So worebɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛyare? Anaasɛ woreyɛ w’ade saa? Eyi betumi ayɛ Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self (kan no na wɔfrɛ no Munchausen Syndrome)!

So woate pɛn sɛ obi yɛ ne ho sɛ ɔyare anaa ɔyɛ ne ho sɛ ɔyare? Ebia ɛbɛyɛ wo nwonwa sɛ wobɛte eyi. Nanso, eyi yɛ adwenemyare ankasa. Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka tebea a ɛte saa ho asɛm.

Dɛn ankasa ne eyi? `Atoro Basabasa a Wɔde To Wɔn Ho`?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, `Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self` yɛ adwene mu tebea a woyɛ wo ho sɛ woyare, anaasɛ woyɛ wo ho sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow, na ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a wobɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛyare wo ho . Kan no na wɔfrɛ eyi `(Munchausen Syndrome)`.

Mpɛn pii no, saa nkurɔfo yi da sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛfa nipadua mu nyarewa ho adi. Susuw koko mu yaw, yafunu a ɛyɛ yaw, anaa atiridiinini ho. Nanso, obi a ɔwɔ saa tebea yi nso betumi anya adwene mu sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ nsusuwii hunu anaa nne a ɔte.

Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛyɛ hu kakra, efisɛ ɛnam saa suban yi so betumi de ``wɔapira wo ho'' .

Ɛyɛɛ dɛn na edin `Munchausen Syndrome` no bae?

Kan no na wɔfrɛ saa tebea yi `Munchausen Syndrome` wɔ Baron Munchausen, afeha a ɛto so 18 Germanni ɔsraani panyin bi din mu. Ná wonim no sɛ ɔka n’asetra ne osuahu ahorow ho nsɛm a ɛboro so. Enti, wɔ eyi mu nso, wɔma sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no yɛ kɛse, na ɛno nti na wɔfrɛ no saa no. Nanso, saa din no nkyerɛ sɛnea eyi yɛ den sɛ adwenemyare no ankasa. Ɛno nti na nnuruyɛfo a wɔwɔ hɔ nnɛ de edin `Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self` di dwuma no.

Saa tebea yi abu so dɛn?

Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self nokwarem no, ɛnyɛ nea abu so saa. Ɛyɛ den sɛ yɛbɛka nnipa dodow pɔtee a wɔwɔ bi. Esiane sɛ nnipa pii kɔ nnuruyɛfo ahorow pii nkyɛn kɔhwehwɛ ayaresa nti, ɛrentumi nyɛ yiye sɛ wobenya akontaabu a edi mu.

Suban bɛn na eyi yɛ?

Suban ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a wobetumi ahu wɔ tebea yi mu:

• Yɛyɛ wo ho sɛ wowɔ honam fam sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow (e.g., tiyɛ, yafunu mu yaw, koko mu yaw) a enni hɔ ankasa.
• Wobɛyɛ wo ho sɛ wowɔ adwene mu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a enni hɔ ankasa (e.g., nneɛma a enni hɔ a wubehu, obi a wobɛte sɛ ɔrekasa).
• Obi a ɔbɛyare anaasɛ ɔde honam fam sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bɛba (e.g., sɛ ɔbɛsɛe kuru denam sɛ ɔremma ɛnsa, ɔfe, anaa ɔrenni biribi a awuduru wom).

Su ahorow bɛn na wuhu wɔ eyi mu?

Sɛ wowɔ `Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self` a, wobɛtumi ayɛ atoro anaasɛ wobɛma ayɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛboro so. Wubetumi:

• Wubetumi adi atoro aka sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a wunni bi.
• Nsɛnkyerɛnne foforo betumi ada adi bere a nhwehwɛmu no aba anaasɛ bere a wɔafi ayaresa ase akyi.
• Ebia yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne bɛda adi bere a wo nkutoo na wowɔ hɔ .
• Wobetumi asesa nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hu yare no (e.g., wɔde biribi foforo bɛka nsu a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu ho).
• Ebia wɔbɛyɛ wɔn ho sɛ wɔrenom aduru no, de asie, anaa wɔagyaw.
• Wubetumi apira wo ho bere nyinaa .

Nsɛnkyerɛnne afoforo betumi ayɛ:

• Aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm a ɛbɔ abira.
• Obi nipasu a ɔbɛsakra anaasɛ ɔde atoro nipasu bɛkyerɛ.
• Ayaresabea ahorow ne nnuruyɛbea ahorow pii a wɔbɛkɔ akɔyɛ ayaresa.
• Ɔmpɛ sɛ wɔma nnuruyɛfo kɔhwɛ wɔn abusua, anaasɛ wɔne nnuruyɛfo a wɔasa wɔn yare pɛn bɛkasa.
• Ɔpɛ a wɔwɔ sɛ wɔbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ anaa ayaresa a ɛyɛ yaw.

Dɛn nti na eyi rekɔ so? Dɛn ne nea enti a ɛte saa?

Nnuruyɛfo da so ara nnim nea ɛde Factitious Disorder ba ankasa. Nanso, nhwehwɛmu ahorow kyerɛ sɛ ebia adwene mu nneɛma (wo nipasu afã horow a ɛka wo nsusuwii ne wo nneyɛe) ne abɔde mu nneɛma (nnuru a ɛwɔ w’amemene mu ne awosu mu nneɛma) nyinaa na ɛde ba.

Nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ nneɛma a edidi so yi betumi anya su a wowɔ sɛ wusisi nnuruyɛfo no so nkɛntɛnso:

• Ɔpɛ a obi foforo wɔ sɛ ɔbɛhwɛ wo honam fam anaa w’adwene mu ahiade ahorow.
• Tumi anaa nea ɛkorɔn sen afoforo a wɔbɛhwehwɛ.
• Tew dadwen a ɛne sɛ wobegyaw wo hɔ no so.
• Yɛ ankorankoro nipasu foforo.

Nanso, tebea yi betumi aba a wonni nea ɛde ba a wotumi hu pefee .

Dɛn na ɛkanyan saa suban yi?

Nnipa a wɔwɔ saa tebea yi taa nim sɛ wɔreyɛ ade. Nanso, wɔnhwɛ kwan sɛ wobenya mfaso biara a ɛda adi pefee (sɛ nhwɛso no, adwuma a wobefi mu, dɛmdi ho mfaso a wobenya) afi saa nneɛma yi a wɔbɛyɛ atoro anaasɛ wɔayɛ ma atra so no mu. Mpɛn pii no, mfaso horow yi fi adwenem, nkate mu . Ebia wonhu mfaso a wɔrenya no mpo.

So eyi yɛ biribi a efi awo ntoatoaso ahorow mu?

Abusuabɔ biara nni `Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self` ne awosu mu nkwaadɔm ntam. Wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo de ahu nea ɛde ba.

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu ma tebea yi?

Ɛwom sɛ Factitious Disorder yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi de, nanso sɛ woahyia nea edidi so yi a, asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no betumi ayɛ kɛse:

• Wɔyɛ obi ayayade anaasɛ wobu ani gu no so bere a na ɔyɛ abofra.
• Ahodwiriw a emu yɛ den a wobenya.
• Nyarewa a ɛtaa ka wo anaa wo dɔfo.
• Dwumadi ahorow a ɛnkɔ so daa a ɛwɔ abusua no mu.
• Esiane sɛ woadi bere pii wɔ beae a ɛma wonya ayaresa nti.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo hu eyi?

`Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self` yɛ den kakra ma nnuruyɛfo sɛ wobehu. Oduruyɛfo di kan pow nipadua ne adwene mu tebea afoforo na ɔde gyinapɛn ahorow a ɛbɛma wɔahu no si hɔ. Ɛsɛ sɛ adanse a emu da hɔ wɔ hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ woreyɛ atoro anaasɛ woreyɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow. Mpɛn pii no, wohu yare no bere a wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu ne ayaresa mpɛn pii akyi. Nnuruyɛfo ahorow a wɔbom yɛ adwuma na wohu yare no.

So sɔhwɛ titiriw bi wɔ hɔ ma eyi?

Sɔhwɛ pɔtee biara nni hɔ a wɔde hu `Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self`. Wobetumi ayɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu, nsu mu nhwehwɛmu, ne `(Imaging tests)` de ayi tebea afoforo afi hɔ.

Wo duruyɛfo no nam nipadua mu nyarewa anaa adwenemyare afoforo a ɔpow na ɔhwɛ wo suban ne wo nneyɛe so.

Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, wo duruyɛfo betumi de wo akɔma adwenemyare ho oduruyɛfo anaa adwene ne nneyɛe ho ɔbenfo (adwumayɛfo a wɔatete wɔn titiriw ma wɔahu adwenemyare na wɔasa). Adwene ne nneyɛe ho animdefo ne adwene ho animdefo de aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm a edi mũ, nipadua mu abakɔsɛm, aduruyɛdan ne/anaasɛ mfoniniyɛ mu sɔhwɛ ahorow, ne adwene mu nhwehwɛmu nnwinnade na ɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu.

``Atoro Basabasa a Wɔde To Wɔn Ho So'' wɔ ``DSM-5'' mu.

Wo nnuruyɛfo de Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) bedi dwuma de wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no atoto tebea yi ho gyinapɛn ahorow ho. DSM-5 ne nhoma a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ a wɔde hu adwenemyare tebea horow wɔ United States.

Nneɛma a wɔde hu `Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self` no bi ne:

• Honam fam anaa adwene mu sɛnkyerɛnne ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a wɔyɛ atoro, a ɛde opira anaa nyarewa ba.
• Afoforo a wɔbɛda wɔn ho adi sɛ wɔyare, wɔyɛ mmerɛw, anaa wɔapirapira.
• Ndaadaa nneyɛe a wɔnhwɛ kwan sɛ wobenya mfaso afi akyi .
• Wɔrentumi mfa adwenemyare foforo bi nkyerɛkyerɛ saa suban yi mu yiye.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔde sa yare? (Ayaresa)

Botae a edi kan a ɛwɔ `Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self` ayaresa mu ne sɛ wɔbɛsakra nneyɛe a epira na wɔatew nnuruyɛ mu nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma ɔkwammɔne so anaasɛ wɔde di dwuma boro so so. Sɛ wodu botae ahorow yi ho wie a, w’aduruyɛfo kuw no de wɔn adwene besi nneɛma atitiriw a ɛde wo nneyɛe ba no so.

Nea wɔde wɔn adwene si so titiriw ne ɔhaw a wɔbɛtew so. Nnuruyɛfo betumi abom ahwɛ ahu sɛ worenyɛ aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu anaa ayaresa a ɛho nhia. Aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu ne ayaresa pii betumi anya nkɛntɛnso bɔne sɛ wompɛ a. Wo nnuruyɛfo ne wo bɛyɛ adwuma abɛn de asiw ɔhaw ano a egyina w’ahiade so.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), adwene mu ayaresa bi a ɛtwe adwene si wo nsusuwii ne wo nneyɛe so no betumi aboa ma wɔasa tebea yi. Abusua ayaresa nso betumi aboa w’abusua ma wɔahu tebea no ho nsɛm pii. Kuw mu ayaresa betumi aboa ma ankonamyɛ anaasɛ wɔagyaw obi hɔ ho nkate so atew.

Ayaresa betumi ayɛ den efisɛ nnipa pii a wɔwɔ `Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self` pow sɛ wɔwɔ tebea no. Nanso, sɛ woasiesie wo ho a, wubetumi anya ayaresa.

Mpɛn pii no, wubehia ayaresa afi oduruyɛfo biako hɔ anaasɛ nnuruyɛfo baanu a wɔaka abom a wɔwɔ nimdeɛ soronko (sɛ nhwɛso no, adwenemyare ho oduruyɛfo ne abusua oduruyɛfo). Wo nnuruyɛfo de wɔn adwene besi sɛ wɔbɛtew wo ho so na wɔakyerɛkyerɛ wo sɛnea wobɛhwɛ wo ho na woasiw nsɛnnennen ano.

Dɛn na ɛbɛba wɔ ayaresa akyi? (Nkɔmhyɛ) .

Wo ho a wobɛtɔ no gyina ɔpɛ a wowɔ sɛ wubegye ayaresa nhyehyɛe bi atom na woadi akyi no so. Sɛ wugye wo yare no tom na wudi wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ akyi bere a wɔreyɛ ayaresa no a, ɛda adi sɛ nea ebefi mu aba pa . Sɛ wopow ayaresa anaasɛ wugyae a, ebia nea ebefi mu aba no nyɛ papa, na wo nneyɛe betumi ayɛ nea asiane wom kɛse, na ɛde wo nkwa mpo ato asiane mu.

Bere a nnipa binom nya saa tebea yi pɛnkoro pɛ no, ebia nnipa pii benya bi mpɛn pii wɔ wɔn nkwa nna nyinaa mu, enti ɛho hia sɛ wɔkɔ so sa yare.

So ɔkwan bi wɔ hɔ a wɔbɛfa so asiw eyi ano?

Ɔkwan biara nni hɔ a wonim a wɔbɛfa so asiw tebea yi ano, nanso sɛ wofi ayaresa ase bere a sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no da adi ara pɛ a, ebetumi aboa ma wɔanya nea eye sen biara.

Nea ɛho hia: `Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self` yɛ tebea a asiane wom, a ɛde nkwa mpo to asiane mu. Sɛ wotaa pira wo ho anaasɛ wonom nnuru ma sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a wunni bi a, wubetumi anya nsunsuanso bɔne a emu yɛ den a ɛka sɛnea wo nipadua no yɛ adwuma. Nhwehwɛmu anaa ayaresa a ɛho nhia a wobɛyɛ no nso betumi apira wo nipadua no kɛse sen sɛ ɛbɛboa wo.

Bio nso, nnipa pii a wɔahu sɛ wɔwɔ `Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self` wɔ asiane mu sɛ wobenya nnuru a wɔde di dwuma ho haw ne wɔn ho a wobekum.

Sɛ wo anaa wo dɔfo bi resusuw ho sɛ obepira wɔn ho anaasɛ obenya adwene sɛ obekum ne ho a, hwehwɛ ayaresa ntɛm ara anaa frɛ 988 (Suicide and Crisis Helpline). Sɛ wo anaa wo dɔfo bi te nka sɛ wɔwɔ asiane mu ntɛm ara a, frɛ 911 anaa wo mpɔtam hɔ nɔma a egye ntɛmpɛ.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn aboa obi a ɔte sɛɛ?

Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self yɛ adwenemyare a emu yɛ den. Ebetumi ayɛ den ama onipa a ɔwɔ bi no sɛ ɔbɛte sɛnea ɛsɛe ade no ase. Sɛ wo dɔfo no wɔ saa tebea yi a, ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobɛkyerɛ bere a wɔredi atoro no. Nanso, eyi betumi ayɛ te sɛ ntua ama wɔn ankasa, na ebia wɔde abufuw, kwati, anaa basabasayɛ bɛyɛ wɔn ade wɔ wo nsɛm no ho.

Nnuruyɛfo binom kamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔne onipa no nka saa nneyɛe yi ho asɛm tẽẽ na bisa sɛ ebia ɔte adwennwen, dadwen, dadwen, anaa adwenemhaw nka anaa. Afoforo kamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔnfa ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ akasakasa so, a wɔmfa ntease biara mma, na wɔmfa wɔn nkɔma adwene ne nneyɛe ho ɔbenfo.

Sɛ wunnim baabi a wubefi ase a, hwehwɛ afotu fi oduruyɛfo anaa adwenemyare ho ɔfotufo hɔ .Wobetumi akyerɛkyerɛ wo, wo dɔfo, ne w’abusuafo ne wo nnamfo tebea no ho ade. Sɛ mobom yɛ adwuma a, mubetumi aboa ma wo dɔfo no adi wɔn ankorankoro ayaresa nhyehyɛe no akyi. Fa wɔn kɔ adwene ne nneyɛe ho ɔbenfo ne/anaasɛ ayaresa nhyehyɛe ahorow nkyɛn. Wo dɔfo a wobɛboa no (ɛnyɛ sɛ wobɛpene wɔn nneyɛe so) ne ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so aboa obi a ɔwɔ Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wo anaa wo dɔfo bi reda `Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self` nneyɛe adi a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Sɛ wosa tebea yi ntɛm a , ebetumi aboa ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobɛpira no so atew na ama wo yiyedi atu mpɔn.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wubisa oduruyɛfo no?

• Ayaresa bɛn na eye ma me?
• So mewɔ adwenemyare foforo a ɛfa ho, te sɛ adwenemhaw anaa nipasu mu ɔhaw bi?
• So wubetumi akamfo adwenemyare ho oduruyɛfo anaa ɔyaresafo bi akyerɛ?
• Mpɛn ahe na ɛsɛ sɛ mihu wo kɔyɛ ayaresa?
• Meyɛ dɛn ne me nnamfo ne m’abusuafo kasa fa tebea yi ho?

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛwɔ eyi ne ``malingering'' ntam?

Sɛ wode wo ho hyɛ `(Malingering)` nneyɛe mu a, woreyɛ agoru sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wubenya biribi a ɛda adi (e.g., adwuma anaa sukuu a woayera, akatua a wubenya). Obi a ɔwɔ `Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self` no nnya biribiara wɔ nhumu mu. Mmom no, ebia saa nneyɛe yi bɛma wɔanya nkate fam mfaso bi a ɛwɔ adwenem .

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛwɔ yare bi a obi bɛyɛ ho mfonini wɔ n’adwenem ne ɔyare bi a obi foforo bɛyɛ ho mfonini wɔ n’adwenem (Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy) ntam?

`Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self` (kan no na wɔfrɛ no `Munchausen Syndrome`) ne `Factitious Disorder a Wɔde To Ɔfoforo so` (kan no na wɔfrɛ no `Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy`) yɛ `Factitious Disorders` ahorow abien.

• `Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self` kyerɛ sɛ wobɛyɛ wo ho sɛ wowɔ yare bi.
• `Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another` ne bere a woyɛ wo ho sɛ obi a wohwɛ no (e.g. abofra anaa ɔpanyin) wɔ yare bi ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Wubetumi apira obi a wohwɛ no na woama wada honam fam anaa adwenemyare bi a onni ankasa ho sɛnkyerɛnne adi. Eyi yɛ ayayade.

Nkrasɛm a Etwa To a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self yɛ adwenemyare a emu yɛ den a ɛma obi pira ne ho. Ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ wobehu yare no na wɔasa. Nanso, sɛ woasiesie wo ho a, ayaresa ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a ɛbɛboa wo.

Wubetumi abɔ w’adɔfo amanneɛ wɔ wo tebea no ho, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobetumi aboa ma wɔabu wo akontaa. Afei nso, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛka nokware bere a worekɔ wo nnuruyɛfo nkyɛn no, efisɛ wɔpɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nea eye ma wo na wɔboa wo "yɛ wo ankasa."

Sɛ woresusuw ho sɛ wobɛpira wo ho a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara. Sɛ wo anaa wo dɔfo bi wɔ asiane mu ntɛm ara a, frɛ adwumayɛfo a wɔhwɛ ntɛmpɛ so ntɛm ara. Kae sɛ mmoa a wobɛsrɛ no nyɛ mmerɛwyɛ ho sɛnkyerɛnne, ɛyɛ ahoɔden ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

` Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self, Munchausen Syndrome, Adwene mu Akwahosan, Faking Nsɛnkyerɛnne, Wɔn ho a wɔpira, Adwene mu yare, Ayaresa