Ngesikhathi udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi unesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona sesigaba sesi-4, kumelwe ukuthi wazizwa ukwesaba okukhulu nokushaqeka. Kungenzeka ukuthi wacabanga ukuthi, 'Impilo yami isiphelile manje.' Kodwa asikho isizathu sokudumala kangaka. Lesi yisimo esibucayi, kodwa ngokwelashwa okufanele, ukudla, nendlela yokuphila, ungaphila impilo ende nejabulisayo. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngakho konke ngokucacile nangokulula namuhla.
Okokuqala, ake sibheke izigaba zesifo sezinso.
Kunezigaba ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zeSifo Sezinso Esingapheli (CKD). Cabanga ngaso njengesitebhisi.
- Izigaba zokuqala (1 kanye no-2): Phakathi nalesi sigaba, izinso kungenzeka ukuthi zilimele, kodwa zisasebenza kahle. Ngokuvamile, azikho izimpawu ezinkulu phakathi nalesi sigaba.
- Isigaba 3: Njengamanje, cishe ingxenye yezinso isilahlekelwe ukusebenza kwazo. Yilapho ezinye izinkinga zempilo ezihlobene nokwehluleka kwezinso (isib. umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-anemia) ziqala ukuvela khona.
- Isigaba 4: Yilapho umonakalo wezinso uba mkhulu khona . Kulesi sigaba, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza uhlelo lokwelapha olujulile ukuze alondoloze noma yimuphi umsebenzi omncane osele ezinso zakho.
- Isigaba 5: Lesi yisigaba sokugcina. Lapha izinso sezicishe zingasebenzi ngokuphelele. I-Dialysis noma ukufakelwa izinso kuyadingeka ngempela ukuze ziphile.
Ake siqonde kahle ukuthi lesi sigaba sesine (iSigaba IV) siyini.
Isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona (CKD) senzeka lapho izinso zonakele ngenxa yokulimala ngokomzimba noma, ngokuvamile, ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezifana nesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Izinso ezonakele azikwazi ukuhlunga igazi kahle.
Kalula nje, izinso zifana nefektri emzimbeni wethu. Nazi ezinye zemisebenzi eyinhloko eziyenzayo:
- Ukugcina ibhalansi yoketshezi lomzimba
- Ukulawula ama-hormone ethu
- Ukulawula umfutho wegazi
- Ukugcina amathambo ephilile
- Ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi adingwa ngumzimba
Esigabeni sesine, izinso azisakwazi ukwenza lo msebenzi ngendlela efanele. Ngakho-ke, ingozi yezinkinga ezilandelayo iyanda. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu ukudla kwakho nendlela yakho yokuphila.
- Izinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi
- I-anemia, okusho ukwehla komthamo wegazi emzimbeni
- Izinkinga zamathambo
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ongalawuleki
- Ukukhathala ngokweqile kanye nokuntuleka kwamandla ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla okufanele
Ukwehluleka Kwezinso Nokwelashwa
Esigabeni sesine, izinso zisuke zisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu lokusebenza. Kukhona isilinganiso sekhono lezinso lokusebenza, esilibiza ngokuthi i-Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) . Uma leli nani le-GFR lehla ngaphansi kuka-15%, sibiza leso simo ngokuthi 'Ukwehluleka Kwezinso'.
Nakuba isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona singelapheki ngokuphelele, kunezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu ezingasindisa impilo yakho futhi zikugcine uphilile. Ungakhathazeki, udokotela wakho uzokhetha ukwelashwa okufanele wena.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha eziyinhloko. Ake sizibheke.
| Indlela yokwelapha | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukufakelwa Kwezinso | Inqubo yokuhlinzwa yokufakelwa izinso eziphilile (ezivela kumnikeli ophilayo noma oshonile) emzimbeni. Ngokuvamile, izinso ezintsha ziqala ukusebenza ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, kuzodingeka uphuze imithi impilo yakho yonke. |
| I-Hemodialysis (HD) | Igazi lakho lithunyelwa emshinini osebenza njengenso yokwenziwa, lisuse udoti kanye noketshezi olwengeziwe kuwo, bese igazi elihlanziwe libuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kungenziwa esibhedlela noma ekhaya. |
| I-Dialysis Yesisu (PD) | Lokhu kwenziwa ekhaya. Uketshezi olukhethekile luthunyelwa esiswini ngepayipi elifakwe ngokuhlinzwa (i-catheter). Ngemva kwamahora ambalwa, uketshezi luyasuswa kanye nokungcola, bese kufakwa uketshezi olusha. Lokhu kudingeka kwenziwe nsuku zonke. |
Indlela yokwenza i-hemodialysis
Ukuze senze i-hemodialysis, sidinga ukwakha uhlelo olungasusa igazi kalula emzimbeni bese lulibuyisela emzimbeni. Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zalokhu.
- I-Fistula:Lena indlela engcono kakhulu nesetshenziswa kakhulu. Udokotela wenza ukuhlinzwa okuncane futhi uxhuma umthambo kanye nomthambo engalweni yakho. Lokhu kwenza umthambo ube namandla futhi kube lula ukufaka inalithi bese ukhipha igazi.
- Ukufakelwa: Uma imithambo yakho yegazi ibuthakathaka futhi i-fistula ingenakwakheka, kufakwa ithubhu elincane lokwenziwa phakathi komthambo nomthambo ukuze lixhumaniswe.
- I-Catheter: Uma kudingeka i-dialysis ngokushesha noma isikhathi esifushane, ipayipi elikhulu lifakwa emthanjeni omkhulu entanyeni noma esifubeni. Esinye isiphetho saleli payipi singaphandle komzimba.
Ungawugcina kanjani umsebenzi osele wezinso?
Ukuze uvimbele ukulimala okwengeziwe ezinso zakho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula kahle ezinye izifo ezibangela lokho.
Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme
Uma umfutho wegazi ukhuphuka, imithambo yegazi iyaqina futhi inciphe. Ngemuva kwalokho inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi. Uma lokhu kungalawulwa, kungase kube nesifo sohlangothi noma ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthatha imithi yomfutho wegazi oyinikezwe udokotela ngesikhathi.
Isifo Sikashukela kanye ne-Cholesterol Ephakeme
Uma ushukela kanye ne-cholesterol kungalawuleki, amafutha anganqwabelana emithanjeni yegazi, okubangela ukujiya kwegazi, futhi kwandise ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nohlelo lokudla olungcono kakhulu kuwe. Kungase kudingeke unciphise ukudla okunoshukela namafutha amaningi. Uma kudingeka, cela i-referral ukuze ubone isazi sokudla.
I-anemia
Uma umzimba unezinhlayiya zegazi ezibomvu ezimbalwa, awekho amangqamuzana anele okuthwala umoya-mpilo. Khona-ke inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima. Lokhu kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo. Ngenxa yalokhu, udokotela uzokunikeza izinto ezifana namaphilisi ensimbi.
Izifo ezihlobene namathambo namaminerali
Uma izinso zihluleka, i-calcium iyakhishwa emathanjeni bese ingena egazini. Uma i-calcium egazini iyanda, imithambo yegazi ingaba lukhuni futhi ibe mincane. Udokotela angase akucebise ukuthi uthathe izithasiselo ezifana ne-vitamin D kulokhu.
Uma uphatha konke lokhu kahle, unganciphisa ingcindezi ezinso zakho futhi ulondoloze umsebenzi wazo osele isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Nakuba isifo sezinso sesigaba sesi-4 siyisimo esibucayi, ungaphila kahle ngokwelashwa okufanele nendlela yokuphila. Hlala uqinile.
- Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo, ikakhulukazi mayelana nemithi nokudla. Ungayeki noma yimuphi umuthi noma wandise noma wehlise umthamo wakho.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile mayelana nezinketho zakho zokwelapha (i-hemodialysis, ukufakelwa kwezinso) bese ukhetha okulungele wena.
- Ukulawula umfutho wegazi, isifo sikashukela, kanye namazinga e-cholesterol kuyinto engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuze uvikele izinso zakho.
- Uma izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala okukhulu, ukuphelelwa umoya, nokuvuvukala kwemilenze kuyanda, ungazinaki futhi ubone udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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