Wake wazibuza ukuthi amehlo akho athola kanjani umbala wawo? Noma ukuthi amehlo akho agxila kanjani kokuthile okuseduze noma kokuthile okukude? I-uvea iyingxenye yeso ehilelekile kukho konke lokhu, njengonjiniyela omncane ngaphakathi kweso. Ake sixoxe ngakho kafushane namuhla.
Iyini i-Uvea?
Kalula nje, i-uvea iwungqimba oluphakathi lwezingqimba ezintathu eziyinhloko ezakha iso lethu. Igama layo livela egameni lesiLatini elisho "igilebhisi." Isizathu salokhu ukuthi, uma ubheka ngaphandle, le ngxenye ibukeka njengegilebhisi.
Elinye igama lalokhu 'i-vascular tunic'. Lisho 'ihembe elinemithambo yegazi.' Libizwa ngokuthi ngoba ligoqa iso njengehembe futhi ligcwele imithambo yegazi enikeza iso izakhamzimba elizidingayo.
I-uvea empeleni ayiyona ingxenye eyodwa. Iyinhlanganisela yezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko.
- Iris
- Umzimba we-ciliary
- I-Choroid
Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-uvea nemisebenzi yazo
Lezi zingxenye ezintathu zeso zenza imisebenzi ehlukene, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.
| Ingxenye | Wenzani? |
|---|---|
| Iris | Lena yingxenye enika amehlo akho umbala wawo. Inquma imibala efana nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsundu, nomnyama. Futhi iyindandatho yemisipha. Iya ngokuya iba nkulu ukuze ilawule inani lokukhanya okungena esweni. Kufana ``nembobo`` ekhamera. |
| Umzimba we-ciliary | Lokhu kutholakala ngemuva kwe-iris. Imisipha ekule ngxenye ishintsha ukuma kwelensi yeso, okusisiza sigxile ngokucacile lapho sibheka into eseduze nathi noma into ekude. Iphinde ikhiqize uketshezi olungaphakathi kweso olubizwa ngokuthi "i-aqueous humor". Lolu ketshezi yilokho okunikeza iso isimo salo esiyindilinga. |
| I-Choroid | Lena yingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke ye-uvea. Iyi-membrane encane egcwele imithambo yegazi. Cabanga ngeso lakho njengendlu. I-choroid ifana namapayipi endlu. Njengoba nje amanzi engena endlini futhi esatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezifana nekhishi nendlu yokugezela, i-choroid iyigazi eliya ezingxenyeni ezibaluleke kakhulu zeso, ikakhulukazi i-retina. Inombala omnyama futhi ngoba iqukethe i-pigment ebizwa ngokuthi ``melanin.'' Lokhu kunciphisa ukubonakaliswa okungadingekile kokukhanya ngaphakathi kweso. |
Yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha ezingathinta i-uvea?
Ngenxa yokuthi i-uvea iyiqoqo lezingxenye ezintathu ezahlukene, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezimo ezingayithinta. Nakuba ezinye izimo zincane, ezinye zingathinta kakhulu umbono wakho.
Ngezansi kunezinye zezimo ezingathinta i-uvea:
- I-Uveitis: Lesi yisimo esivame kakhulu nesibucayi esithinta i-uvea. Izingxenye ze-uvea ziyavuvukala.
- Umdlavuza wamehlo: Ikakhulukazi lowo owenzeka ngaphakathi kweso (i-intraocular melanoma).
- I-retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela: Abantu abanesifo sikashukela bangaba nomonakalo emithanjeni yegazi emehlweni abo.
- Ukuhlaselwa yiso: Umonakalo obangelwa ukwehla kokugeleza kwegazi eliya esweni.
- Ubu-Albinism: Ukuntuleka kombala onikeza umbala esikhumbeni nasemahlweni.
- I-Presbyopia: Amandla e-lens yeso okugxila ayancipha njengoba iminyaka ikhula.
- I-Coloboma: Ukungabikho kwengxenye ye-uvea lapho izalwa.
- Ukulimala Kwamehlo: Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwengozi lungalimaza i-uvea.
- Ezinye izifo kanye nezinye izifo: Izifo ezithinta ezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njenge-sarcoidosis, zingathinta namehlo.
Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zalezi zifo?
Uma kunenkinga nge-uvea, izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye ye-uvea ethintekile. Kodwa-ke, kunezimpawu ezithile ezivamile ezingabonakala.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Umbono ofiphele | Isimo sokungaboni izinto ngokucacile. |
| Ubuhlungu bamehlo | Ubuhlungu obuvela ngaphakathi noma eduze kwamehlo. |
| Ukuzwela ukukhanya (i-Photophobia) | Ubunzima bokubuka ukukhanya, uzizwa sengathi amehlo aphenduka abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. |
| Iso elibomvu | Ubomvu noma ukuvuvukala kwengxenye emhlophe yeso. |
| Ukulahlekelwa umbono | Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo noma kancane kancane. |
| Izinguquko esweni elimnyama | Umfundi ushintsha isimo kusuka ku-round kuya ku-shape noma usayizi ohlukile. |
| Amehlo anamanzi (i-Epiphora) | Izinyembezi zihlala ziphuma. |
Singakunakekela kanjani ukucasuka kwamehlo ethu?
Amehlo ethu ayigugu kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunezinto ezimbalwa ezilula esingazenza ukuze sigcine lonke iso, kuhlanganise ne-uvea, liphilile.
- Hlola amehlo akho njalo: Kubalulekile ukuthi wonke umuntu, hhayi labo abagqoka izibuko kuphela, ahlolwe amehlo okungenani kanye ngonyaka noma emibili . Lokhu kungasiza ekuboneni izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu.
- Gqoka izibuko zokuphepha: Ungavimbela izingozi ngokugqoka izibuko zokuphepha lapho usika insimbi, usebenza ngokhuni, usebenza ngamakhemikhali, noma udlala imidlalo.
- Gwema ukubhema nokusebenzisa ugwayi: Ukubhema kungalimaza imithambo yegazi ebucayi emehlweni, okuthinta ngqo impilo ye-uvea.
- Ungazithathi kalula izifo zamehlo: IsoUma kukhona ukutheleleka, ukubomvu, noma ubuhlungu obuhlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa, qiniseka ukuthi ubonana nodokotela. Ungavumeli ukuthi kusabalale futhi kube yinkinga enkulu.
Yiziphi izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zokuya kudokotela?
Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile, kufanele ubonane nodokotela wamehlo ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo:
- Uma izimpawu zamehlo (ubuhlungu, ukubomvu, ukufiphala) ziqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa .
- Uma lezi zimpawu zikuvimbela ekwenzeni imisebenzi yakho evamile .
- Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokulahlekelwa umbono noma ushintsho .
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo, ukufiphala kombono ngokuzumayo, noma isikrini esimnyama phambi kwamehlo kubhekwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela esiseduze (i-ETU) ngokushesha.
I-uvea iyingxenye yeso esingakhulumi kakhulu ngayo, kodwa ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo. Asiqapheli ukubaluleka kwayo kuze kube yilapho ingasebenzi kahle. Kodwa uma kunenkinga, ingaba yinto eyesabekayo kakhulu. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuhlolwa kwamehlo akho njalo futhi uqaphele izimpawu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-uvea iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yeso lakho eliyinika umbala, igxilise umbono wakho, futhi inikeze igazi esweni.
- Ungazinaki izimpawu ezifana nokubomvu kwamehlo, ubuhlungu, kanye nokungaboni kahle. Zingaba uphawu lwenkinga ye-uveitis.
- Izifo eziningi zingatholakala kusenesikhathi ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo okungenani kanye ngonyaka.
- Uma ulahlekelwa umbono wakho ngokuzumayo noma uba noshintsho olukhulu embonweni wakho, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
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