Ingabe nawe wesaba umdlavuza womphimbo? (Umdlavuza womphimbo) Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzwa ubuhlungu bomphimbo noma ushintsho ezwini lakho? Kungaba umkhuhlane noma okunye. Kodwa-ke, uma unezimpawu eziqhubekayo, kungumqondo omuhle ukukhathazeka kancane. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngomdlavuza womphimbo. Nakuba lesi kuyisihloko esesabekayo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela.

Uyini lo mdlavuza womphimbo?

Kalula nje, "umdlavuza womphimbo" ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza emphinjeni wakho, okwaziwa ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi "i-pharynx", noma i-larynx yakho, okuyingxenye yebhokisi lakho lezwi. Lokhu akuvamile kangako kunezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu eba nalesi simo, isikhathi esiningi izimila zomdlavuza zikhula engxenyeni ephakathi yomphimbo, "i-oropharynx", noma i-larynx.

Umdlavuza womphimbo uvame ukungabi nazimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala . Uma izimpawu zivela, zingafana nezifo ezivamile, ezingatheni kangako, njengomphimbo obuhlungu noma ubuhlungu bendlebe. Yingakho abanye abantu bephuza ukubona udokotela.

Kodwa-ke, uma unezimpawu ezingase zibonise umdlavuza womphimbo, ikakhulukazi uma zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili , ungazinaki. Iningi lomdlavuza womphimbo lingelashwa futhi lelapheke. Eminye ingelapheka ngokuphelele. Isihluthulelo ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi .

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zalesi simo?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza womphimbo. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

• Umdlavuza we-Oropharyngeal: Lokhu kwenzeka engxenyeni ephakathi yomphimbo wakho. Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza womphimbo oluvame kakhulu emazweni afana ne-United States.
• Umdlavuza we-Laryngeal: Lokhu kuthinta ibhokisi lakho lezwi, noma i-larynx. Ungaqala engxenyeni engenhla ye-larynx (umdlavuza we-supraglottic), engxenyeni ephakathi lapho kukhona khona izintambo zezwi (umdlavuza we-glottic), noma engxenyeni engezansi (umdlavuza we-subglottic).
• Umdlavuza we-Hypopharyngeal: Lokhu kwakha engxenyeni yomphimbo wakho ngaphezu komhubhe wakho kanye nomphimbo womoya.
• Umdlavuza we-nasopharyngeal: Lokhu kuvela engxenyeni yomphimbo wakho ngemuva kwekhala lakho.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza womphimbo?

Izimpawu zomdlavuza womphimbo zivame ukufana nezezinye izimo ezingatheni kangako, njengomkhuhlane noma ukungezwani komzimba. Izimpawu zezifo ezincane ezinjalo zivame ukuphela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, uma zingelashwa, izimpawu zomdlavuza womphimbo zizoqhubeka ziba zimbi kakhulu, hhayi zibe ngcono .

Lezi yizimpawu zomdlavuza womphimbo:

• Umphimbo obuhlungu (njengomphimbo obuhlungu)
• Ubuhlungu bendlebe (bungazwakala njengobuhlungu bendlebe)
• Ubunzima bokugwinya noma ubuhlungu lapho ugwinya
• Iqhubu entanyeni, emphinjeni, noma ngemuva komlomo
• Izinguquko zezwi, njengokushoshozela
• Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo noma ukukhwehlela igazi
• Ukwehla kwesisindo (ngokuvamile ngenxa yobunzima bokudla nokugwinya)

Uma unalezi zimpawu isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, bonana nodokotela ukuze akhulume ngazo. Bangakwazi ukuthola ukuthi yini ngempela inkinga yakho.

Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza womphimbo?

Izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza womphimbo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi umdlavuza ukuphi . Isibonelo, izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza we-oropharyngeal zingase zihlanganise iqhubu entanyeni, ubuhlungu bendlebe, kanye nobuhlungu lapho ugwinya. Uphawu lokuqala oluvamile lomdlavuza we-laryngeal ukushoshozela okuqhubekayo.

Ngokuvamile, umdlavuza womphimbo awubonisi zimpawu ezigabeni zawo zokuqala. Ngesikhathi uqala ukubona izinguquko, umdlavuza kungenzeka ukuthi usuvele uthuthukile. Yingakho kubalulekile ukubona udokotela uma izimpawu zakho zingathuthuki phakathi namasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu.

Yiziphi izimbangela zomdlavuza womphimbo?

Umdlavuza womphimbo uvela lapho kuba nezinguquko ezakhiweni zofuzo (izinguquko zofuzo) emaselini asemphinjeni wakho. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kubangela ukuthi amaseli aphilile aqale ukukhula futhi abe amaseli omdlavuza. Uma engelashwa, la maseli omdlavuza angasakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Abacwaningi basazama ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela lezi zinguquko.

Izinto Eziyingozi

Kunezici eziningana ezandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza womphimbo. Masiqaphele nazo.

• Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa eminye imikhiqizo kagwayi: Isici esiyinhloko nesinkulu sengozi yokuthola umdlavuza womphimbo ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi .
• Ukutheleleka kwe-HPV: I-Human Papillomavirus (HPV) iyigciwane elingadluliselwa ngocansi lomlomo. Emazweni athuthukile, i-HPV iyimbangela ehamba phambili yomdlavuza omusha womphimbo.
• Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile: Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi eminye imidlavuza yomphimbo ihlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kotshwala. Ingozi iphakeme nakakhulu uma usebenzisa nogwayi.
• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-Epstein-Barr: Leli gciwane, elibangela i-mononucleosis (i-mono), lingandisa nengozi yomdlavuza womphimbo. (Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi lithinte umdlavuza we-nasopharyngeal.)
• Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezinobuthi: Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezintweni ezibangela umdlavuza njenge-asbestos, uthuli lwezinkuni, kanye ne-formaldehyde nakho kwandisa ingozi.
• Ukudla ukudla okuthile okuningi kakhulu noma okuncane kakhulu: Ukudla inyama egciniwe kakhulu nokungadli imifino nezithelo ezanele nakho kwandisa ingozi.

Unganciphisa kanjani ingozi?

Nakuba kungekho ndlela yokuvimbela ngokuphelele umdlavuza womphimbo, kunezinto ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho:

• Ungasebenzisi ugwayi noma eminye imikhiqizo kagwayi. (Uma ubhema, cela usizo kudokotela wakho lokuyeka.)
• Thola umuthi wokugomela i-HPV.
• Gwema utshwala ngokuphelele noma ubuphuze ngokulinganisela.
• Yidla ukudla okucebile ngemifino, izithelo, kanye nokudla okusanhlamvu okuphelele, njengokudla kwaseMedithera.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lesi simo?

Odokotela basebenzisa izivivinyo eziningana ukuxilonga umdlavuza womphimbo. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Udokotela wakho uzobheka izimpawu zomdlavuza womphimbo, njengeqhubu entanyeni yakho, futhi uzobuza ngemikhuba yakho ekhulisa ingozi yakho, njengokubhema.
• Ukuhlolwa kusetshenziswa i-endoscope: Udokotela wakho angafaka ithubhu elincane elifakwe ikhamera elibizwa ngokuthi i-scope emphinjeni wakho ukuze ahlole umdlavuza womphimbo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-endoscopy. Uma i-larynx ihlolwa, ibizwa ngokuthi i-laryngoscopy.
• I-Biopsy: Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-endoscopy, udokotela angase athathe ucezu lwezicubu ezisolisayo aluthumele elabhorethri ukuze ahlole amangqamuzana omdlavuza. I-biopsy iyindlela kuphela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi unomdlavuza womphimbo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: I-CT scan kanye ne-MRI kungabonisa ukuthi unomdlavuza emphinjeni wakho kanye nasemphinjeni. I-PET scan ingabonisa nokuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke ngale komphimbo.

Ukuhlolwa kwesigaba somdlavuza

Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza kuvumela odokotela ukuthi banqume ukuthi umdlavuza womphimbo usukhule futhi wasakazeka kangakanani. Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokuxilonga. Indlela lezi zigaba eziqanjwa ngayo iyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza. Umdlavuza womphimbo uvame ukuhlukaniswa njengesigaba I (esokuqala) - esithuthuke kancane - kuya esigabeni IV (esine) - esithuthuke kakhulu futhi sisakazeke.

Isibonelo, umdlavuza womphimbo weSigaba I usho ukuthi isimila sincane futhi asikasabalali kuma-lymph node noma kwezinye izicubu. Umdlavuza weSigaba IV kungenzeka ukuthi ususabalale (wasakazeka) kwezinye izindawo.

Umdlavuza womphimbo welashwa kanjani?

Odokotela basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha umdlavuza womphimbo. Uma ubhema, bangase bakucebise ukuthi uyeke ukubhema ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa komdlavuza. Lokhu kuzokwandisa impumelelo yokwelashwa futhi kunciphise ingozi yemiphumela emibi.

Ukuhlinzwa

Umgomo oyinhloko wokuhlinzwa ukususa umdlavuza omningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngenkathi ulondoloza ikhono lakho lokuphefumula, lokukhuluma, nokugwinya. Udokotela wakho angasusa amaqhubu amancane ngenkathi ethatha izicubu ukuze ahlolwe i-biopsy. Kumaqhubu amakhulu, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlinzwe i-laryngectomy, noma uvule ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe ingxenye noma lonke ibhokisi lakho lezwi. Ungadinga futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwentamo ukuze kususwe ama-lymph node lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza esakazeke khona.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe

Ukwelashwa okuvamile kakhulu komdlavuza womphimbo ukwelashwa ngemisebe, okusebenzisa umshini ukuthumela imisebe yamandla enamandla aphezulu ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kungase kwanele izimila ezincane ezingakasabalali. Noma, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kunganikezwa kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njengokuhlinzwa noma i-chemotherapy.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kusebenzisa imithi ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Odokotela bavame ukusebenzisa ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe ndawonye ukwelapha umdlavuza womphimbo. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa izimila ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa nokubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe kanye nokwelashwa nge-immunotherapy

Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukwelashwa okuqondiwe noma ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy, okungavami ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kumdlavuza womphimbo. Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe kusebenza ngokuvimbela amaprotheni asetshenziswa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuze akhule. Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy kusebenza ngokwenza amasosha omzimba wakho asebenze ukuze alwe nomdlavuza.

Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukunconywa kubantu abanomdlavuza womphimbo othuthukile kanye nabantu abanomdlavuza obuye wavela ngemva kokwelashwa.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unezimpawu zekhanda noma zentamo ezingachazeki ezingathuthuki ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, hlela isikhathi sokubonana nodokotela. Ungesabi, ucabange ukuthi umdlavuza. Kodwa ungathathi amathuba. Tshela udokotela wakho ngalokho obhekene nakho.

Yini engingayilindela uma nginomdlavuza womphimbo?

Umphumela wakho, noma isibikezelo, kuncike ezintweni eziningi ezihlukile kuwe. Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bangelapha umdlavuza womphimbo ongakasabalali ezicutshini eziseduze noma kuma-lymph node. Kodwa-ke, umdlavuza osabalele kunzima kakhulu ukuwulapha. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi uphinde ubuye ngemva kokwelashwa.

Impilo yakho iyonke, indawo lapho kukhona khona iqhubu elinomdlavuza, nokuthi ngabe uke watheleleka yini nge-HPV nakho kubalulekile. Umdlavuza womphimbo ohlobene ne-HPV ubonakala usabela kangcono ekwelashweni kunezinye izinhlobo.

Lingakanani izinga lokusinda komdlavuza womphimbo?

Amazinga okusinda komdlavuza abonisa ukuthi bangaki abantu abaphilayo eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva kokuxilongwa. Endabeni yomdlavuza womphimbo, amazinga okusinda ayahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo, indawo, kanye nesigaba somdlavuza.

Isibonelo, cishe abantu abayi-7 kwabayi-10 abanomdlavuza womlomo noma womphimbo bazophila iminyaka emihlanu ngemva kokutholakala benawo. Kodwa-ke, uma umdlavuza ungasakazekanga, lelo nani lehla liye cishe ku-8 noma ku-9 kwabayi-10. Yiqiniso, lezi zibalo zenzelwe umphakathi jikelele. Azivezi izici ezithile ezihlobene nokuxilongwa kwakho.

Udokotela wakho wazi kangcono kunanoma ubani ukuthi lezi zibalo zizokuthinta kanjani. Mbuze ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwakho kuzokuthinta kanjani isikhathi sakho sokuphila.

Ingabe kukhona engingakwenza ukuze ngizizwe ngingcono?

Uma welashwa umdlavuza womphimbo, ungase udinge usizo lokulawula imiphumela yesikhathi eside. Kokubili ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye nokuhlinzwa kungathinta ikhono lakho lokugwinya, ukukhuluma, nokuzwa. Ukuvuselelwa ngodokotela wezifo zolimi lokukhuluma kungaba yinto ebalulekile ekululameni kwakho. Uma ukhathazekile ngokubukeka kwakho ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ungase udinge ukuhlinzwa okwakha kabusha.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi akuncome ukunakekelwa kokunciphisa ubuhlungu ukuze kukusize uphathe imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa. Ngokungafani nokunakekelwa kwe-hospice, ukunakekelwa kokunciphisa ubuhlungu kuyisevisi ongayithola kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umdlavuza wakho ungakanani noma ukuthi unesifo esingakanani.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Izimpawu zomdlavuza womphimbo zivame ukubonakala kwezinye izimo, njengomkhuhlane, izifo, kanye nokungezwani komzimba. Ngakho-ke, uma ngokuzumayo uzwa izwi elihoshozelayo futhi ungakwazi ukuthola ukuthi kungani, ungesabi. Kodwa-ke, uma isimo singathuthuki ngesonto noma amabili, sekuyisikhathi sokubona udokotela. Okwamanje, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yomdlavuza womphimbo ngokugwema ukusebenzisa ugwayi nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-HPV. Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha manje kungakuvikela ekubeni nomdlavuza womphimbo kamuva.

Umdlavuza womphimbo, izimpawu zomdlavuza, i-HPV, ukubhema, umdlavuza we-laryngeal, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, iseluleko sezokwelapha