So wunim ɔbɔfo ketewa yi ho asɛm wɔ wo nipadua mu? (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma - ACTH) .

So woasusuw nea ɛkɔ so wɔ wo nipadua mu bere a woayɛ basaa anaasɛ wote nhyɛso kɛse nka no ho pɛn? Yɛn nipadua wɔ adamfo ketewa bi a yentumi nhu a ɔboa yɛn wɔ mmere te sɛ eyinom mu. Wɔfrɛ no ACTH. Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka saa ADWUMA yi ho asɛm.

Dɛn ne ACTH?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ACTH yɛ hormone bi a wo pituitary gland no yɛ. Ɛdi dwuma kɛse wɔ sɛnea wo nipadua yɛ n’ade wɔ adwennwen ho no mu . Sɛ ACTH fi adi a, ɛma wo adrenal ntini ahorow no yɛ cortisol a yɛn nyinaa nim no sɛ “adwennwen hormone,” ne nna mu nkwaadɔm kuw bi a wɔfrɛ no androgens.

Seesei ebia woresusuw nea saa hormone ahorow yi yɛ ho, ɛnte saa? Hormone yɛ nnuru a ɛma wo nipadua no dwumadi ahorow hyia. Wɔte sɛ abɔfo. Saa nkrasɛm yi fa wo mogya mu kɔ wo akwaa, wo honam ani, wo ntini, ne wo ntini afoforo mu. Saa nsɛnkyerɛnne yi kyerɛ wo nipadua no nea ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ ne bere a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ.

Wo pituitary gland yɛ ntini ketewaa bi a ne kɛse te sɛ pea a ɛwɔ w’amemene no ase, wɔ hypothalamus no ase pɛɛ. Ɛyɛ wo endocrine nhyehyɛe no fã. Pituitary gland no wɔ afã abien: anim fã ne akyi fã. Wo anim pituitary gland no ne nea ɛma ACTH na ɛma ɛba.

Dɛn na ɛba wɔ ACTH ho ankasa?

ACTH adwuma titiriw ne sɛ ɛbɛkanyan wo adrenal glands ma ama cortisol hormone no afi mu. Fa no sɛ ACTH te sɛ ɔsraani panyin a ɔreka akyerɛ wo adrenal glands sɛ wɔnyɛ cortisol.

Cortisol yɛ hormone a ɛho hia yiye a yɛn nipadua hia. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɛka nipadua no akwaa ne ntini biara. Wonim cortisol sɛ “adwennwen hormone,” nanso nokwarem no, ɛwɔ dwumadi afoforo pii a ɛho hia wɔ yɛn nipadua mu.

Nneɛma a ɛho hia bi a ɛfa cortisol ho ni:

• Wohwɛ sɛnea wo nipadua yɛ n’ade wɔ adwennwen ho so .
• Ɛboa ma wohwɛ ɔkwan a wo nipadua fa so de srade, protein, ne carbohydrates di dwuma, kyerɛ sɛ, wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no so .
• Ɔfe , a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nipadua no afã horow hohoro na ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ no so tew.
• Ɛma mogya mmoroso yɛ yiye .
• Ɛhwɛ asikre dodow a ɛwɔ mogya mu no so .
• Ɛboa nso ma wo nna ne wo nyane kyinhyia no yɛ adwuma yiye .

Ɛnyɛ eyi nko, ACTH yɛ biribi foforo. Ɛne sɛ, ɛkanyan adrenal glands no ma ɛma ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu nkwaadɔm a wɔfrɛ no androgens fi adi. Nea ɛka ho no, ACTH boa ma wɔyɛ nnuru a ɛkanyan ma wɔyɛ hormone pii te sɛ adrenaline ne noradrenaline.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔhwɛ ACTH dodow so?

Nhyehyɛe bi a ɛyɛ anigye yiye na ɛhwɛ wo nipadua mu ACTH dodow so. Wɔfrɛ no feedback system. Ɛfa wo hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, ne hormone ahorow bi ho. Yɛfrɛ nhyehyɛe yi nyinaa Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis . Ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ den kakra, ɛnte saa? Nanso ɛyɛ mmerɛw.

Fa no sɛ wo pituitary gland no nam mogya ntini ne ntini ketewaa bi so na ɛka wo hypothalamus ho. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ pituitary dua. Ɛnam saa dua yi so na hypothalamus no ne pituitary gland no kasa na ɛka kyerɛ no sɛ onnyi hormone ahorow bi mfi mu. Wo hypothalamus yɛ w’amemene no fã bi a ɛhwɛ nneɛma te sɛ mogya mmoroso, koma bɔ, nipadua mu hyew, ne aduan a wɔyam so.

Adrenal glands yɛ ntini nketewa abien a ɛyɛ ahinanan a ɛwɔ w’asaabo atifi.

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea saa feedback system a ɛhwɛ ACTH levels so yi yɛ adwuma:

• Sɛ wo nipadua mu cortisol dodow so tew a, wo hypothalamus no ma hormone bi a wɔfrɛ no Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) .
• Saa CRH yi kanyan w’anim pituitary lobe no ma ɛma ACTH fi adi.
• Afei ACTH kanyan wo adrenal ntini ahorow, titiriw adrenal cortex no ma ɛma cortisol ne androgens fi mu.
• Sɛ cortisol dodow kɔ soro saa a, ɛde sɛnkyerɛnne bi san kɔ hypothalamus no mu ma CRH dodow no so tew. Na saa na wɔyɛ kyinhyia no wie. Ɛte sɛ ‘on-off switch’ .

Ɛnyɛ eyi nko, sɛ wowɔ adwennwen , kyerɛ sɛ, w’adwene mu yɛ wo den a, wɔkanyan ACTH a wɔyɛ no na cortisol dodow kɔ soro.

Nanso, sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ wo hypothalamus, pituitary gland, anaa adrenal glands ho a, ebia hormone ahorow a ɛkari pɛ wɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu, a ɛne ACTH, no bɛsɛe.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobɛhwɛ ACTH dodow?

Wɔyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu de hwɛ sɛnea wo ACTH dodow te. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wubegye mogya ketewaa bi afi ntini bi a ɛwɔ wo nsa mu mu.

Nnuruyɛfo taa hyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ cortisol nhwehwɛmu nka ACTH nhwehwɛmu ho na ama wɔahu sɛ ebia ɔhaw ahorow bi wɔ pituitary gland anaa adrenal glands no mu anaa.

Afei nso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a nnuruyɛfo betumi ayɛ biribi a wɔfrɛ no ACTH stimulation test . Eyi sɔ sɛnea wo adrenal ntini ahorow no yɛ ACTH ho dwuma yiye no hwɛ. Eyi nso betumi aboa ma wɔahu ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ pituitary ne/anaasɛ adrenal ntini no mu.

Dɛn ne ACTH dodow a ɛfata?

Te sɛ cortisol no, ACTH dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no taa yɛ kɛse anɔpatutuutu. Ɛbrɛ ase nkakrankakra bere a da no kɔ so no, na ɛkɔ nea ɛba fam sen biara bɛyɛ anadwo fã. Nanso, sɛ woyɛ adwuma anadwo na woda mmere ahorow wɔ awia no mu a, saa su yi betumi asesa.

Enti, ACTH nhwehwɛmu taa hwehwɛ sɛ wɔtwe mogya anɔpa. Mpɛn pii no, dodow a ɛfata ma ACTH dodow a ɛwɔ anɔpa 7:00 ne anɔpa 10:00 ntam no yɛ picogram 7.2 kosi 63.3 wɔ mililita biara mu (7.2 kosi 63.3 pg/mL) .

Nanso kae ade biako. Saa dodow a ɛyɛ daa yi betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ lab biara mu, bere ne bere mu, ne onipa biara. Sɛ woyɛ ACTH nhwehwɛmu a, wo duruyɛfo no na ɔbɛkenkan nea efii mu bae no na waka akyerɛ wo sɛ ebia nhwehwɛmu foforo ho hia anaasɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ woyɛ.

Sɛ ACTH dodow kɔ soro a, dɛn na ɛba?

Sɛ wo ACTH dodow dɔɔso a, ɛda adi sɛ wo cortisol dodow nso dɔɔso. Esiane sɛ cortisol ka nipadua no wɔ akwan pii so nti, ebia wubehu nea efi cortisol a ɛdɔɔso mu ba mmom sen sɛ wubehu ACTH a ɛdɔɔso ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, sɛ wo adrenal glands no ntumi nyɛ cortisol a ɛdɔɔso a, ACTH dodow betumi akɔ soro. Wɔ saa tebea horow no mu no, ebia wubehu cortisol a ɛba fam ho sɛnkyerɛnne, na ɛnyɛ ACTH a ɛkɔ soro.

Nneɛma pii nti na ACTH dodow kɔ soro:

• Cushing yare: Eyi ne ade a ɛtaa ma ACTH dodow kɔ soro. Eyi fi akisikuru a ɛnyɛ kokoram (adenoma) a ɛwɔ pituitary gland a ɛma ACTH pii no. Afei eyi ma cortisol dodow kɔ soro. Ɛho hia sɛ yɛte nsonsonoe a ɛda Cushing yare ne Cushing yare no ntam ase . Cushing yare no yɛ nneɛma pii a ɛde Cushing yare no ba no mu biako pɛ.
• Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone tumor: Ɛntaa mma koraa sɛ akisikuru a ɛba wo pituitary gland akyi no betumi ayi ACTH pii afi mu. Akuru a ebetumi ama ACTH aba saa kwan yi so (ɛwom sɛ ɛntaa nsi koraa de) no bi ne ahurututu mu akisikuru a ɛnyɛ kokoram a ɛte sɛ kokoram, nsupɔw so nkwammoaa akisikuru a ɛwɔ dwensɔtwaa mu, medullary carcinoma a ɛwɔ thyroid mu, ahurututu mu nkwammoaa nketenkete akisikuru, ne thymus ntini mu akisikuru .
• Adrenal insufficiency titiriw: Saa tebea yi ba bere a biribi asɛe wo adrenal glands na entumi nyɛ cortisol yiye no. Addison yare noEyi ne ade a ɛtaa de adrenal a entumi nyɛ adwuma titiriw ba. Ne saa nti, wo pituitary gland no gyae ACTH pii efisɛ ɛpɛ sɛ ɛkanyan adrenal glands no.

Sɛ ACTH dodow so tew a, dɛn na ɛba?

Sɛ ACTH dodow sua esiane ɔhaw bi a ɛwɔ pituitary gland no mu nti a, mpɛn pii no cortisol dodow nso bɛba fam. Nanso, sɛ cortisol dodow dɔɔso esiane ɔhaw bi a ɛwɔ adrenal gland no mu nti a, ACTH dodow betumi akɔ fam.

Nneɛma pii nti na ebia ACTH dodow no sua:

• Cushing yare: Cushing yare a ebetumi afi adrenal gland tumor anaasɛ corticosteroid nnuru a wɔde di dwuma bere tenten ma tebea afoforo mu aba no betumi ama ACTH dodow akɔ fam. Eyi te saa efisɛ wo pituitary gland no ntumi nyi ACTH mfi hɔ sɛnea ɛsɛ esiane cortisol a ɛboro so nti.
• Hypopituitarism: Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi koraa. Eyi ne bere a wo pituitary gland no ntumi nyɛ hormone no biako, pii, anaa ne nyinaa kakraa bi dodo. ACTH yɛ nkwaadɔm a ebetumi aka no no mu biako. Biribiara a ɛsɛe wo pituitary gland, te sɛ akisikuru, oprehyɛn, anaa mframa a wɔde sa yare no betumi ama woanya hypopituitarism.

Ebia seesei deɛ, woate aseɛ sɛ ACTH ho hia na ama woatumi ahwɛ wo cortisol dodoɔ so. Sɛ worehu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ cortisol dodow kɔ soro anaa ɛba fam, te sɛ wo mu duru a ɛkɔ soro anaasɛ ɛso tew, mogya mmoroso a ɛkɔ soro anaa ɛba fam a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn. Obetumi ayɛ cortisol ne ACTH mogya mu nhwehwɛmu de ahu sɛ ebia wo adrenal glands anaa pituitary gland na ɛde wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ba anaa.

Enti nneɛma bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae?

ACTH yɛ hormone a ɛho hia yiye a pituitary gland no yɛ a ɛboa ma wodi adwennwen so wɔ yɛn nipadua mu.

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- wei ne nea ɛkanyan adrenal ntini no ma ɛyɛ "adwennwen hormone" cortisol .

- Cortisol di nneɛma pii so, te sɛ yɛn nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra, mogya mmoroso, ne asikre dodow a ɛwɔ mogya mu.

- nhyehyɛe bi a ɛyɛ den a ɛfa hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ne adrenal glands ho na ɛhwɛ ACTH dodow so .

- se ACTH dodoɔ no kɔ soro anaasɛ ɛso tew a, ɛbɛtumi ama Cushing yareɛ, Addison yareɛ aba.Akwahosan ho haw ahorow betumi aba.

- se wowo nsenkyerennee bi wo yei ho a, eye se wobehu oduruyɛfo a wonsuro na woahwehwɛ afotuo.

` ACTH, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Cortisol, Pituitary ntini, Adrenal ntini, Nkwammoaa, Adwennwen