Uma ilanga likhanya eSri Lanka yethu, liyakhanya ngempela, akunjalo? Abaningi bethu bayalithanda ilanga. Asikwazi ukwenza izinto ezifana nokudlala ngaphandle, ukusebenza, ukuya ogwini lolwandle, nokudlala ikhilikithi ngaphandle kwalo. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi kukhona okuthile kulokhu kukhanya kwelanga okunobungane amehlo ethu angenakukubona, kodwa okungasilungele isikhumba sethu? Yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho namuhla. Lokhu kungaba yinto ezobaluleka impilo yakho yonke.
Iyini imisebe ye-UV?
Kalula nje, imisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV) uhlobo lwamandla akhishwa yilanga. Le misebe ayibonakali emehlweni ethu ngoba ubude bayo be-wavelength bufushane kunokukhanya okuvamile.
Cabanga nje, lapho la mandla e-UV avela elangeni efika emhlabeni, asiza imizimba yethu ukuthi yenze i-vitamin D. Kubalulekile kithi ukuze sisinde. Kodwa inkinga iwukuthi, okuningi kakhulu akukuhle, futhi kunjalo nalokhu. Ukuchayeka kakhulu emisebeni ye-UV kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba. Le misebe ye-UV ayikhishwa yilanga kuphela, kodwa futhi neminye imithombo yokukhanya eyenziwe, ikakhulukazi leyo esetshenziselwa ukushisisa isikhumba, njengemibhede yokushisisa isikhumba.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zemisebe ye-UV:
Le misebe ye-UV ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe kubude bayo be-wavelength. Ngayinye yazo ithinta isikhumba sethu ngendlela ehlukile. Ake sibheke ukuthi iyini.
| Uhlobo lwemisebe ye-UV | Umphumela esikhumbeni |
|---|---|
| Imisebe ye-UVA | Lezi yizimbangela eziyinhloko zokushwabana kwesikhumba, ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba (ukunsundu), kanye nokusha kwesikhumba. Ukuchayeka kulezi zinto isikhathi eside kungabangela umdlavuza wesikhumba. |
| imisebe ye-UVB | Lokhu kulimaza izingqimba zangaphandle zesikhumba. Kungabangela amabala elanga, ubumnyama besikhumba, kanye nokuqhakaza. Lo monakalo ungaholela nomdlavuza wesikhumba esikhathini esizayo. |
| Imisebe ye-UVC | Asinaso isifiso esikhulu sokukhathazeka ngalolu hlobo, ngoba imisebe ye-UVC cishe imuncwa ngokuphelele umoya woMhlaba. Ngakho-ke, imisebe ye-UVA ne-UVB kuphela efika phansi. |
Kwenzekani esikhumbeni sakho uma ushiswa yilanga?
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukuchayeka kancane elangeni kwenza isikhumba sakho sibukeke sihle futhi sinempilo. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi, ukuchayeka elangeni kungashintsha umbala wesikhumba sakho, kusheshise inqubo yokuguga, futhi kwandise ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza. Nazi ezinye izinto ezingase zenzeke esikhumbeni sakho:
- Umdlavuza wesikhumba .
- Ukushwabana kwesikhumba .
- Amabala .
- Amabala esibindi ayenzeka njengoba sikhula.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imisebe yelanga ye-UV ilimaza imicu ye-elastin esikhumbeni sethu. Cabanga ngayo njengebhande elisha lerabha. Inwebeka kahle futhi ibuyele esimweni sayo sokuqala. Kodwa kwenzekani uma isigugile? Ilahlekelwa ukunwebeka kwayo futhi iphuke kalula. Yilokho okwenzeka esikhumbeni sethu. Lapho imicu ye-elastin iphuka, isikhumba siqala ukugoba nokwelula. Iphinde ivuvuke futhi idabuke kalula, futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuba inxeba liphole.
Ngakho-ke noma ungaboni umonakalo omkhulu welanga usemusha, uzobona imiphumela yalo njengoba ukhula.
Ukuze uchaze kabanzi izinguquko zesikhumba ezihlobene nelanga:
- Izilonda ezingaphambi komdlavuza kanye nokukhula komdlavuza kungakhula kube umdlavuza. Isibonelo yi -Actinic Keratosis .
- Ukuvela kwezimila zesikhumba.
- Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba, amabala noma ukuphuzi kwesikhumba.
- Imithambo yegazi emincane esikhumbeni iqala ukuvela ebusweni (i-Telangiectasias) .
- Ukushwabana kwesikhumba (i-Elastosis) ngenxa yokulimala kwemicu ye-elastin.
- Ukulimala kwamehlo, isibonelo i-cataracts noma i-macular degeneration.
- Ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Imisebe ye-UV iwubangela kanjani umdlavuza?
Lokhu kulula kakhulu ukukuqonda. Uma sibhekene nemisebe ye-UV eningi kakhulu, leyo misebe ilimaza amangqamuzana ethu esikhumba. Ngaphakathi kweseli ngalinye kune -molecule ye-DNA . Le DNA ifana nohlelo lwekhompyutha. Iqukethe yonke imiyalelo yokuthi iseli kufanele likhule kanjani nokuthi kufanele lenzeni.
Imisebe ye-UV ihlasela ngqo le DNA. Bese leyo DNA yonakala. Kufana negciwane elihlasela uhlelo lwekhompyutha. Khona-ke amaseli awakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wawo kahle. Aqala ukuhlukana nokwanda ngokungalawuleki, ngokushesha okukhulu. La maseli ahlukana ngendlela engavamile ayahlangana ukuze akhe amathumba . La mathumba angaba nomdlavuza noma angabi nawo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi imbangela eyinhloko yomdlavuza wesikhumba imisebe ye-UV evela elangeni. Futhi khumbula, ukuchayeka elangeni ebusika kuyingozi njengasehlobo.
Ukuchayeka elangeni iminyaka eminingi kungaholela ku- basal cell carcinoma kanye ne-squamous cell carcinoma . Kodwa-ke, uma uthola ukushiswa yilanga okukhulu kanye nama-blisters esikhumbeni sakho okungenani kanye empilweni yakho, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokuba uneminyaka engu-18, kungaholela ekukhuleni kwe-Melanoma , uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba oluyingozi kakhulu, esikhathini esizayo.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wesikhumba?
Umdlavuza wesikhumba ukukhula okungalawuleki kwamangqamuzana esikhumba. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wesikhumba:
1. I-Basal Cell Carcinoma
2. I-Squamous Cell Carcinoma
3. I -Melanoma
Kulezi, i-basal cell kanye ne-squamous cell yizinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu (ezihlanganisa u-95% wazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesikhumba). Lezi zibhekwa njengomdlavuza ongeyona i-melanoma , okusho ukuthi zingelapheka ngokuphelele uma zitholakala futhi zelashwa kusenesikhathi .
Kodwa-ke, i-Melanoma uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba oluyingozi kakhulu nolubi kakhulu oluqala kumaseli abizwa ngokuthi "ama-melanocytes" anika isikhumba umbala waso. I-Melanoma iyimbangela yokufa okungu-75% komdlavuza wesikhumba. Uma ingelashwa, lo mdlavuza ungasakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuwulawula.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba?
Noma ubani angaba nomdlavuza wesikhumba ngenxa yemisebe ye-UV, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancane.
- Kulabo abanesikhumba esimhlophe kakhulu
- Kulabo abanezibazi eziningi esikhumbeni sabo
- Kulabo abanesikhumba esiphenduka sibe bomvu futhi sisha kalula uma bevezwa elangeni
- Kulabo abanamehlo anombala okhanyayo (oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okotshani)
- Kulabo abanezinwele ezimhloshana noma ezibomvu
Nasi iphuzu elibalulekile. Abantu abafana nathi abanesikhumba esimnyama basengozini encane yokuthola umdlavuza wesikhumba kunalabo abanesikhumba esikhanyayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umbala we -melanin esikhumbeni sethu ngokwemvelo uhlinzeka ngesivikelo esithile emisebeni ye-UV. Kodwa-ke, lokho akusho ukuthi asitholi umdlavuza wesikhumba.Abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama nabo bangaba nomdlavuza wesikhumba, ngakho-ke ukuvikelwa kubaluleke ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke umuntu.
Ngaphezu kombala wesikhumba, kunezinye izici eziyingozi:
- Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho eseke waba nomdlavuza wesikhumba ngaphambili.
- Uma usebenza ngaphandle elangeni isikhathi eside (isib. abalimi, abasebenzi bezokwakha).
- Uma uhlala endaweni enesimo sezulu esinelanga.
- Uma wake washiswa yilanga kakhulu empilweni yakho.
- Uma unezimpawu zokuzalwa ezinkulu, ezingafani emzimbeni wakho.
Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wesikhumba?
Isibonakaliso esivame kakhulu sesixwayiso somdlavuza wesikhumba ukushintsha kwesikhumba . Lokhu kungaba yimvukuzane entsha, iqhubu esikhumbeni, isilonda esingeke siphole, noma ushintsho kumvukuzane okhona.
- I-Basal Cell Carcinoma: Lokhu kuvame ukubonakala njengeqhubu elincane, elibushelelezi, elifana neparele noma elifana ne-wax elivela ebusweni noma entanyeni. Ngezinye izikhathi lingabonakala futhi njengebala eliyisicaba, elipinki/elibomvu noma elinsundu.
- I-Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Lokhu kungabonakala njengeqhubu eliqinile, elibomvu noma ibala eliyisicaba eliqinile, elinamaqhubu, esikhumbeni. Lokhu kungase kulume, kophe igazi, futhi kube noqweqwe.
- I-Melanoma: Lokhu kuvame ukuqala njengebala noma iqhubu elinombala (elimnyama, elinsundu). Nakuba kungase kubonakale njengophawu lokuzalwa olujwayelekile ekuqaleni, i-melanoma ivame ukuba nesimo esingajwayelekile, umphetho, nombala.
Indlela ye-ABCDE yokuxilonga i-melanoma
Kukhona indlela elula kakhulu yokukusiza ukuthi uthole i-melanoma, umdlavuza wesikhumba oyingozi, kusenesikhathi. Ibizwa ngokuthi umthetho we-ABCDE . Uma ubheka ama-moles esikhumbeni sakho, khumbula lezi zinto.
| Incwadi | Incazelo (bheka ukuthi lezi zici zikhona yini) |
|---|---|
| A - Ukungalingani | Uma indawo ihlukaniswe phakathi, uhlangothi olulodwa ngeke lufane nolunye. |
| B - Umngcele | Unqenqema lwendawo alucaci, luba lubi, lugobile, noma lufiphele. |
| C - Umbala | Ibala aliyona umbala owodwa kuyo yonke indawo, kodwa liyingxube yemibala eminingana efana nonsundu, omnyama, obomvu, omhlophe, noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. |
| D - Ububanzi | Usayizi we-mole mkhulu kunosayizi we-eraser yepensela (6 mm) noma uya ukhula. |
| E - Ukuthuthuka | Izinguquko ngobukhulu, ukuma, umbala, noma uhlobo (isib. ukulunywa, ukuphuma kwegazi) kwale ndawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. |
Ungasivikela kanjani isikhumba sakho elangeni futhi unciphise ingozi yomdlavuza?
Nakuba umdlavuza wesikhumba ungenakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi yethu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwenza le mikhuba ibe umkhuba.
- Sebenzisa isithako sokuvikela ilanga: Sebenzisa isithako sokuvikela ilanga esine-SPF (Sun Protection Factor) engama-30 noma ngaphezulu. Faka kakhulu imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuphuma elangeni. Uma uselangeni, phinda ufake njalo emahoreni amabili kuya kwamathathu. Faka futhi ngaphambi kokujuluka noma ukubhukuda.
- Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela: Gqoka izingubo ezinemikhono emide namabhulukwe amade amboza isikhumba esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Gqoka isigqoko esinomkhawulo obanzi: Sebenzisa isigqoko esinomkhawulo obanzi esivikela ubuso bakho, izindlebe, kanye nentamo elangeni.
- Gqoka izibuko zelanga: Sebenzisa izibuko zelanga ezinezivikelo ze-UV ukuze uvikele amehlo akho kanye nesikhumba esithambile esizungezile amehlo akho emisebeni ye-UV.
- Gwema amahora ashisa kakhulu elangeni: Gwema ukuchayeka elangeni ngqo phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-4 ntambama ngangokunokwenzeka. Yilapho imisebe ye-UV inamandla kakhulu khona.
- Zihlole njalo isikhumba: Okungenani kanye ngenyanga, hamba phambi kwesibuko uhlole umzimba wakho wonke. Bheka amabala amasha kanye nezinguquko emabala amadala. Khumbula umthetho we-ABCDE.
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Kulula kakhulu. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko esikhumbeni sakho ozisolayo noma eziyimbangela yokukhathazeka, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Kungaba yindawo entsha, iqhubu, isilonda esingeke siphole, noma ushintsho endaweni endala.
Kumdlavuza wesikhumba, ikakhulukazi i-melanoma,Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokusindisa izimpilo. Ngakho-ke ungazindeli ngokuthi, "Ake silinde isikhashana." Uma unokungabaza okuncane, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha.
Eminye imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho:
- Iyini imiphumela yokuchayeka elangeni isikhathi eside?
- Uhlobo luni lomdlavuza wesikhumba enginalo? (Uma ngitholakele ukuthi nginalo)
- Yini eyabangela umdlavuza wesikhumba sami?
- Ngingazivikela kanjani emisebeni ye-UV yelanga?
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Imbangela eyinhloko yomdlavuza wesikhumba ukuchayeka kakhulu emisebeni ye-UV evela elangeni.
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unombala wesikhumba sakho, noma ubani angathola umdlavuza wesikhumba, ngakho-ke ukuvikelwa kubalulekile kuwo wonke umuntu.
- Hlola isikhumba sakho njalo. Qaphela amabala amasha, izigaxa, noma izinguquko emabala akhona (ikakhulukazi ngokulandela umthetho we-ABCDE).
- Zivikele njalo elangeni. Sebenzisa i-SPF 30+ sunscreen, gqoka izingubo ezimboza isikhumba sakho, isigqoko, kanye nezibuko zelanga. Gwema ilanga phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-4 ntambama.
- Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezisolisayo esikhumbeni sakho, ungalibali bese ubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kungaholela ekwelashweni okuphumelelayo.
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