So yebesua sɛnea ɛkari pɛ (Homeostasis) a ɛyɛ nwonwa wɔ yɛn nipadua mu no ho ade?

Fa no sɛ wufi mmirikatu tenten mu ba fie na woredi agoru. Wo nipadua abrɛ paa, wo ho fifiri pii, na wohome denneennen. Nanso bere bi akyi no, eyi nyinaa san ba sɛnea na ɛte kan no, ɛnte saa? Anaasɛ, da a awɔw wom paa no, wo nipadua wosow. Dɛn nti na eyi ba? Eyi nyinaa akyi no, ‘nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ adwuma ankasa’ a ɛyɛ nwonwa wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Bere a yennim no, nhyehyɛe yi yɛ adwuma ma biribiara a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no kɔ so yɛ nea ɛfata. Ɛnnɛ yɛreka saa adeyɛ a ɛyɛ nwonwa yi ho asɛm, a ɛyɛ homeostasis.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne homeostasis?

Homeostasis yɛ ade a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye. Ɛyɛ adeyɛ a nipadua no nam so ma nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia (ɔhyew, oxygen dodow, asikre dodow, ne nea ɛkeka ho) yɛ nea ɛyɛ den na ɛkari pɛ bere nyinaa. Te sɛ kar engine radiator yɛ adwuma ma engine no hyew kɔ so yɛ pɛ no.

Hela nsɛmfua abien na ɛka bom yɛ saa asɛmfua yi. Nea ɛkyerɛ "ɛyɛ pɛ" ne "sɛ wobɛkɔ so ayɛ dinn." Ɛne sɛ, sɛ yɛbɛma biribiara akari pɛ, akodu baabi a ɛfata. Saa kari pɛ yi nkyerɛ sɛ yɛrenhwe ase bere a yɛnantew no, na mmom yɛbɛma biribiara a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu "a ɛkari pɛ."

Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wode saa ‘store’ yi sie. Efisɛ, nneɛma a ɛho hia yɛn paa mpo, sɛ ɛdɔɔso dodo a, ebetumi ayɛ asiane. Susuw nsu ho hwɛ. Yɛrentumi nyɛ adwuma a nsu nni hɔ. Nanso sɛ wonom nsu pii prɛko pɛ a, ebetumi de tebea bi a asiane wom a wɔfrɛ no hyponatremia (sodium a ɛba fam wɔ mogya mu) aba . Saa ara na oxygen nso te. Yɛrentumi ntra ase a oxygen nni hɔ. Nanso, sɛ wohome oxygen a ɛho tew kyɛ dodo a, wubetumi anya oxygen awuduru . Eyinom abien nyinaa betumi adi awu. Enti, seesei woate sɛnea ɛho hia sɛ woma biribiara kari pɛ no ase, ɛnte saa?

Enti, ɔkwan bɛn so na saa adeyɛ yi kɔ so wɔ nipadua no mu?

Saa homeostasis adeyɛ yi si ara kwa koraa, kyerɛ sɛ, ɛba ara kwa. Ɛho nhia sɛ yesusuw ho mpo. Yɛn amemene no fã ketewaa bi a wɔfrɛ no hypothalamus ne beae titiriw a ɛhwɛ eyinom nyinaa so. Te sɛ adwumakuw kɛse bi CEO.

Akwan abien titiriw na saa adeyɛ yi fa so ba.

1. Nsɛm a Ɛnyɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Ma

2. Nsɛm Pa a Wɔde Ma

Momma yɛnka saa abien yi ho asɛm pefee mprempren. Sɛ ɛbɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobɛte nsonsonoe a ɛda abien no ntam ase a, hwɛ pon a ɛwɔ ase hɔ no.

1. Adeyɛ a Wɔde Ma Nsɛm a Ɛnyɛ Bɔne

"Negative" wɔ ha no nkyerɛ "bɔne." Ɛkyerɛ sɛ sɛ nipadua no hu nsakrae bi a, ɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛdan saa nsakrae a wɔmpɛ no anaasɛ ɛbɛko atia . Homeostatic akwan pii a ɛkɔ so wɔ yɛn nipadua mu no kɔ so wɔ saa kwan yi so.

• Nipadua mu hyew: Fa no sɛ wo ho yɛ hyew paa. Sɛ w’amemene te eyi nka a, ɛma wo ho fifiri. Bere a fifiri no yɛ nwini no, wo nipadua no dwo. Afei nso, sɛ wo ho yɛ nwini a, wo ntini fi ase wosow. Saa ahopopo yi ma ɔhyew ba na ɛma wo nipadua yɛ hyew. Eyi ne yɛn nipadua abɔde mu ‘ɔhyew’ ne ‘AC’.
• Mogya Nhyɛso: Sɛ wusɔre fi akongua so mpofirim a, mogya a ɛkɔ wo ti no bi na tumi a ɛtwe ade ba fam no twe kɔ fam. Bere koro no ara mu no, yɛn nhyehyɛe no fi ase ba mu, na ɛma mogya ntini no mu yɛ den, ɛma koma no bɔ ntɛmntɛm kakra, na ɛma mogya kɔ amemene no mu sɛnea ɛsɛ. Ɛno nti na ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na yɛn adwene tu fra.
• Nsu a ɛkari pɛ wɔ nipadua no mu: Sɛ wonom nsu pii a, ebehia sɛ wotow wo ho gu bere tiaa bi akyi. Eyi yɛ sɛ wobeyi nsu a ɛboro so a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no afi hɔ na ama biribiara ‘ho atew’.
• Oxygen dodow: Sɛ woteɛteɛ w’apɔw mu a, wo ntini hia oxygen pii. Saa bere no, wo home ne wo koma bɔ kɔ soro ara kwa. Wɔde oxygen a ɛboro so yi kɔ wo nipadua nyinaa mu ntɛmntɛm. Sɛ woteɛteɛ w’apɔw mu wie a, eyinom abien nyinaa san kɔ sɛnea na ɛte kan no.

2. Nsɛm pa a Wɔde Ma Ho Adesua

Nsɛm pa a wɔde ma ne adeyɛ a wɔde hyɛ adeyɛ bi a wɔafi ase dedaw mu den na wɔma ɛyɛ ntɛmntɛm. Eyi kɔ so kosi sɛ wobeyi nea ɛde adeyɛ no bae no afi hɔ.

• Awo ne Awo: Sɛ awo fi ase a, awotwaa no fi ase trɛw. Saa ntrɛwmu yi de sɛnkyerɛnne bi kɔ amemene no mu. Wɔ mmuaema mu no, amemene no ma hormone bi a wɔfrɛ no oxytocin . Saa hormone yi ma awotwaa no twetwe denneennen. Bere a awotwaa no twetwe denneennen no, awotwaa no trɛw kɛse, na ɛno nso ma wonya oxytocin pii. Saa kyinhyia yi kɔ so kosi sɛ wɔbɛwo akokoaa no na awotwaa no asan akɔ ne gyinabea a ɛfata.
• Hemostasis: Sɛ wotwa wo nsa anaa wo nan na mogya tu a, nneɛma a ɛma mogya tu wɔ wo mogya mu no bom boa ma wotumi to kuru no mu. Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom wɔfa nneɛma a ɛma mogya tu pii nso kɔ wɛbsaet no so, te sɛ nea wɔresrɛ mmoa pii. Saa "mmoa a wɔfrɛ" yi kɔ so kosi sɛ mogya no gyae koraa.
• Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa ne ɔfe: Sɛ yɛn nipadua no nya ɔyare mmoawa anaa opira bi a, yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ma ɛyɛ hyew. Saa ɔfe yi te sɛ kanea a wɔde hyerɛn wɔ baabi a opira no wɔ no. Ɛkyerɛ nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no baabi pɔtee a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkɔ. Nkwammoaa no ma ɔfe no kɔ so kosi sɛ wobehia mmoa pii.

Dɛn nti na saa kari pɛ yi ho hia yɛn saa?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, yɛrentumi ntra ase a homeostasis nka ho. Yare biara, aduruyɛ tebea biara a yenim no yɛ homeostasis nhyehyɛe yi a wɔsɛe no wɔ baabi.

Sɛ woyare anaa wopira a, wo nipadua sesa saa homeostatic akwan yi ma ɛboa wo ma wo ho tɔ wo. Sɛ nhwɛso no, atiridii ba bere a woanya ɔyare mmoawa, mogya tu bere a woapira no, na nipadua no bɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛsan akari pɛ yi.

Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a nhyehyɛe yi ntumi nni ɔhaw no ho dwuma. Ɛno ne bere a tebea horow a enni sabea sɔre.

• Mogya mmoroso (Hypertension): Saa tebea yi ba bere a nipadua no ntumi nkura mogya mmoroso mu wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so no.
• Nnompe mu yare: Saa yare yi ba bere a nipadua no ntumi nkyekye nnompe mu ntini foforo ntɛmntɛm sɛnea woyi calcium fi nipadua no mu no.

Nyarewa bi sɔre efisɛ saa homeostasis nhyehyɛe yi ankasa ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye, na ɛma tebea no yɛ kɛse.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no boa ma eyi ba?

Ɛnyɛ nhyehyɛe biako pɛ na homeostasis yɛ. Ɛyɛ nipadua no nyinaa kuw mmɔdenbɔ.

Ntini a Ɛma Ntini Ho Nhyehyɛe

Yɛn ntini ahorow te sɛ kar a ɛma kar tu mmirika ne breki. Saa nhyehyɛe abien yi yɛ adwuma a ɛne wɔn ho wɔn ho bɔ abira, na ɛma biribiara kari pɛ.

• Sympathetic nervous system: Eyi ne yɛn ‘accelerator’. Wɔ asiane bere mu no, saa nhyehyɛe yi kanyan "ako-anaa-guan" mmuae no.
• Parasympathetic nervous system: Eyi ne yɛn ‘ahomegye’. Saa nhyehyɛe yi ma nipadua no dwo na ɛma yɛn dwo bere a yɛwɔ ahobammɔ na yɛn ho tɔ yɛn no.

Nnompe Nhyehyɛe

Wɔresesa yɛn nnompe no bere nyinaa. Nnompe mu ntini dedaw no bubu na wɔyɛ foforo. Calcium ne vitamin D ho hia na ama saa adeyɛ yi akɔ so yiye. Saa adeyɛ yi brɛ ase bere a yɛrenyin no. Sɛ dompe foforo anhyehyɛ ntɛmntɛm sɛnea dompe no bubu no a, tebea horow te sɛ nnompe a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaa nnompe mu yare betumi aba.

Ɔhome Nhyehyɛe

Yɛn home nso di homeostasis akwan horow pii so.

• Oxygen dodow: Sɛ yɛtu mmirika a, yɛhome denneennen na ama nipadua no anya oxygen pii.
• Mogya mu pH: Ɔhome nhyehyɛe no de carbon dioxide di dwuma de hwɛ sɛnea acid ne base kari pɛ wɔ yɛn mogya mu. Sɛ wɔsɛe saa kari pɛ yi a, tebea horow te sɛ ɔhome mu acidosis anaa ɔhome mu alkalosis betumi aba.

Endocrine Nhyehyɛe

Saa nhyehyɛe yi ne baabi a yɛn nipadua no yɛ hormone ahorow. Hormone ahorow te sɛ nnuru abɔfo. Saa nkwaadɔm yi boa ma wodi nneɛma pii so, a nea ɛka ho ne aduan a wɔyam, nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra, ne awo nhyehyɛe no dwumadi.

Sɛnea ɛte wɔ asɛm no mu no, yɛn nipadua yɛ adwuma yiye bere a biribiara "teɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ." Ɛdenam sɛnea homeostasis nhyehyɛe yi yɛ adwuma a yɛbɛte ase so no, yebetumi aboa yɛn nipadua ma akura saa kari pɛ no mu. Ebia ɛyɛ nsu pii a wobɛnom kɛkɛ, anaasɛ wobɛkɔ akɔbɔ wo ho akɔneaba, anaasɛ wobɛnom nnuru a ɛfata ama tebea pɔtee bi. Saa kari pɛ a yɛbɛkɔ so akura mu no betumi ama nsakrae kɛse aba yɛn asetra mu yiyedi mu.