Ingabe kuthatha isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile ukuthi ukusikeka okuncane kumise ukuphuma kwegazi? Noma ingabe izinsini zakho ziyaphuma igazi uma uxubha amazinyo akho? Mhlawumbe unemivimbo emzimbeni wakho engabonakali ibangelwa yilutho. Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokwehla kwenani lama-platelet emzimbeni wakho. Ngokwezokwelapha, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-Thrombocytopenia. Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale lingavamile, lesi yisimo esivamile phakathi kwethu. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngale Thrombocytopenia ethinta abantu abaningi kodwa engaziwa kahle. Ungakhathazeki, sizokhuluma ngakho konke kalula nangokucacile.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-Thrombocytopenia?
Kulungile, ake siqale siqonde ukuthi ayini ama-platelet. Cabanga ukuthi kunezingcezu ezincane 'ze-plaster' ezigijima ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-platelet. Akhiqizwa emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukuqoqana ngokushesha endaweni yokulimala bese enza ihlule legazi ukuze kumiswe ukopha. Kufana nokuvala imbobo odongeni.
I-Thrombocytopenia yilapho inani lama-platelet egazini lakho liphansi kunejwayelekile. Kwenzekani uma lokho kwenzeka? 'I-plaster' evimba ukuphuma kwegazi ayisanele. Ngakho-ke ngisho nesilonda esincane singopha igazi kakhulu, futhi kungathatha isikhathi eside ukuvimba ukuphuma kwegazi.
Esikhathini esiningi, lesi simo sibangelwa esinye isimo sezokwelapha, njengesifo sokuzivikela komzimba, noma njengomphumela ongemuhle wemithi ethile esiyithathayo. Into engcono kakhulu ukuthi uma imbangela isitholakele, ingelashwa futhi inani lama-platelet lingabuyiselwa esimweni esijwayelekile.
Isilinganiso seplatelet egazini silinganiswa kanjani? Amazinga ajwayelekile nangavamile
Uma senza ukuhlolwa kwegazi (Inani Eligcwele Legazi), singalazi inani eliqondile lama-platelet. Ngokuvamile, umuntu omdala onempilo unama-platelet angu-150,000 kuya ku-450,000 nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi. Ku-thrombocytopenia, leli nani liyehla. Sihlukanisa ubukhulu besimo ngokwenani lokwehla.
| Isimo | Inani lamaplatelet (nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi) |
|---|---|
| Izinga elimaphakathi | 150,000 - 450,000 |
| I-Thrombocytopenia encane | 101,000 - 140,000 |
| I-Thrombocytopenia Ephakathi | 51,000 - 100,000 |
| I-Thrombocytopenia Enzima | Ngaphansi kuka-51,000 |
Esikhathini esiningi, abantu abanokuntuleka okuncane kwezakhi zofuzo ababonisi izimpawu ezinkulu. Kodwa uma kufinyelela ezingeni elibucayi, kudingeka siqaphele.
Ungazi kanjani ukuthi une-thrombocytopenia? Qaphela lezi zimpawu
Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazimpawu ngisho noma benomthamo wama-platelet ophansi kancane. Kodwa uma kuvela izimpawu, zingase zihlanganise: Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ukuze uthole iseluleko.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuphuka kalula | Imivimbo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsomi ivela emzimbeni ngaphandle kokulimala. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuphuma kwegazi okuncane ngaphansi kwesikhumba. |
| Izinsini eziphuma igazi | Izinsini zingopha igazi hhayi kuphela uma uxubha amazinyo akho, kodwa futhi nalapho umi lapho nje. |
| Ukopha ekhaleni | Ukopha ekhaleni njalo ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile. |
| Amabala amancane abomvu/onsomi esikhumbeni (i-Petechiae) | Amabala amancane abomvu ahlabayo avela ngaphansi kwesikhumba, ngokuvamile emilenzeni engezansi. Lawa angase abukeke njengokuqhuma. |
| Ukopha okukhulu kokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane | Ukuya esikhathini okuhlala isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile noma ukopha kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. |
| Igazi esitulweni | Uma uphuma indle emnyama noma ebomvu kakhulu, kungaba uphawu lokopha emgudwini wokugaya ukudla. |
| Igazi emchameni | Uma umchamo uphenduka upinki noma ubomvu, lokho kuyisibonakaliso okufanele ukhathazeke ngaso. |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela bese ucela iseluleko, kunokuba ulahle lesi sibonakaliso ngokuthi "kungaba yinto ehlukile nje."
Kungani ama-platelet egazi ehla kanje? Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko?
Izimbangela zama-platelet aphansi egazini zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko.
1. Ukungakhiqizwa ngokwanele kwama-platelet ngomnkantsha: Kunenkinga ngomnkantsha, okuwumfektri wethu wama-platelet, okubangela ukwehla kokukhiqizwa.
2. Ama-platelet akhiqizwayo ayabhujiswa noma asetshenziswe emzimbeni: Ifektri isebenza kahle, kodwa ama-platelet akhiqizwayo ayaphuka ngokushesha ngesizathu esithile.
3. Ukugcinwa kwama-platelet: I-spleen iyisitho esitholakala ohlangothini olungaphezulu kwesobunxele lwesisu sethu. Ngezinye izikhathi ibamba ama-platelet amaningi kunalokho okufanele, iwavimbele ekukhishweni egazini.
Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izizathu eziqondile zalokhu.
- Izifo Ezizimele: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu luhlasela futhi lubhubhise ama-platelet ethu egazi. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi izimo ezifana ne-`(Immune Thrombocytopenia - ITP)`, `(Lupus)`, kanye ne-`(Rheumatoid Arthritis)`.
- Umdlavuza Wegazi: Umdlavuza ofana ne-Leukemia kanye ne-Lymphoma ungalimaza umongo wethambo futhi unciphise ukukhiqizwa kwama-platelet egazi.
- Ukwelashwa komdlavuza:Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe, okubulala umdlavuza, kungalimaza hhayi kuphela amangqamuzana omdlavuza, kodwa futhi namangqamuzana anempilo emnkantsheni wamathambo.
- Ezinye izifo: Ukutheleleka ngegciwane njenge-dengue, kanye nezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, kunganciphisa okwesikhashana inani lama-platelet egazini.
- Imithi: Amanye ama-antibiotic, imithi yokunciphisa igazi njenge-heparin, kanye nemithi yokuxhuzula nakho kungabangela ama-platelet egazi aphansi njengomphumela ongemuhle.
- Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile: Utshwala kunciphisa ukusebenza komnkantsha wamathambo futhi kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-platelet egazini.
- Ukukhulelwa: Abanye besifazane abakhulelwe bangase babe nokwehla okuncane kwama-platelet, ikakhulukazi eduze nesikhathi sokubeletha. Lokhu kuvame ukubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile ngemva kokubeletha.
- Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali anobuthi: Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezintweni ezifana ne-arsenic, i-benzene, kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane nakho kungabangela lokhu.
Ingabe lokhu kuyinto okufanele uyesabe? Izinkinga ezingaba khona
Iningi labantu line-thrombocytopenia encane noma ephakathi. Ayibangeli monakalo omkhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma inani lama-platelet libi kakhulu , okungukuthi, uma inani lehla ngaphansi kuka-20,000, kukhona ingozi ethile.
- Ukopha kwangaphakathi: Lena yinkinga enkulu kakhulu. Ukopha kungenzeka emgudwini wokugaya ukudla noma ebuchosheni. Ukopha ebuchosheni kuyisimo esisongela impilo esidinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo: Akuvamile kakhulu, lesi simo singabangela ukuthi ukugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni kuvimbeke.
Lezi zinto zenzeka kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma unezimpawu, ukubona udokotela kusenesikhathi nokuthola ukwelashwa kungavimbela izimo ezinjalo ezimbi kakhulu.
Ukuthola kanjani lokhu, Dokotela?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzoqala akubuze ngezimpawu zakho, imithi oyiphuzayo, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nezimo ezifanayo. Ngemuva kwalokho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba ukuze ahlole imivimbo, amabala abomvu, njll.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenziwa izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa:
- Ukubalwa Kwegazi Okuphelele (i-CBC): Lokhu ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo nokubaluleke kakhulu. Akugcini nje ngokuhlola inani lama-platelet, kodwa futhi nenani lamaseli abomvu egazi kanye namaseli amhlophe egazi.
- Ukuskena Kwegazi Okungaphandle: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ithonsi legazi bese ulibheka ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Ungathola umbono ngesimo sama-platelet ngokubheka ukuma kwawo nobukhulu bawo.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi Eligobile:Ukuhlolwa okukala ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi igazi lakho lijiye. `(PT)` kanye `(PTT)` yizivivinyo ezimbili ezinjalo.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Bone Marrow Biopsy: Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi inani eliphansi lama-platelet akho libangelwa inkinga ngomnkantsha wakho, angase acele lolu hlolo. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane yomnkantsha ethanjeni lakho le-hip bese uyihlola.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Ukwelashwa kuncike ekutheni inani lama-platelet akho liphansi kangakanani nokuthi yini imbangela.
Ngezinye izikhathi, uma inani lama-platelet akho liphansi kancane futhi ungenazo izimpawu, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukukubheka nje ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
Kodwa uma kudingeka ukwelashwa, izinto ezinjengalezi zivame ukwenziwa:
- Ukwelapha imbangela eyinhloko: Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Isibonelo, uma inani lama-platelet akho liphansi ngenxa yemithi oyithathayo, udokotela wakho uzowushintsha lowo muthi. Uma kungenxa yokutheleleka, bazowelapha.
- Ama-Steroids: Le mithi ingalawula ukusebenza kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ngezinga elithile futhi inciphise ukubhujiswa kwama-platelet egazi.
- Ukufakwa Kwegazi: Uma inani lama-platelet akho liphansi kakhulu futhi usengozini yokopha, ungathola ukufakelwa kwama-platelet angaphandle. Kodwa-ke, lesi yisisombululo sesikhashana.
- Ukususwa kwe-spleenectomy: Uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingaphumeleli futhi kutholakale ukuthi i-spleen ibamba inani elikhulu lama-platelet, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukususa i-spleen ngokuhlinzwa. Kuzodingeka uthole imijovo edingekayo kusengaphambili, njengoba kunengozi enkulu yokutheleleka ngemva kokususwa kwe-spleen.
Izinto Ongazenza Uma Uphila Ne-Thrombocytopenia
Uma unalesi simo, kunezinto eziningana ongazenza wena ukuze unciphise ukopha kanye nokuklwebheka.
- Ungathathi imithi yobuhlungu ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela: Amanye ama-painkiller, njenge-`(Aspirin)` kanye ne-`(Ibuprofen),` anganciphisa kakhulu ikhono legazi lokujiya. Ngakho-ke, buza udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi.
- Gwema imisebenzi engabangela ukulimala: Kungcono ukugwema imidlalo yokuxhumana efana ne-rugby nebhola, kanye nokuphakamisa izinsimbi. Kunalokho, ungagxila ekuzivocavoceni okuphephile njengokubhukuda nokuhamba. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu bese ukhetha okulungele wena.
- Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, utshwala buphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-platelet. Ngakho-ke uma uphuza utshwala, yenza kanjalo ngokulinganisela.
- Qaphela lapho uxubha amazinyo akho:Sebenzisa ibhulashi lamazinyo elithambile. Hlanza amazinyo akho ngokucophelela ukuze ugweme ukulimaza izinsini zakho.
- Hamba ngokuphepha: Gqoka ibhande lesihlalo njalo uma uhamba ngemoto.
- Yazisa abanye odokotela: Uma uya kudokotela wamazinyo noma uhlinzwa okunye, qiniseka ukuthi uyabazisa labo dokotela ukuthi une-thrombocytopenia kanye nemithi oyiphuzayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Thrombocytopenia yisimo lapho inani lama-platelet egazini liphansi kunokuvamile. Lokhu kungaholela ekuphumeni kwegazi kalula kanye nokushayeka.
- Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokuphuma kwegazi ezinsinini, ukuklwebheka ngezikhathi ezithile, noma amabala abomvu esikhumbeni sakho, ungazinaki.
- Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zalesi simo, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola imbangela efanele bese uyelapha.
- Uma unalezi zimpawu, ungesabi futhi ubone udokotela wakho ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze akunike iseluleko. Uma usheshe ukukubona, kuba lula ukulawula.
- Ngokulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha nokwenza izinguquko ezincane endleleni yokuphila, ungaphila impilo enhle ngalesi simo.
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