Ɛsono yɛn nyinaa honam ani kɔla, yɛn ti nhwi kɔla, ne aniwa kɔla, ɛnte saa? Ebinom yɛ fitaa paa, afoforo nso ho yɛ fitaa, na ebinom honam ani yɛ tuntum. Saa ara na ɛte wɔ ti nhwi ho, a ɛwɔ kɔla tuntum ne bruu tuntum. Susuw ho hwɛ, hena ne kokoam dwumayɛni a ɔde kɔla nwonwaso yi ka yɛn honam ani hwɛbea ho? Saa kokoam ade no ne nea yɛfrɛ no melanin . Ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka melanin ho asɛm, te sɛ nea yɛne yɛn adamfo bi rekasa kɛkɛ.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne melanin?
Melanin yɛ abɔde mu aduru a yɛn ankasa nipadua na ɛyɛ. Sɛnea yɛde mfonini di dwuma bere a yɛreyɛ mfonini no, saa ara na yɛn nipadua de aduru a wɔfrɛ no melanin yi di dwuma ma yɛn honam ani, yɛn ti nhwi, ne yɛn aniwa nya kɔla soronko. Ɛyɛ nnuru a ɛyɛ den a wɔde amino acid a wɔfrɛ no `(Tyrosine)` na ɛyɛ. Nanso mma nsɛm a ɛte saa nnhaw wo. Kae kɛkɛ sɛ melanin yɛ yɛn nipadua no kɔla a efi awosu mu .
Ɛhe na wɔyɛ melanin wɔ yɛn nipadua mu?
Wɔyɛ melanin wɔ nkwammoaa soronko bi a wɔfrɛ no melanocytes mu . Yɛsan frɛ eyinom "melanin adwumayɛbea nketewa." Saa adwumayɛbea ahorow yi wɔ mmeae pii wɔ yɛn nipadua mu.
- Wɔ wo ti nhwi mu.
- Wɔ wo honam ani fã a emu dɔ sen biara no mu.
- Wɔ mmeae te sɛ w’aniwa anim ne nsoromma kuw no.
- Wɔ w’amemene no mmeae bi (`Substantia nigra` ne `locus coeruleus`).
- Wɔ yɛn adrenal glands no afã horow bi.
- Wɔ aso a ɛwɔ mu no afã horow bi.
Melanin ahorow ahe na ɛwɔ hɔ?
Yiw, melanin ahorow atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛwɔ hɔ. Ɛsono sɛnea emu biara yɛ biribi wɔ yɛn nipadua ho. Momma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ.
| Melanin a ɛyɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ no | Dɛn na ɛto so? |
|---|---|
| Eumelanin a wɔfrɛ no eumelanin | Eyi ahorow abien na ɛwɔ hɔ, tuntum ne bruu. Ɛno na ɛma yɛn honam ani, yɛn ti nhwi, ne yɛn aniwa kɔla tuntum. Nnipa a wɔn ti nhwi yɛ tuntum anaa bruu no wɔ abien no nyinaa wɔ dodow a ɛsono emu biara. Sɛ eumelanin tuntum biara nni hɔ, na mmom eumelanin a ɛyɛ bruu kakra pɛ a, obi ti nhwi yɛ bruu. |
| Pheomelanin a wɔfrɛ no Pheomelanin | Saa ɔkwan yi na ɛma w’ano, wo nufu, ne wo nipadua no mmeae a ɛyɛ pink kɔla. Ebia nnipa a eumelanin ne pheomelanin dodow yɛ pɛ no ti nhwi yɛ kɔkɔɔ. |
| Ntini mu ntini a wɔfrɛ no neuromelanin | Nea ɛnte sɛ ahorow abien a aka no, eyi mfa kɔla nhyɛ nea yɛde yɛn ani hu no mu. Neuromelanin ma ntini anaa ntini mu nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ yɛn amemene mu no kɔla. |
Ɔkwan bɛn so na melanin ka nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ honam ani kɔla mu?
Eyi yɛ nokwasɛm a ɛyɛ anigye yiye. Mpɛn pii no, yɛn nyinaa wɔ adwumayɛbea ahorow a wɔyɛ melanin, anaa melanocytes, dodow koro wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Nanso, ɛsono sɛnea saa nkwammoaa no yɛ melanin dodow.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, sɛ wo melanocyte nkwammoaa no yɛ melanin pii a, wo honam ani, wo ti nhwi, ne w’ani bɛyɛ tuntum. Sɛ saa nkwammoaa no yɛ melanin kakra a, wo honam ani, wo ti nhwi, ne w’ani bɛyɛ hare. Nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ yɛn honam ani (freckles) no yɛ melanocyte nkwammoaa akuwakuw a wɔaboaboa ano wɔ baabi biako na ɛreyɛ melanin pii kɛkɛ.
Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ, honam ani kɔla yɛ nea ɛkyerɛ melanin dodow a ɛba yɛn nipadua mu, na ɛnyɛ biribi foforo biara.
Sɛnea melanin boa ma yɛbɔ yɛn honam ani hwɛbea ho ban fi owia ho
Melanin nyɛ biribi a ɛma yɛn kɔla kɛkɛ. Ɛyɛ ahobammɔfo a ɛho hia yiye wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Sɛ wokɔ owia mu a, wo nipadua no fi ase yɛ melanin pii. Ebia woahyɛ no nsow sɛ, sɛ wupue kɔ owia mu a, wo honam ani yɛ tuntum kakra. Ɛte saa efisɛ melanin a wɔyɛ no kɔ soro.
Saa melanin a ɛboro so yi yɛ adwuma te sɛ abɔde mu nkatanim, na ɛtwe ultraviolet (UV) mframa a epira a efi owia mu ba. Eyi mma saa mframa a epira no ntumi nkɔ yɛn honam ani tɔnn na ɛnsɛe nkwammoaa. Ɛbɔ awosu mu nsɛm a ɛwɔ yɛn nkwammoaa mu mpo ho ban.
Nanso kae eyi! Saa abɔde mu ahobammɔ a efi melanin nkutoo ho yi nnɔɔso sɛ ɛbɛbɔ yɛn honam ani ho ban afi owia ho koraa. Enti, ɛmfa ho sɛnea wo honam ani kɔla te biara no, ɛho hia sɛ wode aduru pa a ɛbɔ wo ho ban fi owia ho di dwuma bere biara a wobɛkɔ abɔnten.
Mfaso foforo bɛn na yenya fi melanin so?
Sɛ melanin bɔ yɛn ho ban fi owia ho da nkyɛn a, mfaso afoforo wɔ so ma yɛn.
- Ahobammɔ a wɔbɔ wɔ ROS ho: Sɛ yɛn nkwammoaa yɛ adwuma a, ɛyɛ nneɛma a epira a wɔfrɛ no ``Reactive Oxygen Species - ROS''. Sɛ eyinom boaboa ano wɔ yɛn nkwammoaa mu a, ebetumi ama yɛanyin ntɛm, anya nyarewa te sɛ asikreyare, ne kokoram. Melanin yɛ adwuma denam ROS a epira yi a ɛkyere na ɔsɛe no so.
- Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa a wɔboa: Nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi ada no adi sɛ ebia melanin bɛboa yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no na ama ɔfe a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no so atew. Nanso, wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo wɔ eyi ho.
Nyarewa a ɛnam nsakrae a ɛba wɔ melanin a wɔyɛ mu nti
Ɛtɔ da bi a, aduruyɛ mu tebea ahorow betumi aba esiane melanin a ɛba yɛn nipadua mu a ɛso tew anaa nsakrae bi a ɛba mu nti. Ma yɛnhwɛ tebea horow a ɛtete saa no bi.
| Yareɛ | Nkyerɛkyerɛmu bi kɛkɛ |
|---|---|
| Vitiligo a ɛma obi nya ɔyare mmoawa | Wɔ saa tebea yi mu no, yɛn ankasa nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no sɛe melanocyte nkwammoaa a ɛyɛ melanin no. Eyi ma honam ani kɔla hwere na nsensanee fitaa pue. Ɛwom sɛ eyi betumi ato obiara de, nanso saa nsensanee yi da adi kɛse wɔ nnipa a wɔn honam ani yɛ tuntum no mu. |
| Albinism a wɔde di dwuma | Tebea a ɛntaa nsi a nipadua no ma melanin kakraa bi pɛ na ɛde ba. Saa nkurɔfo yi honam ani yɛ fitaa paa, wɔn ti nhwi yɛ fitaa, na wɔn ani yɛ bruu. Wɔn nso wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wɔn ani nhu ade yiye na owia bɛsɛe wɔn. |
| Melasma a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu | Eyi ne bere a nsensanee a ɛyɛ bruu anaa fitaa-blue pue wɔ anim anaa nsa so. Nkwammoaa mu nsakrae, owia a wɔde di dwuma, ne nnuru a wɔde siw awo ano betumi ama eyi aba. Sɛ wowɔ nsensanee te sɛ eyi a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn akɔhwehwɛ afotu. |
| Kɔla a ɛyera bere a honam ani asɛe akyi | Sɛ wo honam ani nya ɔyare mmoawa, ɛhyew, anaasɛ ɛyɛ akisikuru a, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebia nipadua no rentumi nyɛ melanin bio wɔ baabi a asɛe no. |
| Aso a ɛyɛ mmerɛw | Esiane sɛ melanin nso wɔ yɛn aso mu nti, wɔahu sɛ nnipa a melanin sua no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya aso mu haw. |
| Parkinson yare a ɛma obi nya yare | Bere a yɛrenyin no, neuromelanin a ɛwɔ yɛn amemene mu no kɔ soro. Nanso, wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ Parkinson yare no mu no, neuromelanin dodow yi so tew bere a amemene mu nkwammoaa wuwu no. |
Sɛ melanin dɔɔso dodo wɔ nipadua no mu a, dɛn na ɛba?
Nnipa binom yɛ melanin pii wɔ wɔn nipadua mu. Wɔfrɛ eyi hyperpigmentation . Mpɛn pii no, eyi nyɛ tebea a epira. Sɛ eyi ba a, honam ani mmeae bi yɛ tuntum sen honam ani hwɛbea a atwa ho ahyia no.
So akwan bi wɔ hɔ a wobetumi afa so ama melanin dodow akɔ soro?
Ɛwom sɛ nneɛma bi wɔ gua so a wɔkyerɛ sɛ ɛma melanin dɔɔso de, nanso nyansahu mu adanse biara nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ etu mpɔn. Enti mma nneɛma a ɛtete saa nnnaadaa wo. Afei nso, nnipa binom susuw sɛ honam ani hwɛbea betumi ama melanin ayɛ kɛse. Ɛno yɛ adwene a ɛnteɛ koraa na asiane wom. Sɛ wɔma honam ani hwɛbea yɛ honam ani kokoram a, ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya honam ani kokoram no yɛ kɛse.
So Melanin ne Melatonin yɛ nneɛma abien a ɛsono emu biara?
Yiw, ɛsono saa abien yi koraa. Ɛwom sɛ nsɛmfua abien no nnyigyei yɛ pɛ de, nanso ɛsono sɛnea wɔyɛ no koraa.
- Melanin ne aduru a ɛma yɛn honam ani ne yɛn ti nhwi kɔla.
- Melatonin yɛ hormone bi a ɛhwɛ yɛn nna ne yɛn nyane kyinhyia so.
So nnipa a melanin dɔɔso wɔ wɔn honam ani betumi anya vitamin D a wonni?
Eyi nso yɛ asɛmmisa a ɛho hia. Abenfo binom gye di sɛ nnipa a wɔn honam ani yɛ tuntum no taa nya vitamin D a wonni sen wɔn a wɔn honam ani yɛ hare no. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ melanin pii twetwe UV mframa a ehia na ama wɔayɛ vitamin D. Nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a ɛfoa eyi so, nanso nhwehwɛmu pii ho hia wɔ eyi ho. Sɛ w’adwene mu yɛ wo naa wɔ eyi ho a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa ahwehwɛ afotu.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Melanin yɛ abɔde mu aduru a ɛma yɛn honam ani, yɛn ti nhwi, ne yɛn aniwa kɔla.
- Ɛwom sɛ ɛma yenya ahobammɔ a efi awosu mu wɔ owia ho de, nanso ɛnnɔɔso. Ɛmfa ho sɛnea wo honam ani kɔla te biara no, ɛho hia sɛ wode aduru pa a ɛbɔ wo ho ban di dwuma bere a worekɔ owia mu no.
- Ebia melanin dodow a ɛba fam anaasɛ ɛkɔ soro wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so no ne aduruyɛ mu tebea horow bi wɔ abusuabɔ.
- Sɛ wuhu nsakrae foforo wɔ wo honam ani kɔla mu (te sɛ nsensanee fitaa, nsensanee tuntum) a, nyansa wom sɛ woremmɔ hu na worenkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn nkɔka ho asɛm.
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