So wo duruyɛfo aka akyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ ANA nhwehwɛmu? Ebia bere a ɔkaa saa no, wotee ehu ne ehu kakra nka. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata ma nsɛmmisa te sɛ "Dɛn ne sɔhwɛ yi?", "Dɛn na ɛhwehwɛ?", "So mɛyare denneennen sɛ amanneɛbɔ no yɛ papa a?" sɛ ɛbɛba w’adwene mu. Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo. Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛkasa wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ adamfofa su so afa nea ANA sɔhwɛ yi yɛ, nea enti a wɔyɛ, ne sɛnea wɔkyerɛ n’amanneɛbɔ ase.
Nea edi kan no, ma yɛnhwɛ nea ANA yi kyerɛ.
Sɛ yɛbɛte eyi ase a, ɛsɛ sɛ yedi kan hu yɛn nipadua no ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe, nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ho asɛm kakra . Fa no sɛ yɛn nipadua te sɛ ɔman. Afei saa nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa yi ne asraafo a wɔwɔ saa ɔman no mu. Sɛ ahɔho atamfo te sɛ mmoawa ne mmoawa , hyɛn nipadua no mu a, asraafo dɔm yi hu wɔn, tow hyɛ wɔn so, na wɔsɛe wɔn.
Nkwammoaa a wɔko tia nyarewa yɛ asraafo kuw titiriw bi a wɔwɔ saa asraafo dɔm yi mu. Wɔte sɛ "WANTED" poster ma polisifo. Wɔn adwuma ne sɛ wobehu ɔtamfo a wahyɛn amu no mu na wɔde wɔn ahyɛ ahobammɔ nkwammoaa afoforo nsa.
Nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a yɛn ahobammɔ no di mfomso ketewaa bi. Sɛ́ anka wɔbɛyɛ ahɔho ntuafo no, wodi mfomso bu yɛn ankasa nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw no sɛ “atamfo.” Afei yɛn ankasa ahobammɔ fi ase tow hyɛ yɛn ankasa nkwammoaa so. Eyi ne sɛnea yɛfrɛ nipadua mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛnteɛ a wɔyɛ tia yɛn ankasa nkwammoaa no sɛ autoantibodies .
Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) yɛ autoantibody ahorow a ɛte saa no mu biako. Sɛnea asɛmfua ``nuklea'' a ɛwɔ wɔn din mu no kyerɛ no, wɔn botae titiriw ne yɛn nkwammoaa no fã a "amemene", ``nuklea'' . ANA yi dodow a ɛkɔ soro wɔ mogya mu no yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia yɛwɔ yare bi a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa , tebea a yɛn ankasa nipadua reko atia ne ho.
Dɛn nti na oduruyɛfo bi bɛkamfo ANA nhwehwɛmu yi akyerɛ?
Sɛ wo duruyɛfo susuw sɛ wowɔ yare bi a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa a egyina sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi a worenya so (sɛ nhwɛso no, nkwaa mu yaw a ɛkɔ so , honam ani akisikuru , ɔbrɛ a ɛtra so ), ebia ɔbɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ ANA nhwehwɛmu de si so dua anaasɛ wɔapow sɛ ebetumi aba.
Aduruyɛ mu tebea atitiriw a ANA nhwehwɛmu no betumi aboa ma wɔahu no bi wɔ ase ha.
| Tebea | Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a... |
|---|---|
| Nhyehyɛe mu Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - Lupus yare | Ɛyɛ tebea a emu yɛ den a ebetumi aka nipadua no akwaa ahorow te sɛ honam ani, nkwaa, asaabo, ne amemene. |
| Sjögren Yare a Ɛyɛ Fɛ | Tebea a ɛma aniwa ne ano yɛ kusuu titiriw. |
| Scleroderma a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma | Honam ani a ɛyɛ den na ɛyɛ den ne sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw, na ebetumi aka akwaa a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu nso. |
| Polymyositis anaa Honam ani yare | Tebea a ɛma ntini yɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ hyew. |
| Ntini a Ɛma Nkitahodi a Wɔadi Afra (MCTD) . | Tebea a ɛka nyarewa pii te sɛ lupus ne scleroderma ho sɛnkyerɛnne bom. |
Nea ɛka ho no, ebia ANA nhwehwɛmu no bɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ papa wɔ kokoram tebea horow bi mu.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi? So ɛyɛ yaw?
Ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye. Ɛte sɛ bere a wode mogya ma no ara pɛ. Ɔyarehwɛfo anaa oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ mogya a ɛma mogya tu no fa mogya ketewaa bi fi ntini bi a ɛwɔ wo nsa mu mu. Ɛnnye simma biako mpo. Afei wɔde aduru ketewaa bi kyekyeree baabi a ɛhɔ yɛ fɛ. Ɛno ne no. Ɛno ara ne nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ.
Afei, wɔ aduruyɛdan mu no, ɔyare ho ɔbenfo bi de ɔkwan titiriw bi bɛhwɛ wo mogya mu. Wɔfrɛ ɔkwan a wɔtaa fa so no indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) . Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wode ANA a wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete titiriw bi ma ɛhyerɛn no bɛgu wo mogya no ho fĩ. Afei wɔkyerɛw amanneɛbɔ no denam nkwammoaa a ɛhyerɛn no a wɔhwɛ so.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na yɛbɛte sɔhwɛ amanneɛbɔ no ase?
Wo nsa bɛka sɔhwɛ amanneɛbɔ no wɔ nna kakraa bi mu. Ebia ɛwɔ afã atitiriw abiɛsa. Momma yɛnte wɔn ase mmiako mmiako wɔ nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den mu.
| Ɔfã a ɛwɔ amanneɛbɔ no mu | Dɛn na ɛno ka? |
|---|---|
| Nkyerɛase (Asɛmpa / Nea enye) . | Eyi ne ade titiriw a ɛsen biara. Sɛ́ ebia wobehu ANA wɔ wo mogya mu anaasɛ wɔanhu no. Sɛ wohu a, wɔbɛkyerɛw no sɛ "Positive". Sɛ ɛnte saa a, wɔbɛkyerɛw no sɛ "Negative". |
| Titer Akenkan (dodow) . | Sɛ nhwehwɛmu no da adi sɛ ɛyɛ papa a, ade a edi hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ ne nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa yi dodow a ɛwɔ mu. Wɔakyerɛ eyi wɔ nsusuwii te sɛ 1:40, 1:80, 1:160, 1:320 mu. Dodow a dodow no kɔ soro no, dodow no ara na antibody dodow no kɔ soro. Dodow a ɛdɔɔso no, dodow no ara na ɛda adi sɛ obi benya yare bi a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa. |
| Fluorescent Nhwɛsode a Wɔde Yɛ Nneɛma | Oduruyɛfo no nso betumi anya nsɛnkyerɛnne bi afi ɔkwan a nkwammoaa no nucleus no fa so hyerɛn wɔ microscope ase, kyerɛ sɛ, "nsusuwii" no mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nsusuwii ahorow bi wɔ hɔ te sɛ "Homogenous", "Speckled", "Centromere". Nhwɛso ahorow bi yɛ nea ɛfa nyarewa bi ho pɔtee. Eyi yɛ den kakra, enti wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ mu akyerɛ wo. |
Sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu hu sɛ wowɔ ANA a, so ɛsɛ sɛ wusuro?
Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ni. Esiane sɛ ANA nhwehwɛmu no yɛ papa nti, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ autoimmune yare 100% wɔ bere no mu. Ma eyi ntra w’adwenem.
Nokwarem no, nnipa 10 biara a wɔwɔ apɔwmuden a wonni yare biara mu bɛyɛ 3 pɛ na wɔbɛyɛ ANA nhwehwɛmu a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔwɔ apɔwmuden. Ɛno yɛ ade a ɛfata.
Ebia nneɛma afoforo wɔ hɔ a enti ANA nhwehwɛmu no yɛ papa.
- Bere a wowɔ ɔyare mmoawa te sɛ atiridii a ɛtaa de ɔyare mmoawa ba no.
- Esiane nnuru a wonom no bi nti.
- Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ANA betumi anya adwempa bere a obi nyin no.
Enti, sɛ wo ANA nhwehwɛmu no yɛ papa a, wo duruyɛfo no bebu no sɛ ɛyɛ ahodwiriwde no fã biako pɛ. Obesusuw wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, nhwehwɛmu afoforo a efii mu bae, ne ANA amanneɛbɔ yi ho, na afei ɔbɛba awiei a etwa to. Ebia ɔbɛkamfo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu pɔtee afoforo nso akyerɛ (e.g. anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm) na aboa ma wɔahu tebea no.
Enti, ANA sɔhwɛ no yɛ adwinnade a ɛsom bo yiye a ɛboa nnuruyɛfo ma wohu nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa . Nanso mma w’ankasa wo ho nnpopo bere a woahu amanneɛbɔ no awie no. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa nsɛmmisa anaa adwenem naayɛ biara a wowɔ ho. Ɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ biribiara mu akyerɛ wo na ɔde akwankyerɛ a ɛho hia ama wo.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- ANA nhwehwɛmu yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den a ɛboa ma wohu nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa .
- Eyi kyerɛ antibody bi a wɔyɛ tia yɛn ankasa nipadua no ankasa nkwammoaa.
- Esiane sɛ nhwehwɛmu no yɛ "positive" nti, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ wowɔ yare no. Nnipa a wɔwɔ apɔwmuden nso betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu ahu sɛ wɔanya bi.
- Amanneɛbɔ no afã abiɛsa no nyinaa ho hia: nea efi mu ba (Positive/Negative), nnuru dodow a ɛko tia nyarewa (Titer), ne sɛnea ɛhyerɛn (Pattern).
- Bere nyinaa wo ne wo duruyɛfo nsusuw wo nhwehwɛmu amanneɛbɔ ne nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ akyi . Mma w’ankasa nsi gyinae anaa nsuro a ɛho nhia.
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