Ingabe ama-platelet akho egazi aphansi? Ake sifunde ngqo nge-thrombocytopenia!

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esihambisana negama elithusa kancane, kodwa elingaphathwa kahle uma unolwazi olufanele. Leyo yi -Thrombocytopenia . Mhlawumbe awukaze uzwe leli gama ngaphambili. Noma mhlawumbe udokotela ukutshelile noma othile omaziyo ngalo. Iyini le gama elingavamile elibizwa ngokuthi i-Thrombocytopenia? Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Ingabe kuyingozi? Imibuzo eminingi enjalo kumele ibe sengqondweni yakho. Ngakho-ke ake sixoxe ngakho konke lokhu ngokucacile nangokulula, njengokukhuluma nomngane.

Kuyini i-thrombocytopenia?

Kalula nje, i-thrombocytopenia iwukuba ube nama- platelet ambalwa egazini lakho kunalokho okufanele ukucabange. Manje cishe ucabanga ukuthi, "Ayini lawa ma-platelet?" Ungakhathazeki, sizoxoxa nangalokho futhi.

Cabanga ngale ndlela: umzimba wethu ufana nefektri enkulu. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabasebenzi kule fektri zemisebenzi ehlukene. Ngokufanayo, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamangqamuzana egazini lethu, ngalinye linomsebenzi othile. Ama-platelet egazi ayiqembu elilodwa lalawo basebenzi abakhethekile.

Ngakho-ke, uma inani lama-platelet lehla ngaphansi kwezinga elidingekayo, silibiza ngokuthi i-Thrombocytopenia. Kufana nokuthi uma kunonogada abambalwa endaweni yokusebenza, izinkinga ezincane zingaba zinkulu.

Ayini ama-platelet? Enzani?

Ama-platelet, noma njengoba siwabiza kanjalo , ama-platelet, angamaseli amancane, angenambala egazini lethu. Akhiqizwa engxenyeni ethambile yamathambo ethu ebizwa ngokuthi umnkantsha . Cabanga ngomnkantsha njengefektri yamaseli egazi. Yilapho kukhiqizwa khona amaseli egazi abomvu (amaseli anika igazi umbala walo obomvu futhi athwala umoya-mpilo), amaseli egazi amhlophe (amaseli asivikela ezifweni), kanye nama-platelet.

Ngakho-ke, noma zincane, ama-platelet enza umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukuvimba ukuphuma kwegazi, okungukuthi, ukuvala igazi. Uma ulimala endaweni ethile, ukuphuma kwegazi kuyayeka ngemva kwesikhashana, akunjalo? Lawa ma-platelet egazi ayasiza ngalokho. Afika endaweni elimele futhi anamathele ndawonye, ​​njengedamu, futhi avimba ukuphuma kwegazi.

Ngakho-ke uyawuthola umqondo, akunjalo? Ama-platelet ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wethu elawula ukuphuma kwegazi, esebenza njengama-“plaster” amancane.

Kungani kwenzeka i-Thrombocytopenia? Ziyini izimbangela?

Kulungile, manje sesiyazi ukuthi i-thrombocytopenia iwukwehla kwama-platelet. Kodwa kungani kwenzeka kanje? Kungaba nezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Ake sizihlukanise zibe izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. Ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwama-platelet emnkantsheni wethambo

Uma ifektri yethu yama-platelet, umnkantsha wamathambo, ingasebenzi kahle, inani lama-platelet akhiqizwayo lingancipha. Lokhu kungabangelwa yilokhu:

• Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane (isib., kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ukuthi ama-platelet ayancipha uma une-dengue fever).
• Eminye imithi (ikakhulukazi i-chemotherapy).
• Ukuntuleka kwe -Vitamin B12 noma i-folic acid.
• Izifo ezithinta umongo wamathambo (isib., i-Leukemia , i-Aplastic Anemia ).
• Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile.

2. Ukubhujiswa okusheshayo kwama-platelet (ukuphuka ngokweqile)

Ngezinye izikhathi, noma umnkantsha ukhiqiza ama-platelet kahle, asheshe abhujiswe ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Njengoba nje ezinye izinto ezenziwe kahle ziphuka ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa. Izizathu zalokhu yilezi:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu yomzimba: Ngezinye izikhathi uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu (uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba) luqala ngephutha ukubhubhisa ama-platelet alo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi `(Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura - ITP)`. Lokhu kungabonakala nasezinganeni ezincane.
• Njengomphumela omubi wemithi ethile (isib. i-heparin).
• Ezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo.
• Abanye abantu bangase babhekane nokwehla okuncane kwenani lama-platelet ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kodwa ngokuvamile akuyona inkinga enkulu.

3. Ama-platelet aqoqana endaweni eyodwa emzimbeni (ikakhulukazi e-spleen)

Umzimba wethu unesitho esibizwa ngokuthi i-spleen. Sitholakala ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwesisu. Omunye wemisebenzi ye-spleen ukususa amaseli egazi amadala. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi uma i-spleen ikhula (isibonelo, ezifweni ezifana ne-cirrhosis yesibindi), ingaqoqa ama-platelet amaningi kakhulu, okunganciphisa inani lama-platelet egazini.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi une-thrombocytopenia? Ziyini izimpawu?

Uma ama-platelet ephansi, ikhono lawo lokumisa ukuphuma kwegazi liyancipha, ngakho-ke izimpawu ezahlukahlukene zingase zivele. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimpawu aziveli kuwo wonke umuntu. Abanye abantu bangase bangakhombisi zimpawu noma ngabe inani labo lama-platelet liphansi kancane. Kodwa-ke, uma inani lama-platelet lehla kakhulu, ungase ubone izinto ezinjengalezi:

• Ukuphuka kalula: Ngisho nokuphuka okuncane kungabangela ukuphuka okukhulu, okumnyama. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kuvele amabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emzimbeni.
• Amachashazi amancane abomvu/onsomi esikhumbeni (i-petechiae): Lawa amachashazi amancane egazi abukeka sengathi ahlatshwe ngenduku encane futhi awaphenduki abe mhlophe uma ecindezelwa. Ngokuvamile avele kuqala emilenzeni.
• Izinsini eziphuma igazi: Izinsini eziphuma igazi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uxubha amazinyo akho noma uma nje uthule.
• Ukopha igazi njalo.
• Kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthi ukopha kume ngemva kokulimala.
• Ukopha ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane.
• Akuvamile ukuthi kube negazi emchameni noma esitulweni.
• Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu (okungavamile), izimo eziyingozi njengokuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi kobuchopho zingavela.

Okubalulekile: Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, akusho ukuthi une-thrombocytopenia. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukubona udokotela ukuze uthole iseluleko.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi une-thrombocytopenia? (Ukuxilongwa)

Uma uya kudokotela, bazobuza ngezimpawu zakho futhi bakuhlole (ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ukuklwebheka noma ukubomvu). Bangase bacele ukuhlolwa okufana nalokhu ukuze bathole ukuthi une-thrombocytopenia yini, futhi uma kunjalo, yini ebangela lokhu:

• Ukubalwa Kwegazi Okuphelele (i-CBC): Lolu vivinyo olubaluleke kakhulu. Lulinganisa inani lamaseli abomvu, amaseli amhlophe, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ama-platelet egazini lakho. Inani lama-platelet elivamile kumuntu ophilile liphakathi kuka-150,000 no-450,000 nge-milliliter ngayinye yegazi. I-Thrombocytopenia ilapho leli nani liwela ngaphansi kuka-150,000.
• Ukuskena Kwegazi Okungaphandle: Kulokhu, kuthathwa ithonsi legazi bese lihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ama-platelet abukeka kanjani nokuthi makhulu kangakanani.
• Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe: Uma i-thrombocytopenia iqinisekisiwe, udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuthola imbangela. Isibonelo:
• Ukuhlolwa kokutheleleka ngegciwane.
• Ukuhlolwa okuhlobene nesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela (ukuhlola isimo esifana ne-ITP).
• Uma kudingeka, ukufuthwa/ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wethambo nakho kungenziwa. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula yomnkantsha wethambo ngenaliti encane bese uyihlola ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umnkantsha ukhiqiza ama-platelet kahle yini. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-thrombocytopenia?

Ukwelashwa kwe-thrombocytopenia kuncike embangela yokubalwa kwama-platelet aphansi, ukuthi inani lama-platelet liphansi kangakanani, kanye nobunzima bezimpawu zakho.

• Ukwelapha Imbangela: Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho imbangela eyinhloko ye-thrombocytopenia yelashwa, inani lama-platelet lizobuyela esimweni esijwayelekile. Isibonelo, uma umuthi ubangele inani eliphansi lama-platelet, ukuyeka umuthi kungasiza. Uma kuwukuntuleka kwamavithamini, ukuthatha amaphilisi amavithamini kungasiza.
• I-Thrombocytopenia Encane: Uma inani lama-platelet akho lingephansi kakhulu, futhi ungenazo izimpawu ezinkulu, ungase ungadingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi uhlolwe igazi njalo (ukuqapha).
• Ukwelashwa kwe-ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura):
• Ama-Steroids: Lawa anciphisa ukusebenza kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibhubhisa ama-platelet.
• I-Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG): Lokhu kuthinta futhi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela futhi kunciphisa ukubhujiswa kwama-platelet.
• Eminye imithi evimbela amasosha omzimba.
• Kwezinye izimo ezinzima kakhulu, i-splenectomy ingenziwa, njengoba i-spleen iyindawo eyinhloko yokubhujiswa kwama-platelet.
• Ukufakelwa Ama-Platelet: Uma inani lama-platelet liphansi kakhulu futhi kunengozi yokopha, ama-platelet anganikezwa ngaphandle. Kodwa-ke, lesi yisisombululo sesikhashana.

Okubalulekile: Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okufanele, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho.

Yini okufanele umuntu one-thrombocytopenia ayiqaphele?

Uma une-thrombocytopenia, kuwumqondo omuhle ukunakekela lezi zinto ukuze unciphise ingozi yokopha:

• Gwema ezemidlalo nemisebenzi engabangela ukulimala: Gwema imidlalo ehilela ukuthintana (isib. i-rugby, isibhakela).
• Qaphela lapho usebenzisa amathuluzi abukhali: Qaphela kakhulu lapho usebenzisa izinto ezifana nemimese nezikele.
• Sebenzisa ibhulashi lamazinyo elithambile uma uxubha amazinyo akho. Gwema ukulimaza izinsini zakho.
• Ungathathi imithi ethile ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho: Ungathathi imithi yokunciphisa igazi, ikakhulukazi i-aspirin noma i-ibuprofen, ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela wakho. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokopha.
• Nciphisa noma uyeke ngokuphelele ukuphuza utshwala.
• Gwema ukuqunjelwa: Yidla ukudla okune-fiber eningi (imifino, izithelo) futhi uphuze amanzi amaningi, njengoba ukuqunjelwa kungabangela ukopha lapho ucindezela.
• Tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uzwa ukopha okungajwayelekile, ikhanda elibuhlungu elibi, noma ezinye izimpawu ezintsha.

Okokugcina, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Nakuba igama elithi thrombocytopenia lingase lesabe, kuyisimo esingaphathwa kahle uma usazi, ubona udokotela ngesikhathi, futhi uthole ukwelashwa okufanele.

Khumbula:

* I-Thrombocytopenia ukwehla kwama-platelet egazini.

* Ama-platelet ayizingcezu ezincane zamaseli ezisiza ekumiseni ukopha.

* Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zalokhu.

* Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nokuphenduka kube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kalula noma ukopha kwezinsini, bona udokotela.

* Lokhu kungatholakala kalula ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa ngokuthi i-CBC.

* Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela kanye nobunzima besimo.

Ngakho-ke, uma wena noma othile omaziyo enenkinga efana nale, ungesabi, ungesabi, futhi funa iseluleko sezokwelapha. Ulwazi olufanele luyisivikelo esingcono kakhulu!

i-thrombocytopenia, i-thrombocytopenia, ama-platelet egazi, ama-platelet, ukopha, umongo wethambo, izimpawu zama-platelet aphansi, izimbangela zama-platelet aphansi