Wake walunywa ama-chickpeas ambalwa, i-shrimp curry, noma i-wasp sting bese ngokuzumayo umzimba wakho wonke uyaluma, amehlo akho nezindebe zakho ziyavuvukala? Noma ingabe lokhu kwenzeke kothile omaziyo? Nakuba ungase ucabange ukuthi lokhu kuyinto evamile yokungezwani komzimba, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yingozi kakhulu kunalokho. Namuhla sikhuluma ngalesi simo esibi, ngisho nesisongela impilo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-anaphylaxis . Ukuqaphela lokhu kuzosiza ekusindiseni impilo yakho kanye nempilo yabathandekayo bakho.
Kuyini i-Anaphylaxis?
Kalula nje, i-anaphylaxis iwukusabela okubi kakhulu, okungazelelwe, futhi okungasongela impilo okuthinta umzimba wonke. Akufani nokuqubuka okuvamile noma ukuqubuka okubomvu. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi amasosha ethu omzimba ahamba ngokweqile.
Cabanga nje, lapho into evame ukungabi yingozi emizimbeni yethu, isibonelo ukudla, umuthi, noma ubuthi bezinambuzane, ingena emzimbeni wethu, amasosha ethu omzimba ayibheka njengesitha esikhulu. Bese, ukuze silwe naleyo "sitha", umzimba wethu wenza iphrotheni ekhethekile (i-antibody) ebizwa ngokuthi i-'Immunoglobulin E' noma i-'IgE'. Ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho i-allergen efanayo ingena emzimbeni, ibopha ku-'IgE' eyayenziwe ngaphambilini, futhi kungazelelwe inani elikhulu lamakhemikhali anamandla abizwa ngokuthi 'ama-histamine' akhishwa emzimbeni. Lawo makhemikhali yiwona abangela zonke lezi zimpawu ezimbi.
Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi imithambo yegazi ivuleke ngokuzumayo, okubangela ukwehla okukhulu komfutho wegazi. Uma lesi simo siba sibi kakhulu, singaholela ekushaqekeni kwe-anaphylactic , ngisho nokufa uma kungelashwa ngokushesha.
Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?
Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuvela phakathi nemizuzu embalwa kuya emahoreni ngemva kokuchayeka ku-allergen, futhi zingaba zimbi kakhulu ngokushesha okukhulu.
Kungase kuqale ngokubabaza okukhulu kwamehlo noma kobuso. Ngemizuzu embalwa, lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu. Umuntu angase abe nobunzima bokugwinya nokuphefumula. Izimpawu zesisu ezifana nokuqaqamba kwesisu, ukuhlanza, kanye nesifo sohudo nazo zingase zibe khona.
Ake sifunde kabanzi ngalezi zimpawu kusukela kuthebula elingezansi.
| Ingxenye yomzimba | Izimpawu ezingaba khona |
|---|---|
| Isikhumba | Amaqhubu abomvu alumayo emzimbeni wonke (amaqhubu), ukuvuvukala kwamehlo, izindebe, ulimi, nobuso (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-angioedema'), kanye nokubomvu kwesikhumba. |
| Uhlelo Lokuphefumula | Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuqina kwesifuba, ukuphefumula kanzima, ukuzizwa sengathi umphimbo wakho uvalekile, ukukhwehlela njalo. |
| Uhlelo Lokugaya Ukudla | Ubuhlungu obukhulu esiswini, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, uhudo. |
| Inhliziyo Nokujikeleza Kwegazi | Isiyezi (vertigo), ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukwehla okuzumayo komfutho wegazi, ukubanda, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi (ukushaqeka). |
Yini engabangela i-anaphylaxis?
Kunezimbangela eziningana eziyinhloko zalokhu. Ezivame kakhulu ukudla nokulunywa yizinambuzane.
- Ukudla: Amantongomane afana namantongomane nama-cashew, ukudla kwasolwandle njenge-shrimp, i-crab, ne-lobster, ubisi lwenkomo, amaqanda (ikakhulukazi amaqanda amhlophe), kanye nembewu yesesame yizona eziyinhloko.
- Ukulunywa yizinambuzane : Lesi simo singabangelwa futhi ukulunywa yizinyosi kanye nezinyosi.
- Imithi: Eminye imithi yokubulala izinhlungu kanye nama-antibiotic nayo ingabangela ukusabela okufanayo.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Kwabanye abantu, kunengozi yokuthola lesi simo uma bezivocavoca ngokushesha ngemva kokudla ukudla okubangela ukungezwani komzimba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinto ezingabandakanyi ama-antibodies e-IgE, kodwa ezibangela ukusabela okunzima okufana ne -anaphylaxis (ukusabela kwe-anaphylactoid).
- Amadayi aqukethe i-iodine asetshenziswa ezivivinyweni ezifana nama-X-ray.
- I-aspirin kanye neminye imithi yokubulala izinhlungu evela eqenjini le-`Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)`.
- Ezinye izidakamizwa ezinamandla zokudambisa izinhlungu (imithi ethi `Opioid`).
- Ukumpontshelwa igazi.
- Ngezinye izikhathi kungabangelwa ukuzivocavoca nje ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.
Kuyini ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo? Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu!
Le ngxenye ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba i-anaphylaxis iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Uma uthola ukwelashwa okufanele ngesikhathi esifanele, kungasindisa impilo.
Ukwelashwa okuwukuphela nokushesha kakhulu kwe-anaphylaxis ukujova i-adrenaline (i-epinephrine).
Uma usunikezwe umuthi wokugomela, izimpawu ziqala ukuncipha. Odokotela beluleka abantu abasengozini yokusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba ukuthi bahlale benalo lo muthi wokugomela. Ufika ngedivayisi elula ukuyisebenzisa ebizwa ngokuthi "i-auto-injector." Ungazijova ngemuva kwethanga lakho uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo.
Yini okufanele uyenze?
1. Thatha isinyathelo ngokushesha uma ungabaza: Uma usola ngisho nokuncane ukuthi une-allergy enkulu kanje, ungacabangi kabili ngokugonywa. Ngisho noma ungaqiniseki ukuthi kuyi-allergy noma cha, gonywa ukuze uphephe. Ngeke kulimaze.
2. Siza omunye umuntu: Uma ubona umuntu oseduze kwakho enalesi simo, futhi ene-auto-injector futhi engakwazi ukuyisebenzisa, ungabasiza ukuthi bayijove.
3. Yiya esibhedlela ngokushesha: Ngisho noma uthola umuthi wokugoma, wona wodwa ngeke welaphe ukutheleleka. Izimpawu zingase ziphinde zivele. Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha ngemva kokuthola umuthi wokugoma, kufanele uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) lesibhedlela esiseduze. Lapho, uzonikezwa ukwelashwa okwengeziwe, njengoketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni, imithi yokusiza inhliziyo yakho kanye nokujikeleza kwegazi, kanye nemithi eyengeziwe efana nama-antihistamine nama-steroids.
I-Anaphylaxis iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Ngisho noma ugonywa, kufanele nakanjani uye esibhedlela, ikakhulukazi i-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU).
Ngikulungele kanjani lokhu?
Uma unomlando wokungezwani komzimba okukhulu, kungcono ukuthi ulungele futhi ungesabi.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho: Uma une-allergy enkulu entweni efana nokulunywa yi-wasp, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthola i-epinephrine injection kit. Babuze ukuthi bayisebenzisa kanjani kahle.
- Gcina imijovo emibili iseduze: Kuwukuhlakanipha ukugcina imijovo emibili iseduze. Ngezinye izikhathi, owesibili ungadingeka uma owokuqala ungawulawuli lesi sifo.
- Gwema izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba: Gwema ukudla, iziphuzo, kanye nemithi owaziyo ukuthi une-allergy kuyo. Uma uthenga ukudla esitolo, buza ngezithako.
- Yazisa wonke umuntu:Gcina umndeni wakho, abangani, kanye nosebenza nabo benolwazi ngesimo sakho kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa umuthi wokugomela esimweni esiphuthumayo.
- Tshela odokotela bakho kusenesikhathi: Ngisho noma uzobona udokotela wamazinyo, tshela udokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukungezwani nemithi onayo ngaphambi kokuthola noma yikuphi ukwelashwa.
- Gqoka Isexwayiso Sezokwelapha: Kubalulekile ukugcina isongo sezexwayiso zezokwelapha, umgexo, noma ikhadi elikhuluma ngokungezwani komzimba kwakho. Kungasindisa impilo yakho uma ungakwazi ukuxhumana nesimo esiphuthumayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Anaphylaxis iwukusabela okukhulu kakhulu kokungezwani komzimba okungaba yingozi empilweni.
- Khuthazeka uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngesikhathi, njengokuphelelwa umoya ngokuzumayo, ukuvuvukala, ukuqunjelwa, noma isiyezi.
- Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko nokusheshayo umjovo we-epinephrine (adrenaline). Uma ungabaza, thola umjovo ngokushesha.
- Ngisho noma ugonywa, kubalulekile ukuya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela.
- Uma une-allergies enzima, phatha njalo ama-epinephrine auto-injector amabili kanye nekhadi lesaziso sezokwelapha. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.
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