Nyinsɛn yɛ bere a ɛyɛ anigye yiye ma wo, ɛna a ɔrehwɛ kwan no. Nanso, ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata nso sɛ wubenya ehu ne adwenem naayɛ bi wɔ wo ba a ɔhyɛ yafunu mu no akwahosan ho. Saa bere yi mu no, nea ɛka scan ne mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a oduruyɛfo no yɛ ho no, wobetumi abisa wo nhwehwɛmu bi a ɛtɔ mmere bi a edin a ɛyɛ den nso ho asɛm. ‘ Amniocentesis ’ yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛte saa no mu biako. Ebia wotee ehu nka bere a wotee saa din yi. Enti, momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm tiawa nnɛ, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wo nsɛmmisa a ɛfa ho nyinaa mu bɛda hɔ.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne amniocentesis?
Wunim, nsuo bi atwa akokoaa no ho ahyia wɔ awotwaa no mu. Yɛfrɛ eyi sɛ ‘amniotic fluid’. Saa nsu yi nyɛ nsu kɛkɛ. Ɛwɔ akokoaa no nkwammoaa a nkwa wom, protein (sɛ nhwɛso no, alpha-fetoprotein - AFP), ne nneɛma pii a ɛho hia. Eyinom betumi ada akokoaa no akwahosan ho nsɛm pii adi, titiriw awosu mu nsɛm.
Amniocentesis yɛ adeyɛ a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wode ade a ɛyɛ tratraa paa fa wo yafunu mu, wɔ scan akwankyerɛ ase, na wofa amniotic nsu ketewaa bi (bɛyɛ teaspoon biako). Wɔhwehwɛ akokoaa no nkwammoaa mu na wonya akokoaa no chromosomes ho nsɛm. Wobetumi de sɔhwɛ titiriw te sɛ `(karyotype sɔhwɛ)` ne `(FISH sɔhwɛ)` adi dwuma ama eyi.
Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den (te sɛ NIPT ) hwɛ sɛ ebia akokoaa no ‘wɔ asiane mu’ sɛ obenya yare pɔtee bi nkutoo anaa. Nanso, amniocentesis nhwehwɛmu betumi ahu pefee sɛ ebia awo mu dɛmdi pɔtee bi wɔ hɔ anaasɛ enni hɔ .
Dɛn na wobetumi ahu wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu?
Nnuruyɛfo nkamfo nhwehwɛmu yi nkyerɛ obiara. Esiane sɛ asiane ketewaa bi na ɛwɔ mu nti, wɔyɛ ma ɛnanom a asiane kɛse wom sɛ wobenya awosu mu tebea horow nkutoo. Fa no sɛ, oduruyɛfo bi betumi ahyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi ho nyansa wɔ tebea a ɛte sɛɛ mu:
- Sɛ wuhu sɛ biribi a ɛnteɛ wɔ scan anaa mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a woayɛ mu a.
- Sɛ obi a ɔwɔ wo anaa wo kunu abusua mu anya awosu mu nyarewa anaa awo mu dɛmdi a.
- Sɛ woadi kan awo abofra a ɔwɔ awo mu dɛmdi a.
- Sɛ nea efii awosu mu nhwehwɛmu foforo a wɔyɛe wɔ nyinsɛn yi mu bae no nyɛ nea ɛfata a.
Ɛwom sɛ amniocentesis ntumi nhu awo mu dɛmdi nyinaa de, nanso ebetumi ahu awosu mu tebea atitiriw a edidi so yi .
| Aduruyɛ mu tebea | Nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ɛnyɛ den |
|---|---|
| Down syndrome a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu | Tebea a ɛnam chromosome foforo a ɛwɔ hɔ so ba. |
| Sickle cell yare a ɛma obi nya yare | Ɛyɛ yare a mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no nsɛso a ɛsakra na ɛde ba. |
| Cystic fibrosis a ɛma mogya tu | Nsu a ɛyɛ den a ɛba mmeae te sɛ ahurututu ne aduan mu nhyehyɛe. |
| Ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw | Ɛyɛ yare a ntini ahorow no yɛ mmerɛw nkakrankakra na ɛyɛ mmerɛw. |
| Neural tube mu sintɔ ahorow | Tebea a akokoaa no amemene ne n’akyi berɛmo ntumi nnyin yiye. Sɛ nhwɛso no, spina bifida. |
Afei nso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a scan a wɔyɛ no bere koro no ara mu ne sɔhwɛ yi tumi hu awo mu dɛmdi afoforo te sɛ anom/anofafa a apaapae. Sɛ wopɛ a, sɔhwɛ yi nso betumi ahu akokoaa no bɔbeasu a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ 100% .
Bere bɛn na wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi?
Wɔtaa yɛ saa sɔhwɛ yi wɔ nyinsɛn no adapɛn 15 kosi 18 ntam .
Eyi yɛ nokware dɛn?
Amniocentesis yɛ bɛyɛ 99.4% pɛpɛɛpɛ . Ɛntaa mma koraa sɛ ebia wɔrennya nea ebefi mu aba esiane mfiridwuma mu ntease ahorow te sɛ nsu a ɛdɔɔso a wɔreboaboa ano nti.
Asiane ahorow ne akwan horow a wobetumi apaw wɔ sɔhwɛ no mu
Eyi ne ɔhaw kɛse a nnipa pii wɔ. Nokwarem no, hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ nyinsɛn betumi atu afi sɔhwɛ yi mu no sua koraa . Ɛno kyerɛ sɛEnnu 1% (bɛyɛ 1 wɔ 1000 biara mu). Sɛ ɛno da nkyɛn a, hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ nneɛma te sɛ ɛna anaa akokoaa no bepira, ɔyare mmoawa, ne nea ɛkeka ho nso ho yɛ na koraa.
Ɔkwan foforo so no, wɔka nso sɛ hokwan ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ sɛ akokoaa no benya tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no Rhesus yare (baabi a nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛwɔ ɛna no mogya mu sɛe akokoaa no mogya mu nkwammoaa) anaa nan mu yare bi a wɔfrɛ no club foot.
So wopɛ sɛ woyɛ eyi ankasa? Dabi, eyi yɛ gyinaesi a ɛda wo ne wo kunu ntam koraa. Ansa na wobɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu no, wo duruyɛfo anaa awosu ho ɔfotufo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ mfaso ne ɔhaw ahorow no nyinaa mu akyerɛ wo. Afei wubetumi asi gyinae no.
So akwan foforo wɔ hɔ a wubetumi afa so?
Aane. Sɔhwɛ foforo bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no `(chorionic villus sampling - CVS)`. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wɔbɛfa awotwaa no mu nsu ketewaa bi sen sɛ wɔbɛfa akokoaa no awotwaa mu nsu. Mfaso biako a ɛwɔ CVS nhwehwɛmu no so ne sɛ wobetumi ayɛ no ntɛm ara wɔ nyinsɛn mu, wɔ adapɛn 10 kosi 13 ntam. Nanso, ɛde asiane ketewaa bi nso ba. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa na ɔnkyerɛ nea eye ma wo.
Sɛnea wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ no
Saa adeyɛ yi nyɛ hu sɛnea ɛte no. Adeyɛ no nyinaa gye bɛyɛ simma 30.
1. Ahosiesie: Nea edi kan no, wɔde aduru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa bɛhohoro wo yafunu no fã ketewaa bi ho. Wobetumi de aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ wɔ baabi a ɛwɔ hɔ no ama ɛyaw no so atew.
2. Scan no: Afei oduruyɛfo no de scanner no hwehwɛ beae pɔtee a akokoaa no ne awotwaa no wɔ.
3. Nhwɛsode no a wɔfa: Afei, wɔ scan no hwɛ ase no, wɔde ahwɛyiye kɛse fa ade teateaa bi fa yafunu no mu kɔ awotwaa no mu, na wogye nsu kakraa bi fi amniotic kotoku a akokoaa no wɔ no mu.
4. Afei: Sɛ wɔfa nhwɛsode no wie a, wɔbɛhwɛ wo bɛyɛ dɔnhwerew biako de ahwɛ ahu sɛ nsunsuanso bɔne biara nni hɔ. Ebia wubenya akisikuru bi a emu nyɛ den, te sɛ brayɛ mu akisikuru. Eyi yɛ ade a ɛfata.
Nea ebefi mu aba ne nea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ akyi
Mpɛn pii no egye adapɛn 2 kosi 3 ansa na sɔhwɛ no mu aba nyinaa aba. Wɔ tebea horow bi te sɛ Down syndrome fam no, ebia nea efi mu ba mfiase no betumi aba wɔ nna kakraa bi mu.
Sɛ nea efi mu ba no kyerɛ sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ hɔ a, wubenya hokwan ne ɔfotufo anaa oduruyɛfo bi akasa asusuw tebea no ne akwan horow a wobɛfa so akɔ w’anim ho. Mprempren wobetumi de oprehyɛn ayɛ awo mu dɛmdi ahorow bi (te sɛ spina bifida) bere a akokoaa no da so ara wɔ awotwaa mu no.
Gye w’ahome wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi
Ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛkɔ fie na woagye w’ahome yiye da a wɔbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ no.
- Mma nnyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ biara.
- Mma biribiara a emu duru boro nkaribo 20 (mmofra ka ho) so.
- Mma wo ne obi nna.
- Sɛ wowɔ ɔhaw biara a, wubetumi anom paracetamol nnɔnhwerew 4 biara.
Efi ade kyee no, gye sɛ oduruyɛfo no mfa afotu foforo mma wo a, wubetumi asan akɔ adwuma sɛnea wotaa yɛ no.
Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, frɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara.
- Atiridii anaa atiridiinini.
- Mogya anaa nsu foforo a efi ɔbea no awotwaa mu ba.
- Awotwaa a ɛtaa twetwe (yafunu mu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw).
- Yafunu mu yaw a emu yɛ den sen akisikuru a ɛyɛ daa.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Amniocentesis yɛ sɔhwɛ a wɔde hu sɛ ebia akokoaa no wɔ awo mu dɛmdi bi anaa.
- Eyi nyɛ sɔhwɛ mma obiara. Wɔkamfo kyerɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu esiane nneɛma pɔtee bi te sɛ abusua abakɔsɛm anaa scan amanneɛbɔ nti nkutoo.
- Ɛwom sɛ asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ nyinsɛn betumi atu no sua koraa de, nanso ɛho hia sɛ wohu.
- Gyinae a etwa to a ɛfa sɛ ebia wobɛyɛ sɔhwɛ yi anaasɛ worennyɛ ho no gyina wo ne wo kunu so.
- Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa a ntwentwɛn wo nan ase wɔ ehu anaa adwenem naayɛ biara a ebia wowɔ ho.
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