Ake sazi ngenani lama-platelet akho? Izinhlobo nezinto okufanele uzazi

Wake wabona inani elibizwa ngokuthi 'i-PLT' uma ubheka umbiko we-Full Blood Count? Noma wake waba nokulimala okuncane okubangela ukulimala okukhulu, noma ukuphuma kwegazi ezinsinini lapho uxubha amazinyo akho? Konke lokhu kungahlotshaniswa neqembu elincane lamaseli egazini lakho abizwa ngokuthi ama-platelet. Abizwa nangokuthi ama-thrombocyte. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizoxoxa ngokuthi ayini lawa ma-platelet nokuthi kwenzekani uma eba phansi kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, ziyini lezi zinhlayiya?

Kalula nje, ama-platelet angamaseli amancane egazini lethu akhiqizwa emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukuyeka ukopha lapho silimala. Cabanga ngendlela igazi lakho elima ngayo ngemva kwesikhashana lapho usike ingalo yakho. Ngaleso sikhathi, lawa ma-platelet eza njengamaqhawe, ahlangana ukuze akhe ihlule legazi, futhi avale inxeba. Kufana neqembu labachwepheshe abancane abagijimela ukulungisa ipayipi eliphukile.

I-Platelet Count ilinganiswa kanjani?

Inani lama-platelet lilinganiswa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile. Lokhu kulinganiswa esivivinyweni se-Complete Blood Count (CBC) esisenza njalo. Lokhu kungahlola inani lama-platelet egazini kanye namaseli amhlophe egazi kanye namaseli abomvu egazi.

Ake sibheke ukuthi inani lama-platelet elijwayelekile kufanele libe yini egazini lomuntu ophilile.

Ake sixoxe ngama-platelet aphansi (i-Thrombocytopenia)

Uma inani lama-platelet akho lingaphansi kuka-150,000, odokotela babiza lesi simo ngokuthi i-thrombocytopenia. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ungenawo ama-platelet anele okuvimba ukopha ngemva kokulimala.

Ziyini izimpawu?

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwehla okuncane kwama-platelet kungase kungabangela izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, lapho inani lehla kakhulu, ungase uqaphele izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Kuphuka kalula: Ngisho neqhubu elincane lingabangela imihuzuko emikhulu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/onsomi.
• Ukopha okunzima ukukuyeka: Ukopha izinsini lapho uxubha amazinyo, ukopha ekhaleni njalo, ukopha isikhathi eside ngisho nasenxebeni elincane.
• Ukopha ngaphakathi: Igazi emchameni, igazi esitofini (isitofini singase sibe mnyama), igazi ekuhlanzeni (lingase libukeke njengekhofi).
• Amabala abomvu esikhumbeni: Amabala amancane, abomvu, asicaba (i-petechiae) abangelwa igazi eliphuma emithanjeni yegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
• Amabala ansundu esikhumbeni: Amabala amakhulu ansundu, abomvu, ansundu-aphuzi (i-Purpura) abangelwa ukopha ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
• Ukukhathala ngokweqile kanye nobuthakathaka.
• Ukopha okukhulu ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane.
• Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi noma ubende.

Kungani ama-platelet ehla?

Kunezizathu ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani ama-platelet aphansi:

1. Umnkantsha awukhiqizi ama-platelet anele.

2. Ukubhujiswa okusheshayo noma ukusetshenziswa kwama-platelet ngumzimba.

3. Ubende lugcina ama-platelet futhi aluwakhiphi uma kudingeka.

Lezi ezinye zezifo nezimbangela ezingabangela lezi zimo:

• Izifo zomnkantsha wamathambo: Izimo ezingavamile njenge-Aplastic Anemia, umdlavuza wegazi njenge-Leukemia noma i-Lymphoma.
• Ukwelashwa ngomdlavuza: Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe kungalimaza umongo wethambo.
• Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini: Uma i-vitamin B12 kanye ne-folate kuphansi, kuba nzima ngomnkantsha wamathambo ukwenza ama-platelet.
• Izimo zokuzivikela komzimba: Ezifweni ezifana ne-Lupus kanye ne-Rheumatoid Arthritis, amasosha omzimba ahlasela ngephutha futhi abhubhise ama-platelet awo.
• Ukutheleleka: Ukutheleleka ngegciwane njenge-HIV, i-Hepatitis C, kanye nokutheleleka ngamagciwane athile.
• Eminye imithi:Eminye imithi, njenge-Heparin ne-Quinine, ingabangela ukubhujiswa kwama-platelet.
• Izifo ezifana ne-cirrhosis yesibindi: Lezi zingabangela ukuthi ubende luvuvuke futhi ama-platelet abambeke kuwo.
• Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile.
• Ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa okukhulu: Isibonelo, ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo.

Ake sifunde futhi ngokwanda kwama-platelet (i-Thrombocythemia/Thrombocytosis)

Inani lama-platelet angaphezu kuka-450,000 nalo liyinkinga. Lokhu kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwama-blood clots angafuneki . La ma-blood clots angabhajwa emithanjeni yegazi futhi abangele izimo eziyingozi njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, kanye ne-pulmonary embolism.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalesi simo:

• I-Primary Thrombocythemia: Lokhu kubangelwa ukukhiqizwa okungajwayelekile kwama-platelet emnkantsheni wethambo. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa izinguquko zofuzo.
• I-Thrombocytosis Yesibili: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-thrombocytosis, lapho umongo wethambo ukhuthazwa khona ukukhiqiza ama-platelet engeziwe ngenxa yesinye isimo sezokwelapha (isib. ukutheleleka, ukuntuleka kwensimbi).

Izimpawu zivame ukubonakala kakhulu esigabeni sokuqala. Izibonelo zifaka:

• Ukubomvu, ukusha, kanye nokungabi namizwa ezandleni nasezinyaweni.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi, ubuthakathaka.
• Izinguquko embonweni.
• Ukopha (yize kunezinhlayiya eziningi, ngezinye izikhathi azisebenzi kahle).

Yini okufanele uyenze uma ama-platelet ephansi?

Ukwelashwa kwama-platelet aphansi kuncike embangela kanye nobukhali bezimpawu. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu.

• Ukwelapha imbangela: Uma umuthi ubangela inani eliphansi lama-platelet, lowo muthi ungamiswa bese kunikezwa omunye. Uma kukhona ukuntuleka kwe-iron noma amavithamini, unganikezwa izithasiselo.
• Imithi: Imithi efana ne-'Corticosteroids' (isib. i-Prednisone) yokwandisa inani lama-platelet, imithi efana ne-'Elthrombopag' kanye ne-'Romiplostim' yokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-platelet emnkantsheni wethambo, kanye nemithi efana ne-'Immunoglobulin' yokuvimba umzimba ekubhubhiseni ama-platelet inganikezwa.
• Ukumpontshelwa igazi noma ama-platelet: Uma kukhona ukopha noma uma izinga lama-platelet liphansi kakhulu, kungenziwa ukumpontshelwa ama-platelet angaphandle.
• Ukususwa kwe-spleenectomy: Uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingaphumeleli futhi i-spleen ibhubhisa ama-platelet, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuthi kususwe i-spleen ngokuhlinzwa .