Uyazazi izifo zenhliziyo kwabesifazane? Ake sixoxe ngazo!

Uyazi, sivame ukucabanga ngesifo senhliziyo njengesifo esithinta kakhulu amadoda. Kodwa akulona iqiniso lelo. Isifo senhliziyo (CVD) sibulala buthule phakathi kwabesifazane. Ngezinye izikhathi asiziboni ngisho nezimpawu, noma asisinaki kakhulu. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela. Isifo senhliziyo siyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa emhlabeni. Cabanga nje, ngo-2019 kuphela, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-18 bafa ngenxa yaso. Abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi isifo senhliziyo siyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa kwabesifazane.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezinhlelo zenhliziyo namathumbu kwabesifazane nabesilisa?

Cabanga ngakho, kunomehluko omncane endleleni imizimba yethu eyenziwe ngayo. Lezi yizinto ezenza ezinye izifo zithinte abesifazane nabesilisa ngendlela ehlukile. Kunjalo nangesifo senhliziyo. Abacwaningi bathole umehluko oningana ohlelweni lwenhliziyo ngokusekelwe ebulilini. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi umehluko omncane kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kungabangela abesifazane ukuba babe nesifo senhliziyo ngendlela ehlukile kunabesilisa. Ake sibheke izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• I-Anatomy: Imithambo yegazi yabesifazane kanye namagumbi enhliziyo mancane kuneyabesilisa. Izindonga zama-ventricle enhliziyo (amagumbi ampompa igazi) nazo zincane kancane.
• Inani legazi: Abesifazane banamaseli abomvu egazi ambalwa, okusho ukuthi bangathwala umoya-mpilo omncane ngesikhathi.
• Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Imizimba yabesifazane isheshe ithinteke kakhulu yizinguquko ekuphakameni (njengokukhuphuka intaba) noma ukuvuka embhedeni ngokuzumayo, okungabangela ukwehla okungazelelwe komfutho wegazi.
• Ama-hormone: Abesifazane bavame ukuba namazinga aphezulu ama-hormone i-estrogen ne-progesterone, kuyilapho amadoda enamazinga aphezulu e-testosterone. La ma-hormone athinta impilo yenhliziyo kanye nempilo iyonke ngezindlela eziningi.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi owesifazane unesifo senhliziyo?

Abesifazane bavame ukuba nezimpawu zesifo senhliziyo ngemva kweminyaka eyi-10 kunabesilisa. Nakuba izimbangela nezimpawu eziningi zivamile, kunomehluko othile phakathi kwabesifazane, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.

Izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwabesifazane

Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki kuyisibonakaliso esiyinhloko sawo wonke umuntu. Kodwa abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuba nezinye izimpawu ngaphezu kobuhlungu besifuba (noma esikhundleni salokho). Basengozini enkulu yokuba "nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo buthule" . Yilapho ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungatholakali. Abesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65 nabo banamathuba amaningi okufa ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo buthule kunabesilisa abaneminyaka efanayo.

Abesifazane babike izimpawu ezahlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Lezi zinhlungu nokungakhululeki kungazwakala kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:

• Isifuba (ngokuvamile)
• Isifuba sesobunxele
• Phakathi komgogodla noma amahlombe
• Intamo noma umphimbo
• Umhlathi noma amazinyo
• Izandla (eyodwa noma zombili)
• Amahlombe
• Imilenze (eyodwa noma yomibili)

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane bangase babe nezinye izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukukhathala okungavamile (okuvame kakhulu)
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Isiyezi noma ukuquleka
• Ukuzizwa ubuso bushisa noma bucwebezela
• Ukungagayeki kahle kokudla
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo
• Ukuba ndikindiki ezandleni noma eminweni
• Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
• Isifiso sokudla
• Izinguquko ezintsha embonweni
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukukhwehlela
• Ukuzwa ukuqina emphinjeni

Okubaluleke kakhulu: Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi ezingaphezu kweyodwa, ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, shayela u-911 ngokushesha noma uye emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela esiseduze nawe. Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo konakalisa imisipha yenhliziyo. Umonakalo uyanda njalo ngemizuzu edlulayo. Ngakho-ke ungalibali ukushayela ucingo.

Izimpawu zokuqala zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwabesifazane

Abesifazane abaningi babhekana nezimpawu ze-prodromal ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Lokhu kungenzeka emahoreni amaningi, amasonto, noma ngisho nezinyanga kusengaphambili. Isibonakaliso esivame kakhulu sokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi ukukhathala okungavamile. Uma uzizwa ukhathele futhi ungakwazi ukuthola esinye isizathu sokukhathala kwakho, kungcono ukubona udokotela.

Ngaphezu kokukhathala, lezi zimpawu zingandulela nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo:

• Ukukhathazeka
• Ukungagayeki kahle njalo
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo
• Izinguquko ekucabangeni noma ekukhumbuleni (hhayi njengokujwayelekile, ukuzizwa unenkungu)
• Isifiso sokudla
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula ebusuku
• Ukungalali
• Ukuba ndikindiki ezandleni noma ezingalweni
• Ukuba ndikindiki noma ukuqaqamba ezandleni noma eminweni
• Ukukhwehlela
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda obuvamile noma obukhulu
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki
• Ukungakhululeki komhlathi noma kwezinyo
• Ubuthakathaka noma ubunzima ezingalweni

Lezi zimpawu zokuqala zingase zivele futhi zinyamalale zodwa. Abantu abaningi balinda kuze kube yilapho izimpawu ziqhubeka noma kuze kube yilapho omunye umuntu ezibona. Kodwa ungalindi. Funa usizo ngokushesha nje lapho ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile.

Ukwehluleka Kwenhliziyo Kwabesifazane

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kuyisimo esingamahlalakhona lapho inhliziyo ingakwazi ukupompa igazi kahle. Lokhu kubangela uketshezi emzimbeni (ngezinye izikhathi okubangela izimpawu ezifana nokuvuvukala nokukhuluphala) futhi kuya ngokuya kuba kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kuthinta kokubili amadoda nabesifazane ngokulinganayo. Kodwa-ke, izimbangela nezimpawu zingahluka kuye ngobulili. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezitholwe ocwaningweni:

• Ukwehluleka Kwenhliziyo Okune-Diastolic (ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo lapho inqubo yokufinyela kwenhliziyo ivamile, kodwa kunzima ukugcwaliswa ngegazi - ngengxenye yokukhipha egciniwe) kuvame kakhulu kwabesifazane.
• Izimbangela zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo kwabesifazane zifaka phakathi umfutho wegazi ophezulu (`Umfutho wegazi ophakeme`), isifo se-valve yenhliziyo (`isifo se-valve yenhliziyo`), isifo sikashukela (`Isifo Sikashukela`), kanye nesifo se-coronary artery (`Isifo Se-Coronary Artery`). Umfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye nesifo se-valve kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kubangele ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kwabesifazane. Imbangela evame kakhulu kwabesilisa isifo se-coronary artery.
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kuvame kakhulu kwabesifazane ngenxa yobuthakathaka bemisipha yenhliziyo obubangelwa ukucindezeleka (`Stress Cardiomyopathy` noma `Broken Heart Syndrome`).
• Abesifazane basengozini enkulu yokuthola izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.
• Uma kuqhathaniswa nabesilisa, abesifazane abanesifo senhliziyo banamathuba amaningi okubika izinga eliphansi lokuphila kanye nezimpawu zokucindezeleka.

Izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo kwabesifazane

Izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo ngokuvamile ziyafana kuwo wonke umuntu, kodwa ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okubhekana nalokhu:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula ngenxa yomsebenzi womzimba
• Ubunzima bokuzivocavoca
• Ukuvuvukala (`I-Edema`)

Abesifazane bavame ukuba nezimpawu lapho sebekhulile futhi banamathuba amaningi okuthola isifo senhliziyo esibizwa ngokuthi i-'Left Bundle Branch Block' (esingaba umphumela wokwehluleka kwenhliziyo).

Yiziphi izici ezibangela isifo senhliziyo kwabesifazane?

Izici zendabuko eziyingozi yesifo senhliziyo, njenge-cholesterol ephezulu kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu (BP), zithinta wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ubulili. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo luthole ukuthi lezi zinto eziyingozi nazo ziyahlukahluka ngokobulili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezici eziyingozi kanye nezimo eziqondene ngqo nabesifazane.

• I-Cholesterol Ephakeme: I-cholesterol ephezulu (i-hyperlipidemia) iyisici esiyingozi kuwo wonke umuntu, kodwa amazinga aphansi e-cholesterol 'enhle' (i-HDL cholesterol) angaba yingozi kakhulu kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engu-65 nangaphezulu kunabesilisa.
• Isifo Sikashukela: Abesifazane abanesifo sikashukela banamathuba amabili kuya kwamane okuthola isifo senhliziyo kunabesilisa abanesifo sikashukela.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (Umfutho wegazi ophakeme): Abesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 banamathuba amaningi okuthola umfutho wegazi ophezulu (Umfutho wegazi ophakeme) kunabesilisa, kodwa mancane amathuba okuthi ulawulwe. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu:
• Impendulo yokwelashwa: Abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okubhekana nokusabela kwezidakamizwa okungekuhle (ama-ADR), ngakho kungaba nzima ukuthola nokunamathela ohlelweni lokwelashwa olukusebenzelayo.
• Ukuzwela kwe-sodium:Ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, umzimba wakho uba nomuzwa okhudlwana we-sodium. Lokhu kusho ukuthi udinga ukunciphisa inani le-sodium (usawoti) ekudleni kwakho ukuze uvimbele umfutho wegazi ophakeme (BP).
• Ukunqamuka Kwesikhathi: I-hormone i-estrogen isiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yesifo senhliziyo. Kodwa-ke, ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini ngokwemvelo noma ukususwa kwama-ovari ngokuhlinzwa kunganciphisa amazinga e-estrogen yakho , kukubeke engcupheni ephezulu yokuqhekeka kwegazi, i-atherosclerosis, kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu.
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Njengoba udlula esikhathini sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, usengozini enkulu yokukhuluphala ngokweqile - inkomba yesisindo somzimba (i-BMI) engaphezu kuka-30. Ungase futhi uthole amafutha esiswini (amafutha esiswini). Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lokhu kwandisa ingozi yakho yesifo senhliziyo. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuyingozi kakhulu kwabesifazane kunakwabesilisa (ingozi yesifo semithambo yenhliziyo iyanda ngo-64% kwabesifazane kanye no-46% kwabesilisa). Abesifazane banamathuba aphindwe kathathu okuba nesifo senhliziyo ngenxa yokukhuluphala ngokweqile.
• Ukuntuleka kokuzilolonga: Ukuzivocavoca kubonakala kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yabesifazane yokuthola isifo senhliziyo kunabesilisa. Kodwa abesifazane abaningi abazivivinyi ngokwanele.
• Ukubhema: Abesifazane ababhemayo banamathuba amaningi okuthola isifo senhliziyo (CVD) kunabesilisa ababhemayo, futhi banamathuba aphindwe kathathu okuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.
• Izifo ezithinta amasosha omzimba: Abesifazane bakha u-80% wabantu abanezifo ezithinta amasosha omzimba njenge-rheumatoid arthritis kanye ne-lupus. Lezi zifo zandisa kakhulu ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, kanye nezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo.
• I-Preeclampsia kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme ohambisana nokukhulelwa: I-Preeclampsia yandisa kakhulu ingozi yokuba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye/noma isifo sikashukela kamuva ekuphileni. Yandisa nengozi yokushaywa unhlangothi. Umuntu otholakale ene-preeclampsia unamathuba angu-75% okufa ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo esikhathini esizayo.
• Isifo Sikashukela Sokukhulelwa: Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kwandisa ingozi yokuba nesifo sikashukela impilo yonke. Kuphinde kwandise ingozi yesifo senhliziyo impilo yonke.
• I-Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Postpartum noma i-Pregnancy-associated Cardiomyopathy): Lesi yisimo lapho inhliziyo iba buthaka khona futhi ingaqhubekela phambili ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu ngisho nasekufeni.
• I-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): I-PCOS yandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo. Abantu abane-PCOS bangaba nezici eziyingozi ezifana nesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol ephezulu, kanye ne-sleep apnea.
• Ukwelashwa kokuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo (noma 'iphilisi'): Ukuthatha 'iphilisi' kungandisa ingozi yakho yesifo senhliziyo uma unezinye izici eziyingozi, njengokukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukubhema.

Ukuhlolwa kanye nokwelashwa kwesifo senhliziyo kuhluke kanjani kwabesifazane?

Kukhona futhi umehluko ekuhlolweni nasekuphathweni kuye ngobulili. Isibonelo:

• Ngezinye izikhathi, esikhundleni sokuba nongqimba olukhulu lwamafutha (i-plaque) emthanjeni (isifo semithambo yenhliziyo esivimbelayo), kungase kube nongqimba oluncane lwamafutha ngaphakathi komthambo. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kwabesifazane. I-angiogram ye-coronary ayihlali ibona lolu hlobo longqimba lwamafutha. Ngakho-ke, uma unezimpawu futhi imiphumela yokuhlolwa ikhombisa ukuthi ikhona, kungadingeka ukuthi wenze izivivinyo ezengeziwe ukuthola imbangela yezimpawu zakho.
• Abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuthi bangabe besabekezelela uhlobo lomuthi olubizwa ngokuthi i-ACE inhibitor.
• Ama-statin ehlisa amazinga e-cholesterol awo wonke umuntu, kodwa abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuba nemiphumela emibi. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela emibi yangempela evela kuma-statin ayivelakancane kakhulu, ngisho nakwabesifazane.

Okubalulekile: Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngezingozi zakho, izimpawu, imiphumela yokuhlolwa, kanye nezimpendulo emithini. Ukwehluka komuntu ngamunye, njengomlando wethu wezokwelapha kanye nendawo esihlala kuyo, ngezinye izikhathi kungabaluleka kakhulu kunokwehluka okusekelwe kubulili.

Ingabe abesifazane bangavimbela izifo zenhliziyo? Kanjani?

Kalula nje, yebo! Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izici zakho eziyingozi bese uzama ukuzishintsha. Uma unezici eziningi eziyingozi, kulapho amathuba okuba nesifo senhliziyo enyuka khona.

Cabanga ngezinto ezibangela ingozi yesifo senhliziyo njengengozi yokuphambuka kwethayi emotweni. Uma uphambuka isipikili esisodwa, ithayi lingase liphambane ngemva kwebanga elifushane. Kodwa ungafika esitolo sokulungisa ngaphambi kokuba wonke umoya uphele. Kodwa uma uphambuka izipikili ezintathu noma ezine, ithayi lizophambana ngaphambi kokuba ufike esitolo, futhi kuzodingeka ushayele ucingo ukuze uthole usizo.

Ngokufanayo, uma unesinye sezizathu ezibangela isifo senhliziyo, ungase uphile kahle okwesikhashana. Kodwa njengoba zikhula, kungenzeka ukuthi ubhekane nezinkinga ezinkulu ngokushesha.

Ukuze ugweme ukuphambuka kwethayi, ungagwema izinto ezibukhali uma uzibona. Uma sikhuluma ngesifo senhliziyo, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi amacala angu-4 kwangu-5 esifo senhliziyo angavinjelwa!Yingakho kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izingozi onazo bese usebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze uzigweme ngangokunokwenzeka.

Nazi ezinye izinto ezithile ongazenza:

• Bona udokotela wakho ukuze uhlolwe umzimba minyaka yonke.
• Sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukulawula umfutho wegazi lakho, i-cholesterol, kanye namazinga kashukela egazini. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukuphuza imithi.
• Dala uhlelo lokuzivocavoca olukusebenzelayo. Kancane kancane yakha imizuzu eyi-150 yokuzivocavoca okulinganiselwe (njengokuhamba) ngesonto.
• Gwema imikhiqizo kagwayi futhi unciphise utshwala.
• Landela uhlelo lokudla olunempilo oluhambisana nenhliziyo.

Uma ucabanga ngokudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo, khumbula lezi zinyathelo ezilula:

• Uhlelo: Bhala phansi imigomo yakho yokudla, cela iseluleko kudokotela noma kuchwepheshe wezokudla. Bhala phansi ukudla ofuna ukukudla kaningi, kanye nokudla ofuna ukukunciphisa noma ukukuqeda.
• Khetha: Khetha izindlela zokupheka ozithandayo bese uhlela ukudla kwakho kwaleli sonto. Yenza uhlu lokudla bese uthenga kulolo hlu. Uma ukhetha ukuyodla ngaphandle, dala imenyu yakho eyenzelwe wena enezinketho ezinempilo yenhliziyo bese ukhetha kuzo kuphela.
• Ingxenye: Ngisho nokudla okuhle kungaba yingozi uma kudliwa ngobuningi. Qaphela ubukhulu bengxenye oyidlayo.
• Jabulela!: Ukudla ukudla okunempilo yenhliziyo kufanele kujabulise. Uma ungakuthandi ukudla okwenzayo, thola izindlela zokupheka ezintsha. Buza abangani bakho. Khumbula, ukuthola ibhalansi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kusebenza kakhulu kunokwenza imithetho eqinile. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokujabulela ukudla okuthandayo ngokulinganisela, noma ngabe kuseluhlwini "olunganempilo yenhliziyo".

Uma unezici eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo, noma umlando wesifo senhliziyo, awuwedwa. Izigidi zabantu ziphila nalezi zimo. Njalo ngemizuzwana engama-40, othile uba nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Lezi zibalo zingase zibonakale ziyesabisa, kodwa ukwazi lokhu kungakunika amandla okwenza izinguquko. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi amacala angu-4 kwangu-5 esifo senhliziyo angavinjelwa.

Lokhu akuyona into ongayenza wedwa. Wonke umuntu uhlala endaweni ethonya izinto ezifana nalokho akudlayo, ukuthi bavivinya umzimba kangakanani, nokuthi babhekana nokucindezeleka okungakanani. Izinqumo zomuntu siqu zodwa azisho yonke indaba. Kodwa izinqumo, ikakhulukazi uma zisekelwa yizinsiza ezifanele, zingenza umehluko omkhulu. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokho ongakwenza ukusiza impilo yenhliziyo yakho.

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Kulungile, ukuze ukhumbule ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kulokho esikhulume ngakho.

• Indlela abesifazane abathola ngayo isifo senhliziyo (`Isifo Senhliziyo`) kanye nezimpawu kungase kuhluke kwezabesilisa. Ngakho-ke ungacabangi kalula ukuthi, 'Lokhu akulona isifo senhliziyo.'
• Qaphela ukukhathala okungavamile, ukuphelelwa umoya, ubuhlungu besifuba, nezinye izimpawu ezingajwayelekile. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu.
• Qaphela izinto ezikubangela ingozi (isib. umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol, isifo sikashukela, umlando womndeni, ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, i-PCOS) bese ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngendlela yokuzilawula.
• Indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokugwema ukubhema) ingenye yezikhali ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimbela izifo zenhliziyo.
• Awuwedwa. Cela usizo, buza imibuzo, futhi uthathe umthwalo wemfanelo ngempilo yakho.

Isifo senhliziyo, impilo yabesifazane, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, izici eziyingozi, izimpawu, ukuvimbela