UNishan (oneminyaka engu-28) weza emtholampilo ngalolo suku ezizwa ecindezelekile futhi ekhungathekile. Lapho nje engena ekamelweni, wahlikihla intamo yakhe wabheka phansi, wahlala ethule isikhathi eside.
"Dokotela, ngifunde isihloko ku-inthanethi izolo ebusuku mayelana nencwadi kaRichard Dawkins ethi 'The Selfish Gene'. Ngokusho kwayo, sonke simane nje siyimishini, njengamarobhothi, eklanyelwe ukukhiqiza izakhi zofuzo, esebenza ngokwezakhi zofuzo zethu. Ubaba nomkhulu bami banomfutho wegazi ophakeme nesifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke lokho kusho ukuthi izakhi zofuzo zami zihlelwe ukuthi zingigulise ngendlela efanayo? Asinawo yini inkululeko yokulawula izimpilo zethu?" kubuza uNishan ngokwesaba okukhulu.
Ngabheka uNishan ngamomotheka ngozwela. "Nishan, ungesabi. URichard Dawkins, owabhala leyo ncwadi, wasebenzisa igama elithi 'ubugovu' njengesingathekiso sezilwane kuphela. Lokho akusho ukuthi asinayo inkululeko yokuphila. Nakuba izakhi zofuzo ziyisibonelo sezimpilo zethu, asiwona amarobhothi nje kuphela. Singakwazi ukulawula indlela izakhi zofuzo zethu ezisebenza ngayo ngemikhuba yethu enempilo, ukudla, kanye nenhlalakahle yengqondo. Kwisayensi yezokwelapha, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-epigenetics. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngobudlelwano phakathi kwalomqondo wesayensi wezakhi zofuzo zobugovu kanye nempilo yethu yangempela."
Ziyini izakhi zofuzo?
Izakhi zofuzo ziyikhodi ezincane zezinto eziphilayo eziqukethe imiyalelo eyimfihlo edingekayo ukwakha nokusebenza komzimba wethu wonke. Zitholakala kuma-molecule e-DNA ngaphakathi kwamaseli ethu.
Lezi zakhi zofuzo azinqumi nje umbala wamehlo ethu, ukuphakama, kanye nesikhumba sethu kuphela, kodwa futhi nendlela amasosha ethu omzimba alwa ngayo nezifo. Nakuba izakhi zofuzo zingase zibonakale njengezakhi zamakhemikhali ezingaphili, zingamandla amakhulu asekela ukuphila eMhlabeni.
Ingabe izakhi zofuzo azifi ngempela?
Njengabantu, sonke siyafa ngelinye ilanga. Imizimba yethu ayihlali ingunaphakade. Kodwa izakhi zofuzo ezingaphakathi emizimbeni yethu azifi. Zidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane ngabantwana bethu nabazukulu bethu.
Ezinye izakhi zofuzo zingaphila izigidi zeminyaka ngaphandle kokushintsha emizimbeni yezilwane nabantu. Yingakho uRichard Dawkins abize izakhi zofuzo ngokuthi “iziphindaphindi ezingafi.” Ukukhethwa kwemvelo kuqinisekisa ukuthi yilawo mazakhi zofuzo afaneleka kakhulu endaweni ezungezile futhi angadluliselwa ngempumelelo esizukulwaneni esilandelayo kuphela asindayo.
Imishini yezinto eziphilayo ethwala izakhi zofuzo (Imishini Yokusinda)
Ngokomqondo "wesakhi sofuzo esinobugovu," imizimba yethu, kokubili izilwane kanye nabantu, yenzelwe ukulondoloza nokudlulisela izakhi zofuzo zethu esizukulwaneni esilandelayo. UDawkins wabiza imizimba yethu ngokuthi "imishini yokusinda" yezakhi zofuzo.
- Ukudla: Sidla ukuze sithole amandla esiwadingayo ukuze silondoloze imizimba yethu futhi sivikele izakhi zofuzo zethu.
- Ukunakekelwa kwamachwane:Izilwane zenza konke okusemandleni azo ukuvikela amaphuphu azo, njengoba zithola u-50% wezakhi zofuzo zazo.
- Ukukhanga ngokocansi: Amaphikoko abonisa izimpaphe zawo ezinhle ukuze adonsele umngane wawo futhi adlulisele izakhi zofuzo zawo esizukulwaneni esilandelayo.
Ukuncintisana Nokubambisana Ekuguqukeni Kwemvelo
Ukusinda kokuphila kuwumncintiswano oqhubekayo. Lo mncintiswano uvame ukwenzeka phakathi kwezakhi zofuzo.
Umncintiswano phakathi kwengwenya nenyamazane
Izakhi zofuzo zengulule zizama ukuyinika amandla okugijima ngokushesha kanye nezinzipho ezibukhali. Ukuzengulule ikwazi ukubamba isisulu futhi isinde. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izakhi zofuzo zengulule zizama ukuyinika amandla okusabela ngokushesha kanye nekhono lokucasha. Ngakho-ke, izakhi zofuzo zezinhlangothi zombili zizama ukudlulana, futhi lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umjaho wezingalo oguqukayo.
Ukubambisana Kokuziphendukela Kwemvelo
Nakuba izakhi zofuzo zinobugovu, ngezinye izikhathi ukubambisana kubalulekile ukuze izakhi zofuzo zisinde. Isibonelo, lapho izinyosi zithulula impova ezimbalini, zimunca umpe. Ukubambisana phakathi kwenyosi nembali kusiza ekuqhubekiseni ngempumelelo izakhi zofuzo zombili izinhlangothi.
Izakhi zofuzo ze-Hox: Ama-capsule esikhathi semvelo
Izakhi zofuzo ze-Hox ziyiqembu elibaluleke kakhulu lezakhi zofuzo ezinquma isakhiwo somzimba (ikhanda, isiqu, izitho) zezilwane.
Lezi zakhi zofuzo zihlale zingashintshile kakhulu amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka. Ukufana phakathi kwezakhi zofuzo ze-Hox ezinquma ukuma komzimba wempukane kanye nezakhi zofuzo ze-Hox ezinquma ukuma komzimba womuntu kuye kwamangaza ngisho nososayensi. Lezi ziyizinhlayiya zemvelo zangempela, futhi lokhu kuwubufakazi obuqinile bokuthi konke ukuphila eMhlabeni kwavela kukhokho oyedwa.
Izakhi zofuzo zobugovu kanye nokuziphatha kwabantu
Ngemuva kweningi lokuziphatha kwethu kukhona imiyalelo enikezwa ubuchopho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhi zofuzo ziyasinda.
- Uthando lwabazali: Abazali bazimisele ukuzidela ngenxa yezingane zabo ngoba izakhi zofuzo zabo zikhona ezinganeni. Kuzakhi zofuzo, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukukhetha izihlobo".
- Uthando Nomshado: Uma sikhetha umlingani, ngokungazi sithambekele ekukhetheni umuntu onempilo futhi onesimiso somzimba esingcono sokuzivikela, ngenhloso yokuzala izingane eziqinile.
🚨 Izinyathelo zokuphepha kanye nezeluleko zezokwelapha
Uma kunezimo zofuzo ezenzeka emndenini wakho, kubalulekile ukuzazi.
Izimo lapho kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha futhi ucele iseluleko:
- Uma amalungu omndeni amaningana aseduze eke aba nomdlavuza, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, noma ukwehluleka kwezinso esemncane.
- Uma izinhlangothi zombili zomndeni wombhangqwana ofuna ukushada zinezinkinga zegazi ezizuzwe njenge-Thalassemia.
- Uma uhlangabezana nokuphuphuma kwezisu okuphindaphindiwe ngesikhathi ukhulelwe umntwana.
Okumele Ukwenze Nokungafanele Ukwenze
| ✔️ Izinto okufanele uzenze (Okufanele Uzenze) | ❌ Okungafanele ukwenze |
|---|---|
| Yazi kahle ngomlando womndeni wakho. | Ungesabi ukucabanga ukuthi ngoba nje kunezifo emndenini wakho, nawe uzothola isifo esifanayo. |
| Lawula imiphumela emibi yezakhi zofuzo ngokudla okunempilo kanye nendlela yokuphila esebenzayo. | Ungazicindezeli ngokungadingekile ngokucabanga ngezifo zofuzo ngaphandle kweseluleko sezokwelapha nokuhlolwa. |
| Uma kudingeka, funa ukwelulekwa ngofuzo ngokusekelwe ekwelulekweni kwezokwelapha. | Gwema ukweqa ukuhlolwa okunconywe udokotela wakho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. |
❓ Eminye imibuzo ongase ube nayo (Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo)
Ingabe i-gene yobugovu isho ukuthi sonke sizalwa sinobugovu ?
Cha. Igama elithi 'ubugovu' lisetshenziswa lapha ukuchaza ukuthambekela kwemvelo kwezakhi zofuzo kokudlulisela amakhophi azo esizukulwaneni esilandelayo, hhayi ukuchaza imicabango yabantu noma ukuziphatha kokuziphatha. Eqinisweni, le mbono ichaza ukuthi ukubambisana kanye nozwela phakathi kwabantu nezilwane kuvame ukusiza izakhi zofuzo ukuba zisinde.
Uma othile emndenini wami enesifo esibangelwa ufuzo, ingabe nami ngizosithola nakanjani? ▼
Cha. Nakuba umlando womndeni ungandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola isifo, awuqinisekisi ukuthi uzosithola ngo-100%. Izifo eziningi, njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, nesifo senhliziyo, zinezici eziningi. Okusho ukuthi, ngaphezu kwezakhi zofuzo, izici zangaphandle ezifana nendlela yakho yokuphila, ukudla, ukuzivocavoca, kanye nokucindezeleka nazo zinquma ukuthi lezo zakhi zofuzo ziyasebenza noma cha.
Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kungazibona izifo kusenesikhathi? ▼
Yebo. Ngokwesayensi yezokwelapha yamanje, ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kusetshenziswa isampula yegazi kungathola izifo ezizuzwe njengefa ongase ube sengozini yokuzithola esikhathini esizayo (isib. ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA1/BRCA2 okunquma ingozi yomdlavuza webele). Lokhu kutholwa kusenesikhathi kukuvumela ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo zezokwelapha ezidingekayo kanye nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila ukuze uvimbele lesi sifo.
Ingabe ukuhlela izakhi zofuzo ngobuchwepheshe obufana ne-CRISPR kuphephile? ▼
I-CRISPR-Cas9 ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu obungasika futhi buguqule i-DNA ngokunembile. Okwamanje ihlolwa ngokwezokwelapha ukuze yelaphe izifo ezibucayi zofuzo ezifana ne-hemophilia kanye ne-sickle cell anemia, ngempumelelo enkulu. Kodwa-ke, kusekhona ucwaningo lwesayensi oluqinile kanye nezinqubo zomthetho eziqhubekayo emhlabeni wonke mayelana nezinkinga zayo zokuphepha kanye nokuziphatha.
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