Bari mu koyi daidai game da allurar insulin. Wannan yana da matuƙar muhimmanci don magance ciwon suga!

Idan kana zaune da Ciwon Suga Mellitus, wataƙila ka ji labarin allurar insulin. Wataƙila likitanka ya gaya maka ka yi amfani da ita. To menene wannan insulin? Me ke faruwa da shi? Akwai nau'ikan daban-daban? Haka nan za ka iya samun tambayoyi kamar waɗannan. Bari mu yi magana a kan duka a hankali kuma a bayyane a yau, ko ba haka ba? Babu abin tsoro, da zarar ka san waɗannan abubuwan, za ka ji daɗi sosai.

Menene insulin? Me yasa muke buƙatarsa?

A taƙaice dai, insulin wani muhimmin hormone ne da ake samarwa a cikin jikinmu. Akwai wani ƙaramin abu da ake kira pancreas, ko ba haka ba, a cikin cikinmu? A nan ne ake samar da wannan hormone mai suna insulin.

To, me wannan insulin ke yi? Babban aikin insulin shine ɗaukar sukari (glucose) daga abincin da muke ci, daga jini, sannan a aika shi zuwa ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta a jiki, yana taimaka mana mu samar da kuzarin da muke buƙata don yin ayyukanmu na yau da kullun. Ka yi tunanin kamar kana buƙatar maɓalli don buɗe ƙofar gida, kana buƙatar maɓalli da ake kira insulin don aika sukari zuwa ƙwayoyin halittarmu.

To, me yasa wani mai ciwon suga yake buƙatar shan insulin a waje? Idan kana da ciwon suga, ko dai pancreas yana samar da ƙarancin insulin, ko kuma adadin insulin da ake samarwa bai isa ga jiki ba, ko kuma insulin da ake samarwa ba zai iya aiki yadda ya kamata ba. Ko menene dalili, sukarin da ke cikin jini ba zai iya shiga ƙwayoyin halitta ba kuma ya taru a cikin jini, wanda ke haifar da hauhawar matakin sukari a cikin jini. A lokacin ne ake buƙatar ba da insulin a waje a matsayin allura don sarrafa matakin sukari a cikin jini. Wannan kamar samar da wani abu ne da ya ɓace a jikinmu.

Bari mu fahimci yadda allurar insulin ke aiki? (Farawa, Kololuwa, Tsawon Lokaci)

Yanzu, lokacin da likitanka ya rubuta maka insulin, wataƙila ka ji an ambaci wasu kalmomi uku tare da sunansa: 'Onset', 'Peak', da 'Duration'. Duk da cewa waɗannan kalmomi ne na Turanci, sanin ainihin abin da suke nufi yana da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen kula da ciwon suga. Bari mu ga abin da kowannensu ke nufi.

'Farawa' (lokacin farawa)

'Farko' shine tsawon lokacin da insulin ke ɗauka kafin ya fara aiki a jikinka bayan ka yi masa allura, ma'ana yana fara rage sukarin jininka. Kamar yadda yake ɗaukar lokaci kafin mu fara hawa babur, wasu insulin suna ɗaukar lokaci kafin su fara aiki. Wasu suna fara aiki da sauri, yayin da wasu kuma suna ɗaukar ɗan lokaci.

'Kololuwa' (lokacin aiki mafi girma)

'Kololuwa' shine lokacin da ake allurar insulin kuma yana aiki sosai don rage sukarin jini. Wannan shine lokacin da insulin ke da mafi girman tasiri. A wannan lokacin 'Kololuwa', matakan sukari na jini na iya raguwa sosai ba zato ba tsammani (wani yanayi da ake kira 'Hypoglycemia'). Saboda haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a san waɗannan lokutan 'Kololuwa' kuma a yi taka tsantsan game da abubuwa kamar cin abinci a waɗannan lokutan.

'Tsawon Lokaci' (jimlar lokacin aiki)

'Tsawon Lokaci' yana nufin tsawon lokacin da tasirin insulin zai daɗe a jikinka. Wannan yana nufin cewa bayan allura sau ɗaya, zai taimaka wajen sarrafa sukarin jininka na tsawon awanni nawa. Wasu insulin suna aiki na 'yan awanni ne kawai, yayin da wasu kuma suna aiki na tsawon awanni 24 ko fiye.

Waɗannan abubuwa kamar 'Onset', 'Peak', da 'Duration' sun bambanta sosai daga nau'in insulin ɗaya zuwa wani. Shi ya sa likitanka zai zaɓi insulin ɗin da ya dace da kai, bisa ga abubuwa da yawa, kamar yadda kake cin abinci, yadda kake motsa jiki, da ayyukanka na yau da kullun.

Bari mu ga menene waɗannan nau'ikan insulin.

Akwai nau'ikan insulin da dama. An rarraba su galibi bisa ga yadda suke fara aiki da sauri (Farawa), lokacin da suke da mafi girman tasirinsu (Kololuwa), da kuma tsawon lokacin da suke ɗauka a jiki (Tsawon Lokaci).

Insulin mai aiki da sauri

Wannan nau'in insulin, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, yana fara aiki da sauri. Yawanci yana fara aiki cikin mintuna 5-20 bayan an yi masa allura. "Kololuwar" tasirinsa, ko kuma mafi girman tasirinsa, yana faruwa cikin awanni 1-3 , kuma jimlar tasirinsa yana ɗaukar kimanin awanni 3-5 . Sau da yawa ana sha kafin ko lokacin abinci.

• Misalai: `Insulin glulisin (Apidra®)`, `Insulin aspart (Novolog®)`, `Insulin lispro (Humalog®)` (U-100/U-200).

Ka yi tunanin kana shirin cin shinkafa yanzu. To, shan wannan nau'in insulin zai taimaka maka wajen sarrafa yawan sukari da ake ƙarawa a jininka daga abincin da kake ci cikin sauri.

Insulin mai aiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci

Wannan kuma ana kiransa 'Insulin na yau da kullun'. Waɗannan ba su da sauri kamar insulin mai aiki da sauri da aka ambata a baya, amma suna aiki da sauri. Yana ɗaukar kimanin mintuna 30-60 don fara aiki. 'Kololuwar' yana faruwa tsakanin awanni 2-4 , kuma tasirin yana ɗaukar kimanin awanni 5-8 . Hakanan yawanci ana ɗaukar wannan kimanin mintuna 30 kafin cin abinci.

• Misali: `Insulin na yau da kullun (Novolin R, Humulin R)`.

Insulin mai aiki matsakaici

Wannan nau'in insulin yana ɗaukar kimanin awanni 1-2 kafin ya fara aiki. Lokacin da aka samu 'kololuwar' yana ɗan makara, tsakanin awanni 4-12 . Tunda suna da tsawon lokacin aiki na kimanin awanni 14-24 , akwai lokutan da dole sai an yi musu allura sau biyu a rana.

• Misali: `NPH insulin (Novolin N, Humulin N)'.

Insulin mai aiki na dogon lokaci

Wannan kuma ana kiransa insulin 'basal'. Waɗannan suna taimakawa wajen daidaita matakan sukari a jini, kamar insulin na jikinmu na halitta, a duk tsawon yini. Wasu daga cikinsu ba su da 'kololuwa' bayyananne, don haka akwai ƙarancin haɗarin raguwar sukari a jini. Tasirin zai iya ɗaukar tsawon awanni 24 ko fiye.

• Misalai:
• Insulin detemir (Levemir®): Yana ɗaukar kimanin awa ɗaya kafin ya fara aiki. Matsakaicin tasirin yana ɗaukar awanni 3-14.Yana iya kasancewa tsakanin. Sakamakon yana ɗaukar har zuwa awanni 24 .
• `Insulin glargine U-100 (Lantus®, Basaglar®)`: Yana ɗaukar awanni 3-4 kafin fara aiki. Babu wani takamaiman 'kololuwa' . Tasirin yana ɗaukar har zuwa awanni 24 .
• `Insulin glargine U-300 (Toujeo®): Yana ɗaukar kimanin awanni 6 don fara aiki. Wannan kuma ba shi da 'kololuwa' . Tasirin zai iya ɗaukar har zuwa awanni 36 .
• `Insulin degludec U-100/U-200 (Tresiba®): Yana ɗaukar kimanin awa ɗaya kafin fara aiki. Wannan kuma ba shi da 'kololuwa' . Tasirin zai iya ɗaukar har zuwa awanni 42 .

Idan aka sha sau ɗaya (ko wataƙila sau biyu) a rana, wannan nau'in insulin yana taimakawa wajen daidaita matakan sukari a cikin jini a duk tsawon yini, kamar yadda jikinmu ke karɓar ƙananan adadin insulin a duk tsawon yini.

Insulin da aka riga aka haɗa

Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, waɗannan haɗin nau'ikan insulin guda biyu ne, masu aiki da sauri da kuma masu aiki na tsaka-tsaki, ko kuma makamancin haka. Wannan yana nufin cewa allura ɗaya ce ke yin duka biyun. Sau da yawa ana shan waɗannan kafin a ci abinci.

• Misalai:
• 'Insulin da aka riga aka haɗa 70/30 (70% NPH da 30% Daidaitacce)': Yana ɗaukar rabin sa'a zuwa awa ɗaya kafin fara aiki. Matsakaicin yana tsakanin sa'o'i 2-12 . Tasirin yana ɗaukar sa'o'i 10-16 .
• 'Insulin da aka riga aka haɗa 50/50 (50% NPH da 50% Daidaitacce)': Yana ɗaukar rabin sa'a zuwa awa ɗaya kafin fara aiki. Lokacin mafi girma shine tsakanin sa'o'i 2-12 . Tasirin yana ɗaukar awanni 10-16 .
• Humalog® Mix 75/25 (75% insulin lispro protamine da 25% insulin lispro): Yana fara aiki cikin mintuna 5-20 . Lokacin mafi girman shine awanni 1-2 . Tasirin yana ɗaukar awanni 10-16 .
• Humalog® Mix 50/50 (50% insulin lispro protamine da 50% insulin lispro): Yana fara aiki cikin mintuna 5-20 . Matsakaicin tasirin shine awanni 1-2 . Tsawon lokacin aikin shine awanni 10-16 .
• `NovoLog® Mix 70/30 (70% insulin aspart protamine da 30% insulin aspart)`: Yana fara aiki cikin mintuna 5-20 . Lokacin mafi girman shine awanni 1-2 . Tasirin yana ɗaukar awanni 10-16 .

Idan ana amfani da insulin iri ɗaya kamar haka, yana iya rage yawan allurai a kowace rana, wanda hakan babban abin jin daɗi ne ga wasu mutane.

Yaya ake allurar insulin? A ina ya kamata a yi allurar?

Akwai wurare da dama a jikinmu da suka dace da allurar insulin.

• Yankin ciki: Kimanin inci biyu a kusa da cibiya (cibiya), da kuma kewaye da wannan yanki.
• Yankin cinya na ƙafafu: Sama da bayan cinya.
• Bayan hannun sama.
• Yankin gindi.

Abu mai mahimmanci shine kada a yi allurar insulin a wuri ɗaya kowace rana.Idan haka ta faru, kitsen da ke ƙarƙashin fata a wannan yankin zai iya yin kauri ya kuma samar da ƙuraje. Wannan ana kiransa 'Lipohypertrophy'. Idan haka ta faru, jiki yana shan ƙarancin insulin daga wannan yankin, kuma insulin ɗin ba ya aiki yadda ya kamata. Saboda haka, kuna buƙatar canza wurin allurar kowace rana. Wannan ana kiransa 'juyawa' . Misali, idan kun yi allurar a gefen hagu na ciki a yau, ya kamata ku yi allurar a gefen dama gobe, kuma washegari a cinyar hagu.

Likitan ku ko kuma Malamin Jinya Mai Ciwon Suga zai koya muku yadda ake allurar insulin, yadda ake amfani da sirinji, da kuma yadda ake amfani da alkalami na insulin idan kuna da shi. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a bi waɗannan umarnin daidai.

Mene ne illar da amfani da insulin zai iya haifarwa?

Kamar kowace magani, insulin na iya samun ƙananan sakamako. Amma babu abin damuwa, domin sanin waɗannan zai iya shawo kansu da kuma hana su.

Hypoglycemia - ƙarancin sukari a jini

Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin abin da ya kamata mu yi taka tsantsan a kai lokacin shan insulin. A taƙaice dai, wannan yanayi da ake kira 'Hypoglycemia' yana faruwa ne lokacin da matakin sukari a jini ya ragu sosai.

• Menene alamun cutar?
• Gumi ba zato ba tsammani
• Jin kamar jikinka yana rawa
• bugun zuciya
• Jin damuwa, rashin natsuwa
• Jin yunwa sosai
• Jin jiri, da kuma jin kasala
• Sauti yana canzawa, yana raguwa lokacin magana
• Gani mara kyau
• Idan wannan yanayin ya yi tsanani sosai, har ma yana iya haifar da rasa sani. Saboda haka, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a san waɗannan alamun.

• Me yasa hakan ke faruwa?
• Cin abinci a makare ko kuma tsallake abinci.
• Shan insulin da yawa.
• Motsa jiki fiye da yadda aka saba, rashin cin abinci mai yawa don ramawa, ko rashin rage insulin.

• Me za a yi? Da zarar kun ji waɗannan alamun, ya kamata ku ci ɗan sukari da wuri-wuri. Misali, za ku iya shan ƴan allunan glucose, cokali 2-3 na sukari da aka narkar a cikin ruwa kaɗan, ku sha ɗan ruwan 'ya'yan itace (tare da sukari), ko ku sha ɗan abin sha mai zaki. Bayan wani lokaci, ku ci ƙaramin abinci mai ɗauke da carbohydrates masu rikitarwa (misali yanki na burodi, biskit ƴan kaɗan). Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ku yi magana da likitan ku game da wannan kuma ku san ainihin abin da za ku yi a lokacin gaggawa.

Maganin rashin lafiyan gida

Wannan a zahiri ba kasafai ake samunsa ba. Yankin da aka yi wa allurar insulin zai iya yin ja, ya kumbura kaɗan, kuma ya yi ƙaiƙayi. Wannan yawanci yakan ɓace shi kaɗai cikin 'yan kwanaki. Amma, idan ya ci gaba ko ya yi muni, ya kamata ka gaya wa likitanka.

Karin nauyi

Wasu mutane na iya ƙara nauyi kaɗan idan suka fara shan insulin. Wannan saboda, a da, sukari ba ya shiga ƙwayoyin halitta yadda ya kamata saboda ciwon suga, amma yanzu, godiya ga insulin, sukari yana fara zama makamashi. Haka kuma, ana adana kuzari mai yawa a jiki, wanda zai iya haifar da ƙaruwar nauyi. Amma kada ku damu, za ku iya sarrafa wannan ƙaruwar nauyi ta hanyar cin abinci mai kyau da daidaito da kuma motsa jiki kowace rana.

Yi la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan yayin amfani da insulin:

• Ana shan insulin kafin cin abinci: Ya kamata a sha insulin mai saurin aiki kamar Humalog®, Novolog®, da Apidra® kimanin minti 15 kafin cin abinci. Ya kamata a sha insulin na yau da kullun kimanin minti 30 kafin cin abinci. Tsayawa kan waɗannan lokutan yana da matuƙar muhimmanci don daidaita matakan sukari a jini bayan cin abinci.
• Haɗa insulin: Wasu nau'ikan insulin (misali, insulin mai aiki da sauri ko na yau da kullun da insulin NPH) za a iya haɗa su a cikin sirinji ɗaya. Amma sai idan likitanka ya gaya maka ka yi haka. Duk da haka, kada ka taɓa haɗa insulin daga wani kamfani da insulin daga wani. Misali, bai kamata a haɗa Humulin-R® (daga Eli Lilly) da Novolin-N® (daga Novo-Nordisk) ba. Wannan saboda hanyoyin da ake amfani da su don yin waɗannan insulin da abubuwan kiyayewa da suke ɗauke da su na iya bambanta, don haka ba a yi nazarin tasirin haɗa su tare ba.
• Likitanka zai tantance nau'in insulin da ya dace da kai, adadin (maganin) da kake buƙatar sha, sau nawa kake buƙatar sha a rana, da kuma lokacin da kake buƙatar sha. Yana da mahimmanci ka bi umarnin likitanka daidai. Kada ka canza yawan ko lokacin da kake so.
• Idan kana amfani da allurar insulin, yi amfani da allurar da aka ba da shawarar kawai waɗanda suka dace da alkalaminka. Ya fi kyau a yi amfani da sabuwar allura duk lokacin da ka yi allurar insulin. Sake amfani da allurar iri ɗaya akai-akai na iya haifar da ciwo, kamuwa da cuta, da kuma kumbura allurar, wanda zai iya hana isar da insulin yadda ya kamata.
• Haka kuma yana da mahimmanci a ajiye insulin a yanayin zafin da ya dace. Ya kamata a ajiye kwalaben insulin ko alkalami da aka rufe waɗanda ba a amfani da su a cikin firiji (ba sashen daskarewa ba). Ana iya ajiye kwalba ko alkalami da aka yi amfani da shi a zafin ɗaki (daga hasken rana kai tsaye da zafi mai yawa). Tsawon lokacin ya bambanta dangane da nau'in insulin. Duba takardar da ke tare da insulin ɗinka, ko tambayi likitanka ko mai sayar da magani.

A ƙarshe, abin da za a tuna (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

Rayuwa da ciwon suga na iya zama ƙalubale a wasu lokutan. Duk da haka, insulin magani ne mai mahimmanci wanda zai iya taimaka maka wajen sarrafa matakan sukari a cikin jininka, kare ka daga matsalolin da ciwon suga zai iya haifarwa, da kuma taimaka maka ka rayu cikin koshin lafiya da farin ciki.

Kada ka ji tsoron insulin ko kuma ka ɗauka a matsayin babbar matsala. Ka yi tunanin hakan a matsayin abokinka, wanda yake nan don taimaka maka kuma ya kula da kai.

Idan kana da wasu tambayoyi ko ma ɗan shakku game da insulin ko ciwon suga, kada ka ji tsoron tambayar likitanka, ma'aikacin jinya na ciwon suga, ko mai sayar da magani ba tare da wata damuwa ko shakku ba. Dukansu a shirye suke su taimake ka su kuma amsa tambayoyinka.

Ta hanyar amfani da insulin daidai, bin umarnin likitanka, cin abinci mai kyau, da kuma motsa jiki kowace rana, za ka iya sarrafa ciwon suga da kyau kuma ka rayu cikin farin ciki. Ina yi maka fatan alheri!

Insulin , Ciwon Suga, Nau'ikan Insulin, Hypoglycemia, Allurar Insulin, Apidra, Novolog, Humalog, Lantus, Levemir, Tresiba, NPH