucu. Isibungu esinezicucu ezintathu ezihlukile: ikhanda (elinamathela kumuntu osiphethe), intamo (ekhiqiza izicucu zomzimba ezintsha), kanye nomzimba ongezansi ohlukaniswe .

Ingcezu ngayinye ye-tapeworm ikhiqiza amaqanda ayo. Kwezinye izinhlobo ze-tapeworm, lezi zingcezu ziyaqhekeka kanye namaqanda bese zidluliselwa emathunjini omuntu ohlala endle. Lezi zingcezu zibukeka njengezinhlamvu zerayisi ezimhlophe . Ngokuvamile, uphawu lokuqala lokutheleleka kwe-tapeworm ukubonakala kwalezi zingcezu endle.

Kuyini ukutheleleka kwe-tapeworm?

Ukutheleleka kwezikelemu ze-tapeworm kungenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:

Izikelemu zamathumbu

Lokhu kumayelana nezimpethu eziphuma emaqandeni ngaphakathi kwamathumbu esilwane esisiphethe. Lezi zimpethu ezindala zinamathela odongeni lwamathumbu akho futhi zimunce izakhamzimba ekudleni okugayayo lapho. Isikhathi esiningi, lezi zimpethu azibangeli zimpawu . Abantu abaningi abazi nokuthi banesifo. Kodwa-ke, uma isifo sibi kakhulu, ungase ube nokuntuleka kokudla okunempilo , ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki , isicanucanu , noma isifo sohudo . Ezinye izimpethu zingaphila iminyaka efinyelela kwengu-30 futhi zikhule zibe ngamamitha angu-30 ubude! Cabanga ngalokho!

Udokotela wakho angase futhi abhekisele kulokhu kutheleleka kwe-tapeworm ngokuthi 'i-taeniasis'. Lokhu kubhekisela ekuthelelekeni okubangelwa yi-tapeworm yohlobo lwe-Taenia. Izakhamuzi eziyinhloko yi-Taenia solium (i-tapeworm yengulube), i-Taenia saginata (i-tapeworm yenkomo), kanye ne-Taenia asiatica (i-tapeworm yase-Asia - nayo i-tapeworm yengulube). Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-Diphyllobothrium latum (i-fish tapeworm) kanye ne-Hymenolepis nana (i-tapeworm encane - uhlobo oluncane), nazo zithelela amathumbu abantu.

Ukutheleleka kwe-tapeworm okusakazekayo

Lokhu kuhlukile kancane. Lokhu kutheleleka okubangelwa yizilokazane kwenzeka lapho izibungu ze-tapeworm ezingaphakathi kwamathumbu akho ziphuma emathunjini zingene egazini lakho nakwezinye izitho zomzimba. Lezi zibungu zinamathela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba wakho, lapho zakha khona ama-cyst. Lawa ma-cyst afana nezikhwama ezigcwele uketshezi. Njengoba izibungu zikhula, lawa ma-cyst nawo akhula abe makhudlwana. Kuye ngokuthi lawa ma-cyst atholakala kuphi, angabangela izinkinga ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, uma lawa ma-cyst akheka ezindaweni ezifana namaphaphu, isibindi, noma inhliziyo, angaba makhulu kangangokuthi angaphazamisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwalezo zitho zomzimba. Uma lawa ma-cyst enamathela emgogodleni noma ebuchosheni, angabangela izimpawu zemizwa ezifana nesifo sokuwa.

Ungayithola le nkinga nge-tapeworm yamathumbu noma ngaphandle kwayo. I-tapeworm yengulube (i-Taenia solium) ibangela ukutheleleka kwamathumbu, kanye nale cysticercosis ehlaselayo. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-tapeworm zithelela abantu abasesigabeni sabo sezibungu kuphela. Lezi zifo zinamagama ahlukene kuye ngohlobo lwe-worm - isifo se-cystic hydatid (echinococcosis), isifo se-alveolar, i-sparganosis kanye ne-coenurosis - kodwa zonke zibukeka njenge-cysts. Amanye ama-cysts awayona ingozi, kodwa amanye angabangela izinkinga futhi adinga ukususwa.

Kuvamile kangakanani lokhu?

Ukutheleleka ngezikelemu ze-tapeworm kungatholakala emhlabeni wonke. Kuvamile ikakhulukazi emazweni lapho inyama eluhlaza nenhlanzi kudliwa khona njalo nalapho ukuhlanzeka kuphansi khona. Emazweni afana ne-United States, lokhu akuvamile kakhulu. Kodwa abantu kulawo mazwe bangahamba baye kwamanye amazwe babuye batheleleke. Uma sibheka umhlaba wonke, kunzima ukusho ukuthi zingaki ngempela izifo zezikelemu ze-tapeworm. Ngoba, ezimweni eziningi, lezi zifo azibangeli izimpawu ezisobala . Futhi, amazwe amaningi awanazo izinsiza zokuxilonga wonke umuntu onezimpawu. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kungase kuvame kakhulu kunalokho esikucabangayo.

Uzizwa kanjani ngalokhu?

Izikelemu ezithambile zikhula ngezigaba ezintathu: iqanda, i-larva, kanye ne-adult. Isikelemu esidala asikwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwe-host. Kodwa-ke, amaqanda nezikelemu zingakwazi. Amaqanda, akhishwa ku-host yokuqala endle, akhishwa enhlabathini nasemanzini azungezile. Lapho, angcolisa ukudla namanzi ezinye izilwane. Izikelemu ezithambile zikhula ngaphakathi kwemizimba yezilwane ezidla la maqanda - njengezinambuzane nezinhlanzi. Abantu batheleleka ngokudla la maqanda noma izikelemu bengazi.

Kalula nje, kunezindlela ezimbili:

• Ukugwinya amaqanda ngamanzi noma ukudla okungcolile: Abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinendle engafanele kanye nendle engafanele banamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi simo. Ukudla namanzi angcoliswe yindle yabantu neyezilwane kungase kube namaqanda ezikelemu, angabonakali emehlweni. Lapho abantu begwinya la maqanda, akhula abe yizikelemu emathunjini. Yilapho-ke angakwazi khona ukuhambahamba. Lapho la maqanda ephuma emathunjini, kwenzeka 'ukutheleleka kwezikelemu okungenayo' okukhulunywe ngakho ngaphambilini.
• Ukudla inyama eluhlaza noma engaphekiwe kahle enegciwane: Abantu emazweni athuthukile banamathuba amaningi okutheleleka ngale ndlela. Inyama ethelelekile isho inyama enezibungu ze-tapeworm ngaphakathi kwayo. Uma idliwa ngaphandle kokuyipheka kahle noma ukuyincibilikisa, lezi zibungu ngeke zife. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu zamanzi ahlanzekile, njenge-salmon, nazo zingabangela lokhu kutheleleka. Lapho abantu bedla le nyama ethelelekile, izibungu ziya emathunjini abo, lapho zikhula khona zibe izibungu ezinkulu. Yilapho kwenzeka khona ukutheleleka kwezibungu zamathumbu.

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo sokutheleleka kwezikelemu?

Uma unezikelemu zamathumbu, izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ukuphazamiseka kwesisu okuncane . Ungase ungaboni lutho. Kodwa-ke, ungase uqaphele izinto ezinjengalezi:

• Ukuzizwa ulambile (`Indlala`)
• Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla
• Isicanucanu
• Ukukhathala
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Uhudo

Ukutheleleka kwe-cystic larval akuvamile ukubangela zimpawu . Kungase kubonakale njengezigaxa ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Noma kungatholakala kuphela uma kuvela izinkinga ezithweni zangaphakathi. Lokhu kuvame ukuthatha iminyaka.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yokutheleleka yizikelemu?

Izinkinga zincike ekutheni hlobo luni lwe-tapeworm onalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lungolwesisu noma lungolwesihlava, nokuthi izibungu ezihlaselayo zitholakala kuphi.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi, lezi zinkinga azenzeki kuwo wonke umuntu, kodwa kuhle ukuzazi.

• Ukuvaleka komgudu wokugaya ukudla: Akuvamile kakhulu, ezinye izikelemu zamathumbu zingakhula ngokwanele ukuvimba izindlela zomgudu wakho wokugaya ukudla, okuhlanganisa amathumbu, i-ileum, imigudu ye-bile, kanye nemigudu ye-pancreatic.
• I-anemia yokuntuleka kwamavithamini: Izikelemu ezithambile, ikakhulukazi lezo ezivela ezinhlanzini, zithanda kakhulu ukumunca i-vitamin B12. Lokhu kungaholela ekuntulekeni kwegazi.
• Ukungezwani komzimba: Izibungu zingabangela ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba emzimbeni wakho, njengokulunywa, ukuqunjelwa, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ukukhwehlela nobuhlungu besifuba: Lokhu kungenzeka uma kuvela ama-cyst emaphashini.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwezitho zomzimba: Uma izibungu zihlasela isibindi, inhliziyo, amehlo, noma amaphaphu, ukusebenza okuvamile kwalezo zitho kungase kuphazamiseke.
• Izimpawu ze-neurological: Uma izibungu zifika ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi (okungukuthi ubuchopho nomgogodla), zingabangela ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuxhuzula, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, i-meningitis, kanye nokuvuvukala kobuchopho.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi unezikelemu ezithambile?

Uma usola ukuthi unezikelemu zamathumbu, hlola indle yakho ukuthi azinazo yini izingcezu zezikelemu. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, zibukeka njengezinhlayiya zerayisi. Uma unesifo sezikelemu ezihlaselayo, ungase ubone izigaxa (ama-cyst) kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Kodwa-ke, uma izikelemu zingaphakathi emzimbeni wakho, zingase zingabonakali kuze kube yilapho zibangela izinkinga.

Izinkinga zingavela uma la ma-cyst eba makhulu futhi ephazamisa ukugeleza kwegazi noma ukusebenza okuvamile kwezitho zomzimba. Noma, izinkinga zingavela lapho ama-cyst eqhuma futhi eqala ukufa. Bese ama-cyst ephinde angene egazini. Ngaleso sikhathi, isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela siyabona ukuthi kukhona ukutheleleka. Bese uqala ukukhombisa izimpawu ezivamile zokutheleleka, njengomkhuhlane.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani ukutheleleka kwe-tapeworm?

Odokotela baxilonga izikelemu zamathumbu ngokuhlola indle yakho elebhu. Bangabheka amaqanda ezikelemu kanye nezingcezu zezikelemu. Bangakutshela nokuthi hlobo luni lwesikelemu onaso ngokubheka ezinye zezimpawu. Umuthi ofanayo unikezwa zonke izinhlobo, kodwa umthamo uyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesikelemu. Uma unekelemu yengulube, udokotela wakho uzokuhlola ne-cysticercosis.

Ukuze ahlole ukutheleleka kwezibungu okungenayo, udokotela wakho angase aqale enze ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Lokhu kuzohlola ukuthi umzimba wakho ukhiqiza yini ama-antibodies ngokumelene nezibungu. Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kutholakala ukuthi kunembile, noma uma kukhona esinye isizathu sokusola ukutheleleka kwezibungu, udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwesithombe (ukuskena okubheka ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho) ukuze abheke ama-cyst. Ama-MRI kanye nama-CT scan amahle kakhulu ekubhekeni izicubu ezingaphakathi emzimbeni wakho.

Uyisusa kanjani i-tapeworm?

Lokhu kuyinto engcono kakhulu! Kunemithi yokubulala izikelemu ezingabulala kalula izikelemu . Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-praziquantel (Biltricide®), i-albendazole (Albenza®), kanye ne-nitazoxanide (Alinia®). Odokotela bavame ukuncoma i-praziquantel ngoba ikhubaza isikelemu, isiphoqe ukuthi siphume odongeni lwamathumbu. Kubalulekile ukuthi intamo yesikelemu isuswe futhi ikhishwe emzimbeni, ngoba isikelemu singakhula sibuye entanyeni. Ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa, udokotela wakho uzohlola indle yakho inyanga eyodwa kuya kwezintathu ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini izimpawu zokutheleleka kwesikelemu.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ukutheleleka kwama-larval okungenayo?

Odokotela balandela indlela yokwelapha yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngalokhu:

• "Linda bese ulinda":Uma ama-cyst engadali izinkinga noma engekho endaweni eyingozi, udokotela cishe uzothi ungenzi lutho ngawo okwamanje. Bazomane bawabukele.
• Ukuphathwa kwezimpawu zesibili: Uma isimila sibangela izinkinga, ikakhulukazi ezezinzwa, lezo zimpawu kuzodingeka zelashwe kuqala. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi imithi yokulwa nokuquleka noma ukwelashwa ukunciphisa ukunqwabelana koketshezi ebuchosheni noma eduze kwaso.
• Ama-Corticosteroids: Imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala, njenge-corticosteroids, ingasetshenziswa ezimila ezibangela ukuvuvukala kwezicubu.
• Imithi Yokubulala Izikelemu: Imithi Yokubulala Izikelemu ingasiza ekunciphiseni izikelemu ezingaphakathi. Udokotela wakho angakunikeza nemithi yokubulala izikelemu kanye ne-corticosteroids ukusiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala okwenzeka lapho izikelemu ziqala ukufa.
• Ukumunca amanzi: Uma kukhona ama-cyst abangela izinkinga, lokhu kungenziwa kwezinye izimo. Udokotela angafaka inalithi ku-cyst, ayibhoboze, bese ekhipha uketshezi ngenalithi. Ekugcineni, bazogeza ama-cyst ngomuthi wokulwa namagciwane.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Izimila ezisongela ukusebenza kwezitho zomzimba kungadingeka zisuswe ngokuhlinzwa.

Uzigwema kanjani lezi zifo ze-tapeworm?

Ingozi iphansi emazweni athuthukile. Kodwa-ke, ingozi inganda uma uvakashela amazwe asathuthuka futhi udla inyama nenhlanzi eluhlaza noma engaphekiwe kahle. Ngakho-ke, landela lawa macebiso ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka kwezikelemu:

• Imikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka: Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, ngemva kokuxhumana nezilwane, nangaphambi kokuphatha ukudla.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi aphephile: Ezindaweni lapho amanzi engahlanzwa khona, bilisa amanzi umzuzu owodwa ngaphambi kokuphuza. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungawahlunga amanzi. Kodwa-ke, isihlungi kufanele sibe `i-1 micron` ngokuphelele noma ngaphansi, futhi amaphilisi e-iodine kufanele ancibilikiswe emanzini ahlungiwe.
• Ukulungiselela inyama ngendlela ephephile: Sebenzisa i-thermometer yokudla lapho upheka inyama. Inyama eqoshiwe kufanele iphekwe kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa langaphakathi elingu-63 degrees Celsius (145 degrees Fahrenheit) bese ishiywa imizuzu emithathu ngaphambi kokudla. Inyama egayiwe kufanele iphekwe kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa elingu-71 degrees Celsius (160 degrees Fahrenheit). Ukubhema noma ukomisa inyama ngeke kuvimbele izimpethu.
• Ukulungiswa kwezinhlanzi okuphephile: Pheka izinhlanzi ezinkulu zamanzi ahlanzekile njenge-salmon kuze kufike ekushiseni kwangaphakathi okungu-63 degrees Celsius (145 Fahrenheit). Uma udla izinhlanzi ezingaphekiwe, kuphephile ukuzincibilikisa kahle kuqala.Ezindaweni zokudlela eziningi ezinhle ze-sushi, izinhlanzi ezintsha ziqandisiwe ngokushesha zibe yi-degrees Celsius engu-35 (-31 degrees Fahrenheit). Bese zibamba izinhlanzi ku-degrees Celsius engu-20 (-4 degrees Fahrenheit) cishe amahora angu-24. Ngaphandle kokubanda kakhulu, i-FDA ifuna ukuthi izinhlanzi ziqandiswe ku-degrees Celsius engu-20 (-4 degrees Fahrenheit) izinsuku eziyisikhombisa ukuze kubulawe amagciwane.

Ngizoba nokutheleleka kwezikelemu isikhathi esingakanani?

Kungathatha isikhathi ukuqaphela ukuthi unesifo se-tapeworm. Izimpawu zingase zingaveli izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka. Kodwa uma sesitholakele futhi selashwe, i-peum izofa futhi iphele emzimbeni wakho. Kodwa-ke, uma ungakaze uyibone, i-tapeworm izofa futhi iphele emzimbeni wakho ngemva kweminyaka eminingi.

Uma unesifo se-tapeworm esihlaselayo, futhi kungekho zimpawu noma izinkinga ezivela kuma-cysts, udokotela wakho cishe uzokutshela ukuthi ungenzi lutho ngakho. Uma lokho kwenzeka, ama-tapeworm azofa ngemva kweminyaka embalwa yomjikelezo wawo wokuphila. Ngezinye izikhathi abantu bathola kuphela uma sebevele befa futhi kuvela impendulo yokuvuvukala.

Uma unesifo se-tapeworm esihlaselayo esibangela izinkinga, kungenzeka ukuthi usunaso isikhathi eside. Uma udokotela wakho esitholile, uzosusa i-tapeworm eyinkinga futhi asebenze ukulawula izimpawu zakho. Ukususa i-tapeworm kufanele kusize ekunciphiseni izimpawu zakho. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nomonakalo ongenakulungiseka ezithweni zakho noma ohlelweni lwakho lwezinzwa oluphakathi.

Kufanele ngizinakekele kanjani uma nginesifo sezikelemu ezingabonakali?

Uma uphila nokutheleleka kwezikelemu ezithwala amagciwane okungenazimpawu, qaphela izimpawu ezintsha ezikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Wena nodokotela wakho nizokwazi ukuthi ama-cyst akuphi emzimbeni wakho. Ngakho-ke qaphela noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile kulezo zindawo. Bheka noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuvuvukala noma impendulo yomzimba engase ivele njengoba ama-cyst eqala ukufa. Udokotela wakho angase akunikeze imithi yokulawula izimpawu zakho.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Izimpawu zokutheleleka yizikelemu, uma zenzeka, zingahluka kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi ekuthelelekeni yizikelemu. Ungase ungaqapheli ukuthi izimpawu zakho zihlobene nezikelemu. Kodwa-ke, uma unezimpawu ezingavamile, xhumana nodokotela wakho njalo . Uma unesizathu sokusola ukutheleleka yizikelemu, njengokuhamba kwamuva nje phesheya noma ukudla ukudla okungaphekiwe kahle, qiniseka ukuthi uyakusho. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izingcezu zezikelemu esitulweni sakho, zihlole ngokushesha .

Ekugcineni, khumbula lokhu.

Ukutheleleka ngezikelemu kungase kuzwakale kuyesabisa kancane. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esiningi, izimpawu zincane. Uma sezitholakale, zingelashwa kalula. Izinkinga zivame ukuvela eminyakeni eminingi kamuva. Ezweni elithuthukile, amathuba akho okuthola ukutheleleka ngezikelemu aphansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma uya emazweni asathuthuka noma udla inyama eluhlaza noma inhlanzi, qaphela izimpawu ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwesisu. Uma unezimpawu, hlola indle yakho ukuze uthole izimpawu zezikelemu. Uma unenkinga, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kwendle. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema noma yiziphi izinkinga ezivela ekuthelelekeni ngezikelemu .

Ngakho-ke, akukho okufanele ukwesabe. Into ebalulekile ukuqaphela nokuqaphela!

I- Tapeworm, Ukutheleleka, I-Parasite, Amathumbu, Izimpawu, Ukuhlanzeka